JP6783240B2 - 生体内内視鏡的組織同定機器 - Google Patents
生体内内視鏡的組織同定機器 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願特許は、2015年3月6日に出願された英国特許出願第1503876.3号、2015年3月6日に出願された英国特許出願第1503864.9号、2015年10月16日に出願された英国特許出願第1518369.2号、2015年3月6日に出願された英国特許出願第1503877.1号、2015年3月6日に出願された英国特許出願第1503867.2号、2015年3月6日に出願された英国特許出願第1503863.1号、2015年3月6日に出願された英国特許出願第1503878.9号、2015年3月6日に出願された英国特許出願第1503879.7号、および、2015年9月9日に出願された英国特許出願第1516003.9号の優先権および利益を請求する。これらの特許出願の内容全体は参照することにより本願に援用される。
チューブまたはハウジング内に配置された第1装置を含むツールであって、チューブまたはハウジングは、ツール展開開口部および1つまたは複数の別個の吸引ポートを含む、ツールを提供することと、
第1装置を使用して、ターゲットの1つまたは複数の領域においてエアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気を生成することと、
所望により、ターゲットの1つまたは複数の領域から、化学的、物理的、撮像、質量スペクトロメトリー、イオン移動度、または他のデータを取得すること、
を含む分析方法が提供される。
チューブまたはハウジング内に配置された1つまたは複数の電極を含む電気手術ツールであって、チューブまたはハウジングは、ツール展開開口部および1つまたは複数の別個の吸引ポートを含む、電気手術ツールを提供すること、
を含む、急速蒸発イオン化質量分析法(「REIMS」)の方法が提供される。
チューブまたはハウジング内に配置された第1装置を含むツールであって、チューブまたはハウジングは、ツール展開開口部および1つまたは複数の別個の吸引ポートを含むツール、を含む分析装置が提供される。
チューブまたはハウジング内に配置された1つまたは複数の電極を含む電気手術ツールであって、チューブまたはハウジングは、ツール展開開口部および1つまたは複数の別個の吸引ポートを含む、電気手術ツール、を含む、急速蒸発イオン化質量分析法(「REIMS」)を実施するための装置が提供される。
チューブまたはハウジング内に配置された1つまたは複数の電極を含む急速蒸発イオン化質量分析(「REIMS」)電気手術ツールであって、チューブまたはハウジングは、ツール展開開口部および1つまたは複数の別個の吸引ポートを含む、急速蒸発イオン化質量分析電気手術ツールを提供することと、
生体組織を電気手術ツールに接触させ、次に手術ツールを活性化させて検体、スモーク、煙霧、液体、気体、サージカルスモーク、エアロゾル、または蒸気を発生させることと、
検体、スモーク、煙霧、液体、ガス、サージカルスモーク、エアロゾル、または蒸気を1つまたは複数の吸引ポートを通して吸引することと、
検体イオンを形成するために、検体、スモーク、煙霧、液体、ガス、サージカルスモーク、エアロゾル、または蒸気を、質量分析計の真空チャンバ内に配置された衝突表面に対して衝突させることと、
検体イオンを質量分析および/またはイオン移動度分析することと、
を含む電気外科の方法が提供される。
チューブまたはハウジング内に配置された1つまたは複数の電極を含む急速蒸発イオン化質量分析(「REIMS」)電気手術ツールであって、管材またはハウジングは、ツール展開開口部および1つまたは複数の別個の吸引ポートを含む、急速蒸発イオン化質量分析電気手術ツールと、
使用時に電気手術ツールが生体組織と接触した状態にあるとき電気手術ツールを活性化させ、それにより検体、スモーク、煙霧、液体、ガス、サージカルスモーク、エアロゾル、または蒸気を発生させるよう構成および適応された装置と、
検体、スモーク、煙霧、液体、ガス、サージカルスモーク、エアロゾル、または蒸気を1つまたは複数の吸引ポートを通して吸引するよう構成および適応された装置と、
(i)質量分析計の真空チャンバ内に配置された衝突表面であって、使用時、検体、スモーク、煙霧、液体、ガス、サージカルスモーク、エアロゾル、または蒸気が衝突表面に対して衝突し、それにより検体イオンが形成される、衝突表面、および、(ii)検体イオンを質量分析および/またはイオン移動度分析するための質量アナライザおよび/またはイオン移動度セパレータ、を含む質量分析計と、
を含む電気手術装置が提供される。
モデル空間内における1つまたは複数の試料スペクトルに対する1つまたは複数の投影された試料点と、モデル空間内における1つまたは複数の基準試料スペクトル、値、境界、線、平面、超平面、分散、体積、ヴォロノイセル、または位置に対する、1セットの1つまたは複数の基準点と、の間の距離が、距離閾値よりも小さいこと、または最小の係る距離であることと、
モデル空間内における1つまたは複数の試料スペクトルに対する1つまたは複数の投影された試料点に対する位置が、モデル空間内における1つまたは複数の基準試料スペクトル、値、境界、直線、平面、超平面、または位置に対する1つまたは複数の基準点の一方の側かまたは他方の側にあることと、
モデル空間内における1つまたは複数の試料スペクトルに対する1つまたは複数の投影された試料点に対する位置が、モデル空間内における1つまたは複数の体積またはヴォロノイセル内にあることと、
確率または分類スコアが、確率または分類スコア閾値を越えるか、または最も高い係る確率または分類スコアであることと、
のうちの1つまたは複数を含み得る。
様々な実施形態によれば、装置が、エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気を、ターゲット(例えば生体内組織)の1つまたは複数の領域から発生されるために使用される。この装置は、天然または未変更のターゲットから検体エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気を発生させる能力により特徴付けられたアンビエントイオン化イオン源を含み得る。例えば他種類のイオン源(例えばマトリックス支援レーザ脱離質量分析(「MALDI」)イオン源など)では、イオン化の前にマトリクスまたは試薬が試料に添加されることが必要である。
図1では急速蒸発イオン化質量分析(「REIMS」)の方法が示されており、この方法では、バイポーラ鉗子1が患者3の生体内組織2と接触させられ得る。図1で図示される事例では、バイポーラ鉗子1は、患者の脳に対する外科手術の間に、患者3の脳組織2と接触させられ得る。RF電圧発電機4からのRF電圧がバイポーラ鉗子1に印加され得、それにより、組織2の局所的なジュール加熱またはジアテルミー加熱が生じることとなる。その結果、エアロゾルまたは手術プルーム5が発生する。次に、エアロゾルまたは手術プルーム5は、バイポーラ鉗子1の洗滌ポートを通して捕捉または別様に吸引され得る。したがって、バイポーラ鉗子1の洗滌ポートは吸引ポートとして再利用される。次に、エアロゾルまたは手術プルーム5は、バイポーラ鉗子1の洗滌(吸引)ポートからチューブ6(例えば1/8”または3.2mm直径のテフロン(登録商標)チューブ)に通され得る。チューブ6は、エアロゾルまたは手術プルーム5を質量分析計8および/またはイオン移動度スペクトロメータの大気圧境界面7に伝達するよう構成される。
消化器(「GI」)ガンは世界中のガン関連死の23%を占める。発生率が増加しているにもかかわらず、ガンに起因する死亡は近年の40年にわたり減少しつつある。一方それにもかかわらず、係る死亡のうちのさらに30〜40%が潜在的に予防することが可能であると推定される。正確な病気診断および早期治療が、ガンの結果を改善することにおける主要な要因である。
上記で記載の実験のために、約2300mmの作業長さ、約2.8mmの最小チャネルサイズ、約15mmの開口部直径、および約0.47mmのワイヤ厚さを有する市販のポリープ切除スネア(Olumpus(登録商標)モデル番号SD−210U−15)が、組織蒸発点と、質量分析計8(Xevo G2−S(登録商標)Q−TOF、Waters(登録商標)、英国、マンチェスター、および、LTQ Velos(登録商標)リニアイオントラップ質量分析計、Thermo Fischer Scientific(登録商標)、ドイツ国、ブレーメン))の大気圧入口7との間の1/8”OD2mmID PFTEチューブ6との接続を確立するために、追加的T型ピース32に装備された。
例えば、複数の基準試料スペクトルの多変量解析を使用して分類モデルを構築する方法について、ここで説明する。
D=SLT+E (1)
Z=SU (2)
式中、行列ZはLDA空間に変換されたスコアを含む。
V’g=UTVgU (3)
式中、Vgは、PCA空間におけるクラス共分散行列である。
SgU=zg (4)
式中SgはPCA空間におけるクラス平均位置である。
例えば、分類モデルを詩よして、エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気試料を分類する方法について、ここで説明する。
dXL=sX (5)
sxU=Zx (6)
(zx−zg)T(V’g)−1(zx−zg) (7)
データベクトルdxは、この距離が最小となるクラスに割り当てられ得る。
例えば、複数の入力基準試料スペクトルを使用して分類ライブラリを構築する方法について、ここで説明する。
例えば、エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気試料を分類するために分類ライブラリを使用する方法について、ここで説明する。
試料からエアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気を発生させるためのアンビエントイオン源を含む比較的拡大および最小化されたプローブを含むツール(すなわち上述の内視鏡と同様)が手術または医療環境外で応用され得ることも認識されてきた。
Claims (16)
- チューブまたはハウジング内に配置された第1装置を含むツールであって、前記チューブまたは前記ハウジングは、ツール展開開口部と、1つまたは複数の別個の吸引ポートと、を含む、ツールと、
前記第1装置を用いて発生させた前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気を、前記1つまたは複数の吸引ポートを通して吸引するように構成および適応された装置と、
質量分析計および/またはイオン移動度スペクトロメータと、を含む分析装置であって、
前記装置は、
前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気を前記質量分析計および/またはイオン移動度スペクトロメータの真空チャンバに通すよう構成および適応されたチューブと、
前記質量分析計および/またはイオン移動度スペクトロメータの真空チャンバ内に配置された衝突表面と、
前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気にマトリクスを添加するよう構成および適応された装置であって、前記マトリクスは使用時に、前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気が前記衝突表面に対して衝突する前に、前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気に添加される、装置と、
をさらに含む分析装置。 - 前記第1装置は、レーザ装置を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第1装置は、(i)急速蒸発イオン化質量分析(「REIMS」)イオン源、(ii)脱離エレクトロスプレーイオン化(「DESI」)イオン源、(iii)レーザ脱離質量分析(「LD」)イオン源、(iv)熱脱離イオン源、(v)レーザダイオード熱脱離(「LDTD」)イオン源、(vi)脱離電子流集束(「DEFFI」)イオン源、(vii)誘電体バリア放電(「DBD」)プラズマイオン源、(viii)大気圧固体試料分析プローブ(「ASAP」)イオン源、(ix)超音波支援スプレーイオン化イオン源、(x)簡易アンビエント音波スプレーイオン化(「EASI」)イオン源、(xi)脱離大気圧光イオン化(「DAPPI」)イオン源、(xii)ペーパースプレー(「PS」)イオン源、(xiii)ジェット脱離イオン化(「JeDI」)イオン源、(xiv)タッチスプレー(「TS」)イオン源、(xv)ナノDESIイオン源、(xvi)レーザアブレーションエレクトロスプレー(「LAESI」)イオン源、(xvii)リアルタイム直接質量分析(「DART」)イオン源、(xviii)探針エレクトロスプレーイオン化(「PESI」)イオン源、(xix)固体プローブ支援エレクトロスプレーイオン化(「SPA−ESI」)イオン源、(xx)キャビトロン超音波外科用吸引(「CUSA」)装置、(xxi)収束または非収束の超音波アブレーション装置、(xxii)マイクロ波超音波共鳴装置、および、(xxiii)パルスプラズマRF切開装置、からなる群より選択されたイオン源などのアンビエントイオン源を含む、
請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記第1装置は1つまたは複数の電極を含み、所望により前記一つまたはそれ以上の電極はスネアまたはポリープ切除スネアを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第1装置は、
(i)前記チューブもしくは前記ハウジングから拡張可能な、および/または前記チューブもしくは前記ハウジング内に格納可能な、電極、所望によりニードル電極、
(ii)前記チューブもしくは前記ハウジングから拡張可能な、および/または前記チューブもしくは前記ハウジング内に格納可能な、レーザ放射を組織または他の表面上に誘導するための光ファイバ、
(iii)アルゴンプラズマ凝固装置もしくはハイブリッド型アルゴンプラズマ凝固装置、または、
(iv)ウォータージェット装置もしくはハイドロサージカルもしくは手術用ウォータージェット装置、
のうちのいずれかを含む、
請求項1に記載の装置。 - 使用時、最初に、前記第1装置が前記チューブ内または前記ハウジング内に少なくとも部分的に格納された状態で前記ツールは展開される、請求項1〜請求項5のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1装置は、使用時、前記第1装置が前記ツール展開開口部を越えて少なくとも部分的に延長するよう、展開される、請求項1〜請求項6のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、内視鏡をさらに含み、前記内視鏡は、気管支鏡、膀胱鏡、鼻腔鏡、または鼻鏡を含む、請求項1〜請求項7のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記ツールは、使用時、前記内視鏡に設けられたポートを通して展開される、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、前記1つまたは複数の吸引ポートを通して前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気を、実質的に連続的な様式で吸引するよう構成および適応されている、請求項1〜請求項9のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、前記1つまたは複数の吸引ポートを通して前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気を、パルス状の、非連続的な、または不規則的な様式で吸引するよう構成および適応される、請求項1〜請求項9のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記衝突表面を加熱するよう構成および適応された加熱装置をさらに含む、請求項1〜請求項11のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記マトリクスは、(i)前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気に対する溶媒、(ii)有機溶媒、(iii)揮発性化合物、(iv)極性分子、(v)水、(vi)1つまたは複数のアルコール、(vii)メタノール、(viii)エタノール、(ix)イソプロパノール、(x)アセトン、および、(xi)アセトニトリル、からなる群より選択される、マトリクスを含む、請求項1〜請求項12のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記ツールのユーザに対してリアルタイム情報を提供するよう構成および適応された装置をさらに含み、前記情報は質量スペクトル情報および/または組織分類情報を含む、請求項1〜請求項13のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 望ましくないターゲット領域またはエリアからの組織または他の物質が質量分析および/またはイオン移動度分析されている旨の、前記ツールのユーザに対するフィードバック、および/またはアラーム、および/またはアラートを生成するよう構成および適応された装置、および/または、
前記ツールが、望ましくないターゲット領域またはエリアで動作中であるか、または望ましくないターゲット領域またはエリアに配置されている場合に、前記ツールに対する電力を低減または停止するよう構成および適応された装置、
をさらに含む、請求項1〜請求項14のうちのいずれか1項に記載の装置。 - (i)単変量解析、(ii)多変量解析、(iii)主成分分析(PCA)、(iv)線形判別分析(LDA)、(v)最大マージン基準(MMC)、(vi)ライブラリに基づく解析、(vii)ソフト・インディペンデント・モデリング・オブ・クラス・アナロジー(SIMCA)、(viii)因子分析(FA)、(ix)再帰分割(決定木)、(x)ランダムフォレスト、(xi)独立成分解析(ICA)、(xii)部分最小二乗法判別分析(PLS−DA)、(xiii)潜在構造に対する直交(部分的最小2乗)射影(OPLS)、(xiv)OPLS判別分析(OPLS−DA)、(xv)サポート・ベクトル・マシン(SVM)、(xvi)(人工)ニューラルネットワーク、(xvii)多層パーセプトロン、(xviii)放射基底関数(RBF)ネットワーク、(xix)ベイズ解析、(xx)クラスタ解析、(xxi)カーネル法、および、(xxii)部分空間判別分析、のうちの1つまたは複数を使用して、前記1つまたは複数の試料スペクトルを分析して、前記エアロゾル、スモーク、または蒸気試料を分類する装置をさらに含む、請求項1〜請求項15のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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WO2016142693A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
JP2018517120A (ja) | 2018-06-28 |
CN107530065A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
GB2555921B (en) | 2021-09-15 |
KR102092047B1 (ko) | 2020-03-24 |
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