JP6861980B2 - Consolidation plywood - Google Patents

Description

The present invention mainly relates to a consolidation plywood formed by laminating and consolidation of oil palm single plates, and particularly to a consolidation plywood having good physical characteristics that can be widely used from industrial materials to building interior materials and furniture.

For plywood, thinly stripped logs (veneer) like radish wigs are dried, and multiple single boards are laminated so that the fiber directions (grain directions) intersect, and an adhesive is applied between them. It is coated and joined to make it look like a single plate. These plywoods are used for structural plywood used for structures such as houses, concrete formwork plywood (control panel) used for concrete formwork, building interior materials, furniture, and even decorative plywood substrates. It is also widely used.

In particular, it has the excellent characteristics of wood that adapts to high temperature and high humidity environments like Japan, and also compensates for some of the drawbacks of wood with manufacturing technology, making it stronger and wider than single wood (sawmill). Moreover, it is an excellent material with little expansion and contraction. In addition, since tree species with limited uses can be used as a single material, it also contributes to the effective use of resources. For these plywoods, hardwoods such as lauan and meranchi, and conifers such as larch and radiata pine, which are generally cultivated on a large scale overseas and available in large quantities, are used.

On the other hand, oil palm (oil palm) is also cultivated on a large scale mainly in Malaysia and Indonesia as a commercial crop. The purpose of cultivating this oil palm is to collect fats and oils, and only the pulp and seeds are used. On the other hand, oil palm is replanted about every 25 years after the fruit yield decreases 25 to 30 years after planting and the economic life ends.

It is said that the large amount of oil palm trunk material generated during this reforestation is not suitable for lumbering due to its large deviation for timber use. Therefore, the trunk material of the felled oil palm is not effectively used and is disposed of as industrial waste or left on the farm.

Therefore, various attempts have been made to effectively use the trunk material of this oil palm as a resource. In recent years, it has been studied as a raw material for carbon-neutral fuel as a biomass resource. For example, in Patent Document 1 below, "use of oil palm material as a raw material for bioethanol" is proposed.

Unlike other tree species, the trunk material of the felled oil palm contains a large amount of free sugar in addition to cellulose and hemicellulose. These free sugars are mainly composed of sucrose, glucose, fructose and the like, and contain about 10% of the trunk material. Further, it is said that the trunk material of oil palm contains about 25% of starch (Non-Patent Document 1 below).

Therefore, in Patent Document 1 below, the trunk material of oil palm is squeezed and separated into a squeezed liquid containing free sugar and squeezed lees (squeezed lees). Further, this pressed lees is subjected to enzyme treatment (amylase treatment) to obtain a treatment liquid containing monosaccharides, and a mixture of this treatment liquid and the pressed liquid is fermented to obtain ethanol.

Further, in Patent Document 2 below, a "water-absorbent material" is proposed in which the trunk material of oil palm is not decomposed but is used as a raw material. This water-absorbent material is a highly water-absorbent material whose main component is parenchyma (which is thought to be "soft cells" that store starch and the like) obtained from the trunk material of oil palm.

Further, in Patent Document 3 below, "plywood, palm plywood, plywood manufacturing method, and palm plywood manufacturing method" using the trunk material of oil palm as the original wood material is proposed. This palm plywood is obtained by joining single plates obtained from the trunk material of oil palm with an adhesive, and in the above-mentioned general plywood manufacturing method, a plurality of single plates obtained by thinly peeling the trunk material of oil palm are used. It is laminated, and an adhesive is applied between them and joined to form a single plate material (plywood).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-11246 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-224479 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-068015 Toshiyoshi Matsuda, Yoichi Tomimura; Tropical Forestry, No.24 (1992) 37-46

By the way, the use of bioethanol in Patent Document 1 as a raw material is excellent for producing carbon-neutral fuel, but it is necessary to squeeze the trunk material of oil palm, perform enzyme treatment, and further ferment it. It requires complicated processes and large-scale equipment.

The water-absorbent material of Patent Document 2 is used as an industrial material, but requires complicated steps such as pressing, drying of solid residue, pulverization, and separation of parenchyma and vascular bundle by sieving. .. In addition, the parenchyma, which is a water-absorbent material, accounts for about 50 to 60% of the solid residue produced by pressing, and produces new industrial waste such as squeezed liquid and disposal of vascular bundles, which are unnecessary solids. ..

On the other hand, in the use as the palm plywood of Patent Document 3, the single plate obtained by peeling the trunk material of the oil palm and drying it can be used as it is. Therefore, most of the trunk material of oil palm can be used, and no new industrial waste is generated.

However, the single plate obtained from the trunk material of oil palm has a low density, unlike the single plate such as Lauan, which is conventionally used for plywood, and therefore its strength is weak. It becomes a problem and its use is limited.

Further, not only in palm plywood but also in conventional plywood, the problem of an adhesive for joining single plates has been greatly highlighted in recent years. This means that urea resin and melamine resin, which are widely used as adhesives for plywood, gradually decompose due to aging and emit formaldehyde. At present, measures are being taken such as reducing the amount of formaldehyde used in the production of adhesives and blending catcher agents that absorb and decompose formaldehyde generated by decomposition from plywood adhesives. However, it has been reported that it still causes sick building syndrome and atopic dermatitis in sensitive children.

In this way, when producing plywood using a trunk material of oil palm with weak strength, it is necessary to obtain a practical material such as strength unless a large amount of adhesive (or internal filling resin) is used. I couldn't. In addition, the produced plywood could not be obtained with particularly excellent rigidity among various physical properties, and could not be used for a wide range of purposes as a substitute for hard wood.

Therefore, the present invention addresses the above and effectively utilizes the trunk material of oil palm, which has been left unused until now, as the original wood material, thereby producing new industrial waste. It is an object of the present invention to provide a consolidated plywood which does not produce the above-mentioned material, has a particularly high Young's modulus among various physical properties, has excellent rigidity, and can be used in a wide range of applications as a substitute for hard wood.

In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted diligent research, and as a result, by laminating single plates formed from the trunk material of oil palm and consolidating them by applying a predetermined temperature and pressure, the single plates can be consolidated. We found that they join naturally. Utilizing this, by controlling the value of the air-dry density after consolidation (density in the air-dry state with a moisture content of 15% by mass) within a predetermined range, the Young's modulus of the consolidation plywood is greatly improved and the rigidity is improved. It was found that a compacted plywood having the above was formed, and the present invention was completed. Further, it has been found that even when a bonding component (adhesive) is added to the boundary surface of each single plate, a consolidated plywood having even better rigidity is formed with a very small amount.

That is, the compacted plywood according to the present invention is according to the description of claim 1.
It is a consolidation plywood that is a consolidation of a laminated material made of multiple single plates formed from oil palm material.
The value of the air-dry density after consolidation is in ^{the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm 3} ), and the value of the bending Young's modulus is 3.5 to 18.0 (GPa). It is characterized by being within the range.

That is, the compacted plywood according to the present invention is according to the description of claim 1.
It is a consolidation plywood that is a consolidation of a laminated material made of multiple single plates formed from oil palm material.
At least one boundary surface of each boundary surface of each single plate constituting the laminated material has a bonding component contained inside the oil palm material and another bonding component added from the outside, and these are present. It is bonded by the synergistic action of the bonding components of
The amount of the other bonding component added to the boundary surface of the laminated material is in the range of ^{60 to 112 (g / m 2), with the total amount relative to one boundary surface as the solid content.}
The value of the air-dry density after consolidation is in the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ) , and the value of the bending Young's modulus is 7.2 to 14.9 (GPa) . It is characterized by being within the range.

Further, the present invention is the compacted plywood according to claim 1 or 2, according to claim 3.
Only the bonding component contained inside the oil palm material is present on each boundary surface of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material, and no other bonding component added from the outside is present. It is characterized by being joined.

The present invention, according to the description of claim 3, a compaction Plywood according to claim 1 or 2,
At the boundary surface where the bonding component contained in the oil palm material and other bonding component added from the outside are present.
It is characterized in that the amount of the other bonding component present in the central portion in the thickness direction of the single plate is smaller or absent than the amount present in the vicinity of the boundary surface.

Further, according to the description of claim 4 , the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
It is characterized in that the other bonding components are not added to the surface of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate.

Further, according to the description of claim 5 , the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
It is characterized in that the other bonding component is added to the surface of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate.

Further, according to the description of claim 6 , the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
Each of the single plates is characterized in that the trunk material of the oil palm is peeled from the outer circumference to a predetermined thickness by a rotary race while rotating in the circumferential direction thereof.

Further, according to the description of claim 7 , the present invention is the consolidation plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
The plywood is characterized in that it conforms to the criteria of "Class 1 immersion peeling test" specified in Appendix 3 (3) of the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS).

Further, according to the above configuration, in the consolidation plywood according to the present invention, the value of the air-dry density after consolidation is in ^{the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm 3} ), and the bending young The value of the coefficient is in the range of 3.5 to 18.0 (GPa). As a result, among various physical properties, it has a particularly high Young's modulus, is excellent in rigidity, and can be used in a wide range of applications that can replace hard wood.

Further, according to the above configuration, in the consolidation plywood according to the present invention, the value of the air-dry density after consolidation is in the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ) , and the bending young The value of the coefficient is in the range of 7.2-14.9 (GPa). As a result, among various physical properties, it has a particularly high Young's modulus, is excellent in rigidity, and can be used in a wide range of applications that can replace hard wood.

Further, according to the above configuration, only the bonding component contained in the oil palm material is present on each single plate or each boundary surface of the other single plates constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood according to the present invention. It may be bonded without the presence of other bonding components added from the outside. That is, the single plates are joined (self-adhesive) to form a consolidated plywood without adding a large amount of adhesive or other joining components to the joint between the single plates as in the conventional case. As a result, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, it is possible to construct a consolidated plywood that does not emit formaldehyde from the adhesive, which is a problem with conventional plywood, and is made of a natural material itself and does not add other synthetic components. Can be done.

Further, according to the above configuration, in the consolidation plywood according to the present invention, the other bonding component is present at the boundary surface where the bonding component contained inside the oil palm material and another bonding component added from the outside are present. The amount present in the central portion in the thickness direction of the single plate is smaller or absent than the amount present in the vicinity of the boundary surface. As a result, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, it is possible to more specifically construct a consolidated plywood in which the emission of formaldehyde from the adhesive, which is a problem in the conventional plywood, is very small.

Further, according to the above configuration, the amount of other bonding components added to the boundary surface of the laminated material of the consolidated plywood according to the present invention is 50 to 500 (g / m ^{2), with the total amount relative to one boundary surface as the solid content.} ), Preferably within the range of 60 to 300 (g / m ² ). As a result, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the amount of the bonding component used is not large and the cost is not increased, and more specifically, the consolidated plywood with very little formaldehyde emission can be constructed.

Further, according to the above configuration, the amount of other bonding components added to the boundary surface of the laminated material of the consolidated plywood according to the present invention is 60 to 112 (g / m ^{2) with the total amount for one boundary surface as the solid content.} ) May be within the range. As a result, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the amount of the bonding component used is not large and the cost is not increased, and more specifically, the consolidated plywood with very little formaldehyde emission can be constructed.

Further, according to the above configuration, other bonding components are added to the surface exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood according to the present invention. You may do so. As a result, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the surface is covered with the bonding component, the grain and luster of the single plate are emphasized, and the physical properties such as surface hardness can be further improved.

Further, according to the above configuration, each single plate constituting the consolidated plywood according to the present invention is formed by peeling the trunk material of the oil palm from the outer circumference to a predetermined thickness by a rotary race while rotating the trunk material in the circumferential direction. It may be. By forming the single plate by the rotary race in this way, it is possible to stably form a large amount of single plates having a predetermined thickness. In addition, the trunk material of oil palm can be completely used from the sapwood to the core material.

Further, according to the above configuration, the consolidated plywood according to the present invention conforms to the criteria of "Class 1 immersion peeling test" specified in Appendix 3 (3) of the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) for plywood. As a result, it can be used in applications where the joining strength of the joining portion is particularly strongly required in addition to the above-mentioned effects.

Further, according to the above configuration, the consolidated plywood according to the present invention is tested by measuring the plywood in accordance with the "class 2 immersion peeling test" specified in Appendix 3 (3) of the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS). In the joint portion appearing on the side surface of one piece, the length of the portion that is not peeled off is 67% or more of the length of the joint portion. As a result, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the joint strength of the joint portion is excellent, and it can be used in a wide range of applications.

In the first embodiment, it is the schematic which shows the process of making the trunk material of the oil palm into a single plate by a rotary race. It is a schematic diagram which shows the combination at the time of laminating a plurality of oil palm single plates in 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the laminated material which consists of a plurality of oil palm single plates in 1st Embodiment. In the first embodiment, it is the schematic which shows the state (a) laminated material, (b) consolidation plywood before and after consolidation. It is sectional drawing which shows the outline of the consolidation apparatus which manufactures the consolidation plywood in 1st Embodiment. It is a process drawing which shows the outline of the process of manufacturing a consolidation plywood in 1st Embodiment.

In the present invention, oil palm is also called oil palm (oil palm), and is a general term for monocotyledonous plants belonging to the genus Oil palm, which is native to West Africa, and is a commercial crop for the purpose of oil and fat extraction in Malaysia and Indonesia. It is cultivated on a large scale mainly in. The mature tree consists of a single trunk and reaches a height of 20 m. The leaves are pinnate and about 3 to 5 m long, and 20 to 30 new leaves grow every year.

Further, as described above, the oil palm is replanted about every 25 years after the fruit yield decreases 25 to 30 years after planting and the economic life ends. In the cultivation of oil palm, only the pulp and seeds are used for the purpose of collecting fats and oils, so the trunk material has not been effectively used so far and is disposed of as industrial waste or left on the farm.

It is said that the composition of the trunk material of oil palm varies slightly depending on the place of origin, but in general, cellulose is 30.6%, hemicellulose is 33.2%, and lignin (total lignin 28.5% = Clarson lignin 24.7%). + Acid-soluble lignin 3.8%), extract component 3.6%, ash content 4.1% (characterization in Chemical Composition of the Oil Palm; Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 87 (2008) 383- 388).

Further, in the cross section of the trunk material of the oil palm, there are visible vascular bundles having a diameter of about 0.4 to 1.2 mm and soft cells that store starch and the like around them. These cell walls are formed of resin components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and the stem material contains about 10% free sugar (mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and about 25% starch. It is contained (Non-Patent Document 1 above).

Hereinafter, each embodiment of the consolidation plywood according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to each of the embodiments shown below.

First Embodiment:
The first embodiment relates to a consolidation plywood made of only a single oil palm plate, and each boundary surface of the single plate has only a bonding component (described later) contained inside the oil palm material, and is external. It is bonded without the presence of other bonding components (adhesive) added from. Further, no other joining component (adhesive) added from the outside is added to the surface exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate among the single plates constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood. Here, the manufacturing process will be described with reference to the drawings. In the process of manufacturing a consolidated plywood, first, a single plate is formed from the trunk material of oil palm. In the present invention, the method for forming a single plate is not particularly limited, and a lumbering method using a sawn plate or a stripping plate method using a continuous rotary race or the like can be used. In the first embodiment, a rotary race method is adopted, which is excellent in productivity and can continuously form a uniform single plate.

Therefore, in the first embodiment, a method of forming a single plate by a rotary race will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process of making a trunk material of an oil palm into a single plate by a rotary race. First, the oil palm trunk material WD having a predetermined length is cut from the trunk of the felled oil palm. This oil palm trunk material WD is set in a rotary race (device) (details of the device are omitted in FIG. 1).

Next, the oil palm trunk material WD is rotated around the center of the trunk as a rotation axis, and the oil palm trunk material WD is peeled in the circumferential direction in the same manner as the wig peeling of the radish by the blade CT. In this way, an oil palm continuous release plate UWD having a predetermined thickness is obtained from the periphery (sapwood) of the oil palm trunk material WD toward the center (core material). The oil palm trunk material WD has no annual rings in its cross section, and a homogeneous oil palm continuous release plate UWD can be obtained. In addition, since there are no annual rings, a grain appears on the surface of the oil palm continuous release plate UWD.

In this oil palm trunk material WD, the density gradually decreases from the periphery (sapwood) to the center (core material). That is, while the density of the sapwood is about 0.6 (g / cm ³ ), the density of the core material is as small as ^{about 0.2 (g / cm 3).} As a result, the density of the oil palm continuous release plate UWD gradually changes to a small value.

The oil palm continuous release plate UWD is cut to a predetermined length to obtain an oil palm single plate W. Normally, the oil palm single plate W is cut continuously. As described above, the density of this oil palm single plate W is gradually changing. However, in one oil palm single plate W, a substantially homogeneous density is obtained by the limited length and the wig peeling process.

Further, in the first embodiment, on the contrary, it is possible to selectively procure the oil palm single plate W having an arbitrary density by utilizing this fact. That is, the required thickness (thickness before consolidation) and density (density before consolidation) are determined in consideration of the thickness (thickness after consolidation) and density (density after consolidation) of the target consolidation plywood. The required number of oil palm plywood W can be procured. The obtained oil palm single plate W is dried after cutting. Drying can be performed by a usual device or process for drying a single piece of wood.

The oil palm single plate W formed in this way is a laminated material NW (see FIG. 3) in which a plurality of oil palm single plates W (which is an odd number in a normal plywood but is not limited to an odd number in the present invention) are laminated. ). In the combination when laminating these oil palm single plates W, the fiber direction (wood grain direction) of each single plate can be combined in any direction.

For example, the fiber directions of the oil palm single plates W may be alternately laminated so as to intersect (substantially orthogonal to each other) with each other. Further, each oil palm single plate W may be laminated so that the fiber directions are parallel to each other. Further, the fiber directions of the oil palm single plates W may be laminated so as to intersect at any angle other than the orthogonal direction. Further, among the plurality of oil palm single plates W, only those near the surface layer may be laminated so as to intersect, or only those near the inner layer may be laminated so as to intersect. ..

In the first embodiment, the oil palm single plates W are alternately laminated so that the fiber directions intersect (substantially orthogonal to each other). As a result, the strength of each oil palm single plate W complements each other, and the physical characteristics of the completed consolidated plywood are greatly improved.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a combination when a plurality of oil palm single plates W (five in the first embodiment) are laminated. In FIG. 2A, first, three oil palm single plates W1, W3, and W5 are prepared, with the fiber direction as the long side and facing the same direction. Next, in FIG. 2B, the two oil palm single plates W1, W3, and W5 mentioned above have two oil palm single plates W2 having a short side in the fiber direction so that the fiber directions are orthogonal to each other. Prepare W4.

Then, between the three oil palm single plates W1, W3, and W5 having the fiber direction as the long side, the two oil palm single plates W2 and W4 having the fiber direction as the short side are inserted. These five oil palm single plates W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5 are laminated so as to intersect each other in the fiber direction to form a laminated material NW (see FIG. 3) composed of five layers.

Next, a consolidation plywood is obtained by compacting (described later) the laminated material NW thus constructed. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the state of the laminated material NW before and after consolidation. FIG. 4A shows the state of the laminated material NW before consolidation. On the other hand, FIG. 4B shows a consolidation plywood PW after consolidation of the laminated material NW under predetermined conditions (described later).

In FIG. 4, there is no significant change in the dimensions in the length direction and the width direction between the laminated material NW before consolidation and the consolidation plywood PW after consolidation. On the other hand, the change in the thickness direction, that is, the stacking direction is large, and it can be seen that the PW is compressed by consolidation to form a high-density consolidation plywood PW.

Here, consolidation (consolidation fixation) will be described. The present inventors have studied the consolidation of wood and the plastic working of wood. From that background, the applicant holds a plurality of patents such as a method for compacting and immobilizing wood (Patent No. 4787432) and plastic-processed wood (Patent No. 5138080). Therefore, the present inventors have developed a laminated bonding technology for oil palm single plates that does not require an adhesive as a new technology that has not existed in the past by further evolving by utilizing these technical knowledge and devices.

In the first embodiment, the laminated material NW in which a plurality of oil palm single plates W are laminated is heated, and the heated laminated material NW is placed in the laminating direction, that is, at the boundary surface of each single plate. A predetermined compressive force is applied from the vertical direction to compress. Further, while maintaining this compressive force, the temperature is further raised and maintained at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and then the temperature is lowered to cool and compact consolidation is completed.

As the consolidation immobilization condition in the first embodiment, first, the predetermined temperature is in the temperature range of 150 to 210 ° C., preferably in the temperature range of 170 to 200 ° C. The time for maintaining this temperature range is appropriately selected depending on the object to be consolidated and fixed, but is, for example, in the range of 10 minutes to 120 minutes, preferably in the range of 20 minutes to 60 minutes. is there.

On the other hand, the compressive force applied from the direction perpendicular to the boundary surface of each single plate is appropriately selected depending on the object to be consolidated and fixed, and is preferably in the range of ^{, for example, 5 to 70 kg / cm 2.} The consolidation device and the consolidation step used in the first embodiment will be described later.

Here, in the first embodiment, due to this consolidation (consolidation fixation), the boundary surface of each oil palm single plate W requires an adhesive (another bonding component added from the outside of the oil palm single plate). Firmly join (self-adhesive) without using. The reason why the oil palm single plate W is self-adhesive is not clear, but the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, free sugar (mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and starch contained in the trunk material of the oil palm It is considered that the combined action of each component causes strong adhesion and contributes to the improvement of the physical properties of the compaction plywood PW itself.

Of the above components, cellulose constitutes the skeleton of the cell wall, and lignin acts as an adhesive component on the skeleton with hemicellulose as an intermediary. In addition, it is considered that free sugar and starch, which are particularly abundant in oil palm, act in combination with lignin to exert a unique action and effect. These components are considered to be the bonding components contained in the above-mentioned oil palm material.

Here, the consolidation device MC for manufacturing the consolidation plywood PW used in the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the consolidation device MC used in the first embodiment. In FIG. 5, the consolidation device MC is composed of a press machine 10 (upper press machine 10A and lower press machine 10B) which is divided into upper and lower parts.

The upper press machine 10A and the lower press machine 10B are divided into upper and lower parts to form an internal space IS and a positioning hole 18. The positioning hole 18 determines and regulates the position of the laminated material NW before pressurization, and is formed in the lower press plate 10B so that the peripheral edge portion 10b thereof faces the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press plate 10A. There is. A seal member 11 for sealing the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 within the range of vertical movement of the press plate 10 is formed on the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press plate 10A.

Further, the upper press board 10A is provided with a pipe 12 which is communicated from the upper surface side thereof into the internal space IS and has a pipe port 12a for supplying steam into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. A valve V4 is provided on the downstream side of the pipe 12. On the other hand, the lower press board 10B is provided with a pipe 13 which is communicated from the side surface side thereof into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 and has a pipe port 13a for discharging water vapor from the internal space IS. The pipe 13 is provided with a pressure gauge P2 for detecting the vapor pressure inside the pipe 13, a valve V5 on the downstream side thereof, and a drain pipe 14 connected to the valve V5.

Further, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are formed with piping lines 15 and 16 for raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature by passing high-temperature steam through the inside thereof, and these piping lines 15 and 16 are formed. The pipes ST2 and ST3 branched from the steam supply side pipe ST1 and the steam discharge side pipes ET1 and ET2 are connected to the pipe, respectively. Valves V1, V2, V3 and a pressure gauge P1 for detecting the steam pressure in the pipe ST1 are arranged in the middle of the pipes ST1, ST2 and ST3 on the steam supply side, and the pipes ET1 and ET2 on the steam discharge side are arranged. Is connected to the drain pipe 14 via the valve V6.

Note that FIG. 5 includes a boiler device that supplies steam to the pipe ST1 and a hydraulic mechanism for raising / lowering the upper press plate 10A and pressurizing the lower press plate 10B on the fixed side of the press plate 10. The press lifting device is omitted.

Further, it is branched from the cooling water supply side pipe ST11 that cools to a desired temperature by passing low-temperature cooling water instead of steam through the piping passages 15 and 16 formed in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. The pipes ST12 and ST13 are connected to the pipes ST2 and ST3, respectively. Further, valves V11, V12, and V13 are arranged in the middle of the pipes ST11, ST12, and ST13 on the cooling water supply side. In FIG. 5, the cooling water supply device for supplying the cooling water to the pipe ST11 is omitted.

Next, a manufacturing process for manufacturing the consolidation plywood PW from the laminated material NW using the consolidation device MC configured in this way will be described along with each step of FIG. First, in FIG. 6A, the upper press machine 10A rises with respect to the lower press machine 10B on the fixed side in the consolidation device MC, and the laminated material NW that has been dried under predetermined conditions in advance is subjected to the upper press machine 10A and the upper press machine 10A. It is placed in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the lower press machine 10B.

Here, in the first embodiment, the laminated material NW used as the material of the consolidation plywood PW is formed to have predetermined dimensions (thickness, width, length), and five oil palm single plates W1. , W2, W3, W4, W5 laminated surfaces (parallel to the boundary surface of each single plate) facing each press surface of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B, and placed in the positioning hole 18 of the lower press board 10B. To do.

Next, in FIG. 6B, the upper press plate 10A is lowered with respect to the laminate NW placed on the positioning hole 18 of the lower press plate 10B on the fixed side, and the upper surface of the laminate NW, that is, the laminate surface. Abut in the direction perpendicular to (parallel to the boundary surface of each single plate). In this state, water vapor at a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 ° C. to 180 ° C.) is passed through the pipe passage 15 of the upper press board 10A and the pipe passage 16 of the lower press board 10B, and the inside of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is passed through the predetermined temperature (for example). , 110 ° C to 180 ° C). In this state, the space composed of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is not yet sealed.

Next, the compressive force of the upper press machine 10A is set to a predetermined pressure (for example, 5 to 70 kg / cm ² ) with respect to the lower press machine 10B on the fixed side, and the laminated material NW is set to the upper press machine 10A and the lower press machine 10B. Heat and compress for a predetermined time (for example, 5 to 40 minutes). It is desirable that the compressive force at this time is gradually increased according to the temperature rise of the laminated material NW, that is, the state of heat conduction (internal temperature rise) of the laminated material NW in order to prevent cracking. It is preferable that the heat compression time is also set in consideration of the time required for heat conduction. In this state, the space composed of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is not yet sealed.

Next, in FIG. 6C, when the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A comes into contact with the peripheral edge portion 10b of the lower press board 10B, the seal member 11 disposed on the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A is used to move the upper edge portion 10a. The internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the press plate 10A and the lower press plate 10B are sealed. In this state, the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are maintained in a sealed state, and the compressive force of the upper press machine 10A and the lower press machine 10B is maintained, up to a predetermined temperature (for example, 150 to 210 ° C.). The temperature rises.

In the first embodiment, the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press machine 10A and the lower press machine 10B are sealed via the seal member 11. The vertical dimension interval of is set to the finished dimension (compression rate) in the thickness direction so that the value of the air-dry density after consolidation becomes a preset value. Therefore, the compressibility of the entire thickness of the laminated material NW, that is, the change in the plate thickness due to the compression of the laminated material NW is caused by the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press plate 10A coming into contact with the peripheral edge portion 10b of the lower press plate 10B. It will be decided.

In this state, the compressive force of the upper press plate 10A and the lower press plate 10B is maintained in the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 shown in FIG. 6 (c), and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are predetermined. A consolidated plywood PW that is maintained at a temperature (for example, 150 to 210 ° C.) for a predetermined time (for example, 30 minutes to 120 minutes) and does not return (expand) when the cooling compression is released thereafter. A heat treatment for forming is performed. At this time, high-temperature and high-pressure vapor pressure can freely flow in and out of the peripheral surface of the laminated material NW and the inside thereof through the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 which are sealed by the upper press machine 10A and the lower press machine 10B. It has become.

As described above, in the first embodiment, the upper press plate 10A and the lower press plate 10B are in surface contact with the front and back surfaces of the laminated material NW and are held in the closed internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. The entire thickness of the laminated material NW is sufficiently heated and is efficiently compressed and deformed.

Next, in FIG. 6D, when the heat compression process is performed in the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, the steam in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is used as a vapor pressure control process by the pressure gauge P2. The pressure is detected and the valve V5 is opened and closed as appropriate. As a result, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13, and in particular, the excess based on the water content of the outer layer portion of the laminated material NW is discharged. Moisture in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is removed, and the inside of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is adjusted to have a predetermined vapor pressure.

Further, if necessary, a predetermined vapor pressure can be supplied to the internal space IS via the pipe 12 and the pipe port 12a (FIG. 5) connected to the valve V4. As a result, fixing of the heat compression treatment of wood, so-called immobilization of wood, is further promoted.

Further, immediately before the transition from heating compression to cooling compression by the upper press plate 10A and the lower press plate 10B, the valve V5 is opened as a vapor pressure control process, so that the internal space passes through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13. High-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the IS and the positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side.

Next, in FIG. 6 (e), the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are brought to room temperature by passing cooling water at room temperature through the piping line 15 of the upper press board 10A and the piping line 16 of the lower press board 10B. It is cooled to the front and back and held for a predetermined time (for example, 10 to 120 minutes) depending on the material. At this time, the compressive force of the upper press machine 10A with respect to the lower press machine 10B on the fixed side is maintained at the same predetermined pressure (for example, 5 to 70 kg / cm ² ) as the pressure at the time of heating and compression, and the upper press is performed. The plate 10A and the lower press plate 10B are cooled.

Finally, in FIG. 6 (f), the upper press plate 10A is raised with respect to the lower press plate 10B on the fixed side, and the finished laminated plywood PW is taken out from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to form a series. Processing process is completed.

Next, the present inventors confirmed the physical characteristics, particularly the rigidity, of the consolidated plywood PW produced in this manner. Specifically, the flexural Young's modulus of the consolidated plywood PW was measured and confirmed to be excellent in flexural rigidity. Furthermore, the present inventors have confirmed the joint strength of the consolidation plywood PW. For the evaluation of the joint strength in the first embodiment, a method based on the "Type 2 immersion peeling test" specified in Appendix 3 (3) of the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) for plywood was adopted (details of the test method are as follows). Will be described later).

As a result, it was confirmed that the rigidity of the consolidation plywood PW after consolidation is greatly improved by controlling the air-dry density within a predetermined range. Specifically, the value of the air-dry density after consolidation is ^{within the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm 3} ), preferably within the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ). By controlling to, the value of the bending Young's coefficient was in the range of 3.5 to 18.0 (GPa), showing excellent bending rigidity.

On the other hand, in the Class 2 immersion peeling test, the presence or absence of peeling of the joint portion due to immersion is visually confirmed. Also in this test method, the value of the air-dry density after compaction is in the range of 0.6 to 1.4 (g / cm ³ ), preferably in the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ). By controlling the inside, it is confirmed that the length of the unpeeled portion of the joint portion appearing on the side surface of the test piece is 67% or more of the length of the joint portion (details will be described later). did. When the length of the non-peeled portion is 67% or more of the length of the bonded portion, it is considered that the application will be expanded as a compacted plywood having strong and excellent bonding strength. This test method is intended for plywood using a general adhesive, but in the present invention, the boundary between each single plate of the consolidated plywood PW joined without the presence of other joining components added from the outside. It is also effective as a method for evaluating the joint strength of surfaces.

Hereinafter, the consolidation plywood according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to Example 1. In the first embodiment, the value of the air-drying density after consolidation of the consolidation plywood PW is changed to three levels within the range ^{of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm 3), and the air-drying of the consolidation plywood PW is performed.} The value of the density, the bending Young's modulus, and the performance of the Class 2 immersion peeling test were confirmed.

A. Preparation of Oil Palm Single Plate W Multiple oil palm single plates W were prepared by peeling and drying the same oil palm trunk material WD using a rotary lace to peel off the wig. The dimensions of these oil palm single plates W are about 3 to 4 mm in thickness, about 300 mm in length, and about 200 mm in width, both in the fiber direction (wood grain direction) in the length direction and in the width direction. Prepared. The value of the air-dry density of each oil palm single plate W before consolidation was about 0.35 (g / cm ³ ).

B. Preparation of Laminated Material NW In each of the first embodiments, a plurality of laminated material NWs (Nos. 1 to 3) were prepared by combining five oil palm single plates W. As described above, these laminated materials NW are laminated so as to intersect (substantially orthogonally) the fiber directions with each other, and are composed of five layers. In forming the laminated material NW, no other component such as an adhesive was applied to the boundary surface and the outermost layer surface of each single plate.

C. Consolidation Each laminated material NW prepared in this way was consolidated using the above-mentioned consolidation device MC. In the first embodiment, it was decided to obtain a plurality of consolidated plywood PWs having different air-dry density values from the same material. The consolidation temperature (set temperature) at this time was 180 ° C.

In Example 1, steam at the same temperature was used in combination after raising the temperature to the set temperature, and the treatment time (maintenance time) was unified to 30 minutes. In addition, the press pressure after raising the temperature to the set temperature was unified to ^{50 kg / cm 2.} After the consolidation treatment for 30 minutes, the temperature was cooled to room temperature, and then the press pressure was released to complete the consolidation. The value of the air-dry density after consolidation was controlled by the compression thickness calculated in advance. In this way, a series of consolidated plywood PWs (Nos. 1 to 3) were obtained. Table 1 shows the thickness and air-dry density values of each consolidated plywood PW (Nos. 1 to 3).

D. Evaluation of Physical Properties Next, various physical properties of each consolidated plywood PW manufactured in Example 1 were measured, and how these physical properties were affected by the value of the air-dry density of the consolidated plywood PW was evaluated. .. The evaluation items were two items, "bending Young's modulus, etc." of the consolidated plywood PW and "peeling of the joint portion due to immersion". Hereinafter, each evaluation item and evaluation result will be described.

a. Bending Young's modulus, etc .:
The bending strength was measured for each of the above-mentioned consolidated plywoods PW (Nos. 1 to 3), and the strength physical properties such as the bending Young's modulus were measured. Specifically, a test piece having a length direction of 300 mm and a width direction of 40 mm was prepared from each consolidated plywood PW, and a three-point bending test was performed using this test piece. An autograph (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was used as a measuring device, and the measurement was performed at a span length of 260 mm and a head speed of 20 mm / min. The measurement environment was a constant temperature and humidity chamber with a room temperature of 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%. The bending Young's modulus (GPa), bending strength (MPa), and strain energy (J) were calculated from each measured value. Table 1 shows the values such as the bending Young's modulus obtained for each consolidation plywood PW.

b. Peeling of joints due to immersion:
Each of the above-mentioned consolidated plywood PWs (Nos. 1 to 3) was measured in accordance with the "Type 2 immersion peeling test" specified in Appendix 3 (3) of the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) for plywood. Specifically, a test piece having a length direction of 75 mm and a width direction of 75 mm was prepared from each consolidated plywood PW, and this test piece was immersed in warm water at 70 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, the test piece taken out from warm water was dried in an atmosphere of 60 ° C. for 3 hours.

In the test piece after immersion and drying, it was visually determined whether or not peeling occurred at the joint portion appearing on the side surface of the test piece. As a judgment criterion, the one in which the length of the non-peeled portion was 50 mm or more (67% or more of the length of the joint portion) was accepted (no peeling). Table 1 shows the presence (x) and no (◯) of peeling for each consolidation plywood PW.

As can be seen from Table 1, the values of the bending Young's modulus are good for the three consolidation plywoods PW (Nos. 1 to ³ ) having an air-dry density value of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm 3). It can be seen that it has rigidity. In particular, the two consolidation plywoods PW (Nos. 2 and ³ ) having an air-dry density value of 0.9 to 1.1 (g / cm 3) have excellent rigidity. These values are superior to those of ordinary Lauan plywood. In addition, all three consolidated plywood PWs (Nos. 1 to 3) have passed the Class 2 immersion peeling test, indicating that the lamination strength is good.

From the above, according to the present invention of the first embodiment, new industrial waste can be produced by effectively using the trunk material of oil palm, which has been left unused until now, as the original wood material. It is possible to provide a consolidated plywood that does not produce, has a particularly high Young's modulus among various physical properties, has excellent rigidity, and can be used in a wide range of applications as a substitute for hard wood.

Second embodiment:
The second embodiment relates to a consolidation plywood made of only a single oil palm plate, and on each boundary surface of the single plate, a bonding component contained inside the oil palm material and another bonding component added from the outside. (Adhesive) exists and is bonded by the synergistic action of these bonding components. Further, no other joining component (adhesive) added from the outside is added to the surface exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate among the single plates constituting the laminated material of the consolidated plywood. The manufacturing process of the consolidation plywood according to the second embodiment is performed on the boundary surface (hereinafter referred to as “boundary surface”) of two oil palm single plates to be joined before the consolidation with respect to the manufacturing process of the first embodiment. The process of applying the adhesive is added. Further, it is not necessary to use the special consolidation device used in the first embodiment at the time of consolidation. Other steps are basically the same as those in the first embodiment.

Hereinafter, the consolidation plywood according to the second embodiment will be described along with each step. Also in the second embodiment, a rotary race method is adopted as a method for forming a single plate from the trunk material of the oil palm. The contents will be omitted because they have been described above.

Next, an adhesive is applied to the boundary surface when the dried oil palm single plate W is combined to form the laminated material NW1. Here, the adhesive refers to all materials that can be used for joining and adhering wood. In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to use various resin compounds as the adhesive. Examples of these resin compounds include urea, melamine, phenol, furan, a compound obtained by a condensation reaction of a combination thereof with formaldehyde, or a precondensate thereof. These resin compounds are generally called urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin, furan resin and the like. Further, examples of the resin compound that has come to be used in recent years include formaldehyde-free urethane resin and epoxy resin. Further, instead of using these synthetic resin-based adhesives, a natural resin-based adhesive may be used. Examples of the natural resin-based adhesive include shellac, which is a resinous substance secreted by scale insects. In the second embodiment, a synthetic resin-based phenol resin was used as the adhesive.

Further, in order to react these adhesives, a catalyst may be used in combination with the adhesives. This catalyst may be appropriately selected depending on the type of adhesive used and the reaction temperature. In the case of formaldehyde condensation type resins such as urea resin, melamine resin, phenol resin and furan resin, an acid catalyst is generally used. In the case of the phenol resin used in the second embodiment, the heat treatment temperature can be lowered by using an acid catalyst in combination. On the other hand, also in the case of the phenol resin, the heat treatment temperature may be raised for the treatment without using an acid catalyst in combination. In the second embodiment, a method of heat-treating at a high temperature was adopted without using an acid catalyst in combination with the phenol resin.

The phenol resin may be applied to the surface of the oil palm single plate W by any method, but the amount of the phenol resin to be applied to the surface of the oil palm single plate W is to join the conventional wood-based materials. Less than when. Further, it is necessary to apply the phenol resin only to the surface of the oil palm single plate W and prevent it from penetrating into the inside as much as possible. When producing plywood from conventional common tree species, a sufficient amount, for example, solids, 500 (g / m ² ) to 600 on both surfaces of the two single plates to be joined. A phenol resin within the range of (g / m ^{2) or more is applied.}

On the other hand, since the oil palm material has a low density and a coarse structure, the penetration of the phenol resin into the inside is much larger than that of other tree species. Therefore, if the same amount of phenol resin as the conventional one is applied, not only the amount of permeation becomes large and the manufacturing cost increases, but also the amount of phenol resin on the boundary surface of each single plate decreases and the bonding strength becomes low. Become. On the other hand, it is mainly the resin compound near the surface that is involved in the bonding of the boundary surface, and the resin compound that has penetrated into the inside has no effect on the bonding strength. Further, in the case of the oil palm material, since the bonding component (described above) contained inside the oil palm material is bonded by the synergistic action of the adhesive added from the outside such as phenol resin, the amount of the adhesive applied may be small. ..

Therefore, in the second embodiment, the method of applying the phenol resin only to the surface of the oil palm single plate W is adopted. The application of the phenol resin to the surface of the oil palm single plate W is preferably performed by, for example, a brush coating, a roller, a spray, or a printing method. Further, the viscosity of the phenol resin to be applied may be increased to prevent the oil palm single plate W from penetrating from the surface to the inside.

As described above, in the second embodiment, in the laminated material NW1 after joining, the phenol resin exists only in the vicinity of the boundary surface with respect to the thickness direction of the oil palm single plate W and does not permeate into the central portion. The amount of the state, or even when infiltrated, is much smaller than that near the interface. As a result, strong bonding strength can be obtained with a small amount of phenol resin, and a consolidated plywood with very little emission of formaldehyde from the adhesive can be constructed. In addition, the manufacturing cost of the consolidation plywood can be reduced by consolidation.

Here, the coating amount of the adhesive (phenol resin in the second embodiment) capable of obtaining practical bonding strength is 50 to 500 as the solid content of the adhesive with respect to one boundary surface. is preferably in the range of (g / ^{m 2),} it is more preferably within a range of 60~300 (g / ^{m 2).} Further, the adhesive may be applied only to one surface of the oil palm single plate W to be bonded to each other, or may be applied to both surfaces. In any case, the total amount of the adhesive with respect to one boundary surface is preferably in the range of ^{50 to 500 (g / m 2) in terms of solid content.}

Next, a plurality of oil palm single plates W coated with a phenol resin on the boundary surface are laminated to form a laminated material NW1 (see NW in FIG. 4) in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The combination when laminating the oil palm single plate W is also the same as in the first embodiment (see FIG. 3).

Next, each boundary surface of the laminated material NW1 is joined (consolidated). Here, the consolidation of the laminated material NW1 will be described. In the second embodiment, the same special consolidation device as in the first embodiment is required for consolidation of the laminated material NW1. However, in the second embodiment, since an adhesive is used, a hot press machine or the like used in the production of ordinary plywood can be utilized.

In the second embodiment, the laminated material NW1 in which a plurality of oil palm single plates W coated with a phenol resin on the boundary surface are laminated is heat-treated at a predetermined temperature, and the heated laminated material NW1 is subjected to heat treatment. A predetermined pressing force is applied from the stacking direction, that is, the direction perpendicular to the boundary surface to be joined, to perform the pressing process. By maintaining the heat treatment temperature and the pressing treatment pressure for a predetermined time, the boundary surfaces of the oil palm single plates W of the laminated material NW1 are joined to form a consolidation plywood PW1 (see PW in FIG. 4).

As described above, instead of pressing the heated laminate NW1, first, the pressing process (cold pressure treatment) before heating is performed, and then the cooled laminate is performed. The NW1 may be heated to a predetermined temperature for heat treatment.

As the joining conditions in the second embodiment, first, the predetermined temperature of the heat treatment is not particularly limited, but when the above-mentioned consolidation device MC is used, it may be the same as the above-mentioned first embodiment. Good. However, in the second embodiment, it is preferable that the temperature is higher than the reaction temperature of the adhesive used. Generally, the predetermined temperature of the heat treatment is, for example, in the temperature range of 80 to 180 ° C., preferably in the temperature range of 130 to 180 ° C. In the second embodiment, as described above, since the phenol resin was used without using the acid catalyst in combination, the heat treatment temperature is preferably in the temperature range of 140 to 180 ° C.

On the other hand, the time for maintaining this temperature range is appropriately selected depending on the number and thickness of the single plates to be joined, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 minute to 60 minutes, for example. Is in the range of 5 to 30 minutes.

Further, the predetermined pressure applied from the direction perpendicular to the boundary surface to be joined is appropriately selected depending on the number and thickness of the single plates to be joined, and is not particularly limited, but the above-mentioned consolidation device MC may be used. When used, it may be the same as the above-mentioned first embodiment. The value of the air-dry density after joining may be controlled by the compression thickness calculated in advance.

Next, after the boundary surfaces of the laminated material NW1 are joined, the pressing processing pressure is released to obtain a consolidation plywood PW1. Here, the pressure processing pressure is released by lowering the temperature of the consolidated plywood PW1 after joining while maintaining the pressing processing pressure to cool the consolidated plywood PW1, and then releasing the pressing processing pressure (cooling decompression). It may be. Further, the pressing processing pressure may be released (high temperature decompression) while maintaining the heat treatment temperature with respect to the consolidated plywood PW1 after joining, and then cooled. In these cases, it is preferable to depressurize the pressing processing pressure (high temperature depressurizing) while maintaining the heat treatment temperature because the processing time is shortened and the manufacturing cost of the consolidated plywood PW1 is reduced as compared with the cooling depressurizing.

Here, in the second embodiment, the interface of each oil palm single plate W is firmly bonded by the reaction of the phenol resin. The reason why the oil palm single plate W is bonded with a small amount of phenol resin as described above is not clear, but the resin components and sugars contained in the trunk material of the oil palm, that is, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, free sugar ( Mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.), and each component of starch reacts with the methylol group (formaldehyde group) of the phenol resin to firmly bond them, and contributes to the improvement of the physical properties of the compacted plywood PW1 itself. It is thought that there is.

Hereinafter, the consolidation plywood according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Example 2. In the second embodiment, the value of the air-drying density after consolidation of the consolidation plywood PW is changed to three levels within the range ^{of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm 3), and the air-drying of the consolidation plywood PW is performed.} The value of the density, the bending Young's modulus, and the performance of the Class 1 immersion peeling test (a test method stricter than that of the first embodiment) were confirmed.

A. Preparation of Oil Palm Single Plate W In the same manner as in Example 1 above, a plurality of oil palm single plates W were prepared by peeling and drying the same oil palm trunk material WD using a rotary lace to peel off the wig. The dimensions of these oil palm single plates W are about 5 mm in thickness, about 300 mm in length, and about 200 mm in width, and both those having the fiber direction (wood grain direction) in the length direction and those having the width direction are prepared. did. The value of the air-dry density of each oil palm single plate W before consolidation was about 0.35 (g / cm ³ ).

B. Application of Phenol Resin to the Surface of Oil Palm Single Plate W In Example 2, phenol resin HP3000A (manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Industry Co., Ltd.) was used as the bonding component (adhesive). The solid content (resin component) of this phenol resin HP3000A was about 70 (% by weight), and its viscosity was 115 (mPa · s / 25 ° C.).

In Example 2, the phenol resin HP3000A was applied to only one surface of the oil palm single plate W by brush coating without using a catalyst and maintaining the initial viscosity without diluting. The coating amount of the phenol resin HP3000A was 160 (g / m ^{2 ), which was 112 (g / m 2} ) when converted to the solid content (resin component). Each oil palm single plate W after application was sufficiently cured.

C. Preparation of Laminated Material NW1 In the second embodiment, a plurality of laminated materials NW1 were prepared by combining five oil palm single plates W after applying the phenol resin HP3000A. These laminated materials NW1 were laminated so as to intersect (substantially orthogonally) the fiber directions with each other, and consisted of five layers (thickness of about 25 mm).

D. Consolidation Each laminated material NW1 prepared in this way was consolidated using the above-mentioned consolidation device MC in the same manner as in Example 1 above. In Example 2, it was decided to obtain a plurality of consolidated plywood PWs having different air-dry density values from the same material. The consolidation temperature (set temperature) at this time was set to 180 ° C. as in Example 1 above. Here, the heat treatment temperature is set to 180 ° C. because a high temperature treatment is required because the phenol resin HP3000A is not used in combination with a catalyst.

In the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, steam of the same temperature was used in combination after raising the temperature to the set temperature, and the treatment time (maintenance time) was unified to 30 minutes. In addition, the press pressure after raising the temperature to the set temperature was unified to ^{50 kg / cm 2.} After the consolidation treatment for 30 minutes, the temperature was cooled to room temperature, and then the press pressure was released to complete the consolidation. The value of the air-dry density after consolidation was controlled by the compression thickness calculated in advance. In this way, a series of consolidated plywood PWs (No. 4 to 6) were obtained. Table 1 shows the thickness and air-dry density values of each consolidated plywood PW (No. 4 to 6). In each of the boundary surfaces of the obtained consolidated plywood PW1, a large amount of phenol resin was present only in the vicinity of the boundary surface with respect to the thickness direction of the oil palm single plate W, and almost penetrated into the central portion. I confirmed that there was no such thing.

E. Evaluation of Physical Properties Next, various physical properties of each consolidated plywood PW1 manufactured in Example 2 were measured, and how these physical properties were affected by the value of the air-dry density of the consolidated plywood PW1 was evaluated. .. The evaluation items were two items, "bending Young's modulus, etc." of the consolidation plywood PW1 and "peeling of the joint portion due to immersion". Hereinafter, each evaluation item and evaluation result will be described.

a. Bending Young's modulus, etc .:
The bending strength was measured for each of the above-mentioned consolidated plywoods PW1 (No. 4 to 6), and the strength physical properties such as the bending Young's modulus were measured. Specifically, the bending Young's modulus (GPa), bending strength (MPa), and strain energy (J) were calculated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the values such as the bending Young's modulus obtained for each consolidation plywood PW1.

b. Peeling of joints due to immersion:
Each of the above-mentioned consolidated plywoods PW1 (No. 4 to 6) was evaluated by the "Class 1 immersion peeling test" specified in Appendix 3 (3) of the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS). First, a test piece having a length direction of 75 mm and a width direction of 75 mm was prepared from each consolidated plywood PW1, and the test piece was immersed in boiling water for 4 hours and then dried in an atmosphere of 60 ° C. ± 3 ° C. for 20 hours. Further, the test piece was immersed in boiling water again for 4 hours and then dried in an atmosphere of 60 ° C. ± 3 ° C. for 3 hours. As a result, all of the consolidated plywood PW1 conform to this standard (without peeling), and Table 2 shows the presence (x) and no (◯) of peeling.

As can be seen from Table 2, the values of the bending Young's modulus were excellent for the three consolidated plywood PWs (No. 4 to 6) having an air-dry density value of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ^3). It can be seen that it has rigidity. These values are superior to those of ordinary Lauan plywood. In addition, all three consolidated plywood PWs (Nos. 4 to 6) have passed the strict Class 1 immersion peeling test, indicating that the lamination strength is good.

From the above, according to the present invention of the first embodiment, new industrial waste can be produced by effectively using the trunk material of oil palm, which has been left unused until now, as the original wood material. It is possible to provide a consolidated plywood that does not produce, has a particularly high Young's modulus among various physical properties, has excellent rigidity, and can be used in a wide range of applications as a substitute for hard wood.

Third Embodiment:
The third embodiment relates to a consolidation plywood composed of an oil palm single plate and a single plate of another tree species, and is the outermost single plate (single on both the front and back sides) of each single plate constituting the laminated material of the consolidation plywood. As the board), a single board formed by rotary lace from the trunk material of another tree species (in this third embodiment, acacia mangium was used) was used instead of the oil palm single board. Other conditions such as the manufacturing process, the type and coating amount of the adhesive, the air-dry density, and the evaluation of physical properties were carried out in the same manner as in the second embodiment. The consolidated plywood according to the third embodiment has acacia mangium wood grain and luster expressed on both the front and back surfaces, and is a consolidated plywood with excellent aesthetics. Further, on each boundary surface of the single plate constituting the consolidated plywood, there are a bonding component (described above) contained inside the oil palm material and another bonding component (adhesive) added from the outside. It is joined by the synergistic action of. Although details of specific examples and evaluation results thereof are omitted here, good rigidity and other physical characteristics results were obtained as in the second embodiment.

Fourth Embodiment:
The fourth embodiment relates to a consolidation plywood composed of only an oil palm single plate, and is formed on a surface (both front and back surfaces) of the outermost layer of each of the single plates constituting the laminated material of the consolidation plywood. Also, an adhesive (phenol resin in the fourth embodiment) is applied. Other conditions such as the manufacturing process, the type and coating amount of the adhesive, the air-dry density, and the evaluation of physical properties were carried out in the same manner as in the second embodiment. Therefore, in the consolidation plywood according to the fourth embodiment, the phenol resin is applied to all of the boundary surface of each single plate constituting the laminated material and the surface of the laminated material (the surface not forming the boundary surface). Consolidation is being carried out at. In addition, the surface effect of the phenol resin applied to the surface of the laminated material appears. Further, in the manufacturing process, the bonding component contained in the oil palm material does not stick to the surface of the press machine of the consolidation device MC described above, and the manufacturing is excellent. Although details of specific examples and evaluation results thereof are omitted here, good results were obtained as in the second embodiment.

In carrying out the present invention, not only the above-described embodiments but also various modifications as follows can be mentioned.
(1) In each of the above embodiments, a rotary lace is used when forming an oil palm single plate from an oil palm trunk material, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, lumber may be sawn by a sawn plate. ..
(2) In each of the above embodiments, five oil palm single plates are laminated, but the present invention is not limited to this, and two to four oil palm single plates or six or more oil palm single plates are laminated. It may be consolidated.
(3) In each of the above embodiments, the laminated material is constructed by laminating so that the fiber directions of the oil palm single plate intersect (substantially orthogonally) with each other, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the fibers of the oil palm single plate are not limited thereto. You may stack them so that the directions are parallel to each other. Further, the fiber directions of the oil palm single plate may be crossed at an arbitrary angle other than the orthogonal direction and laminated.
(4) In each of the above embodiments, the laminated material is constructed by laminating the oil palm single plates so as to intersect (substantially orthogonally) the fiber directions of the oil palm single plate, but the laminated material is not limited to this, and the laminated material is composed of multiple layers. Only the vicinity of the surface layer may be laminated. For example, in the case of forming a laminated material composed of seven layers, the fiber directions of only two layers may be crossed from both the front and back surfaces, and the three inner layers may be laminated in parallel.
(5) In the first embodiment, when the laminated material is treated at a predetermined temperature, high-temperature steam is also used, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a liquid is contained in the treatment space (internal space IS). The water may be supplied and consolidated by the water vapor generated from the water, or may be consolidated by the water contained in the oil palm single plate in the thermal pressure treatment.
(6) In the second embodiment, phenol resin is used as an adhesive for each single plate, but the present invention is not limited to this, and oil palm single plates or oil palm single plates and other tree species single plates can be used. Any material that can be joined may be used. Examples of the adhesive other than the phenol resin include synthetic resins such as urea resin, melamine resin, furan resin, urethane resin and epoxy resin, and natural resins such as shellac.
(7) In the second embodiment, the adhesive is applied to all the boundary surfaces of each single plate, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the adhesive may be applied only to a part of the boundary surfaces. Good.
(8) In the second embodiment, a special consolidation device is used for consolidation, but the present invention is not limited to this, and in the second embodiment, a normal hot press machine may be used. ..
(9) In the third embodiment, two acacia mangium single plates are used for laminating on both the front and back surfaces of the laminated material, but the present invention is not limited to this, and single plates of other tree species are used. It may be used to produce compacted plywood.
(10) In the third embodiment, the adhesive (in this case, phenol resin) covers the entire boundary surface of each single plate constituting the laminated material and the surface of the laminated material (surface not forming the boundary surface). However, it is not limited to this, and the adhesive should be applied only to the surface of the laminated material (the surface that does not form the boundary surface), and the adhesive should not be applied to the boundary surface of each single plate. It may be.

WD ... Oil palm trunk material, CT ... Cutlery, UWD ... Oil palm continuous release plate,
W, W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 ... Oil palm single plate,
NW ... Laminated material, PW ... Consolidation plywood,
MC ... Consolidation device, 10 ... Press machine, 10A ... Upper press machine, 10B ... Lower press machine,
IS ... Internal space, 18 ... Positioning hole.

Claims (7)

It is a consolidation plywood that is a consolidation of a laminated material made of multiple single plates formed from oil palm material.
At least one boundary surface of each boundary surface of each single plate constituting the laminated material has a bonding component contained inside the oil palm material and another bonding component added from the outside, and these are present. It is bonded by the synergistic action of the bonding components of
The amount of the other bonding component added to the boundary surface of the laminated material is in the range of ^{60 to 112 (g / m 2), with the total amount relative to one boundary surface as the solid content.}
The value of the air-dry density after consolidation is in the range of 0.7 to 1.1 (g / cm ³ ) , and the value of the bending Young's modulus is 7.2 to 14.9 (GPa) . A consolidation plywood characterized by being within range. The compacted plywood according to claim 1, wherein another single plate formed from a tree species other than the oil palm material is laminated and compacted on at least one layer of the outermost layer of the laminated material. At the boundary surface where the bonding component contained in the oil palm material and other bonding component added from the outside are present.
The compacted plywood according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the amount of the other bonding component present in the central portion in the thickness direction of the single plate is smaller or absent than the amount present in the vicinity of the boundary surface. .. Claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the other bonding components are not added to the surface of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate. The compaction plywood according to any one. Claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the other bonding component is added to the surface of each single plate or other single plate constituting the laminated material exposed on the surface of the outermost single plate. The compaction plywood according to any one. Any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein each single plate is formed by peeling the trunk material of the oil palm from the outer circumference to a predetermined thickness by a rotary race while rotating the trunk material in the circumferential direction. Consolidation plywood as described in. The compacted plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the plywood conforms to the criteria of "Class 1 immersion peeling test" specified in Appendix 3 (3) of the Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS).

Images