JP6685362B2 - 発光ダイオードおよびこれを備える発光装置 - Google Patents
発光ダイオードおよびこれを備える発光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6685362B2 JP6685362B2 JP2018195069A JP2018195069A JP6685362B2 JP 6685362 B2 JP6685362 B2 JP 6685362B2 JP 2018195069 A JP2018195069 A JP 2018195069A JP 2018195069 A JP2018195069 A JP 2018195069A JP 6685362 B2 JP6685362 B2 JP 6685362B2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 44
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYHJXGDMRRJCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) tin(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].[Sn+4].[In+3] TYHJXGDMRRJCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
A:M1:M2…(1)
A:M1:M2…(1)
A:M1:M2…(1)
酢酸亜鉛(Zn(CH3COO)2)、CuSO4、MnCl2の混合物を、Na2S水溶液に混合し、ZnS:Mn:Cu(ZnSに対するMnとCuのドープ量は、0.1〜1.0重量%)ナノ粒子を合成した。酢酸亜鉛(1M)、CuSO4とMnCl2(0.1M)の水溶液を、70℃で滅菌された超純水(autoclaved D.I.water)に添加した。コンデンサーを通してN2を提供し、内部大気条件を維持しながら、マグネチック撹拌機を用いて激しく攪拌した。続いて1Mのメルカプロエタノールを混合物に添加し、さらに20分間攪拌した。最後に、Zn:Sが1:1のモル比を有するように、Na2Sを反応混合物に添加して、ZnS:Mn:Cu の沈殿物を得た。同じ条件下で、反応混合物を1時間還流させた。生成された沈殿物を、超純水で繰り返し洗浄し、20分間遠心分離(15、000rpm)させた。メタノールを利用した最終洗浄過程を行い、粒子に残留する有機成分および他の不純物を取り除いた。上澄み液を取り除き、沈殿物をチューブ内に保管して、常温で一晩乾燥させた。乾燥された沈殿物を研磨して微細粉末を得た後、以後の分析のために保管した。
合成例1で銅の前駆体に用いられたCuSO4に代わり、ニッケル前駆体であるNi(NO3)2を用いたことを除いて、合成例1の手順を繰り返し、ZnS:Mn:Niナノ粒子を合成した。
合成例1で銅の前駆体に用いられたCuSO4に代わり、ユウロピウム前駆体であるEuCl3を用いたことを除いて、合成例1の手順を繰り返し、ZnS:Mn:Euナノ粒子を合成した。
合成例1によって製造されたZnS:Mn:Cuナノ粒子を正孔輸送層に適用し、発光ダイオードを作製した。ITOガラスの発光面積が3mm×3mmのサイズになるよう、パターニングした後、洗浄した。続いて、次のような順序で発光層および陰極を積層した。正孔注入層(HIL、PEDOT:PSS,スピンコート(4000rpm、45秒)、20〜40nm)、第1正孔輸送層(HTL1、TFB(トルエンに分散)、スピンコート(2000rpm、45秒)、10〜30nm)、第2正孔輸送層(HTL2、ZnS:Mn:Cu(エタノールに分散)、スピンコート(2000rpm、45秒)、10〜30nm)、発光物質層(EML、InP/ZnS(ヘキサンに分散)、スピンコート(2000rpm、45秒)、10〜30nm)、電子輸送層(ETL、ET048(ピレン系)、熱蒸着、30〜50nm)、電子注入層(EIL、LiF、熱蒸着、10〜30nm)、陰極(Al、熱蒸着、80nm)。
合成例2によって製造されたZnS:Mn:Niナノ粒子を第2正孔輸送層に使用したことを除き、実施例1の手順を繰り返して発光ダイオードを作製した。
合成例3によって製造されたZnS:Mn:Euナノ粒子を第2正孔輸送層に使用したことを除き、実施例1の手順を繰り返して発光ダイオードを作製した。
第2正孔輸送層を積層せず、TFBからなる第1正孔輸送層のみを適用したことを除き、実施例1の手順を繰り返して発光ダイオードを作製した。
実施例1ないし実施例3と、比較例でそれぞれ製造された発光ダイオードを、外部の電力供給源に連結し、一定の電流供給源(KEITHLEY)および光度計PR650を用いて、本発明で製造された全素子のEL特性を、室温で評価した。具体的に、実施例1ないし実施例3と、比較例でそれぞれ作製された発光ダイオードの駆動電圧(V)、電流密度(mA/cm2)、外部量子効率(external quantum efficiency、EQE)を測定した。駆動電圧およびEQEの測定結果を表1に示し、発光ダイオードの電圧−電流密度を図7に示す。
Claims (23)
- 互いに対向する第1電極および第2電極と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に位置する正孔移動層と、
前記第1電極と前記正孔移動層との間、または前記第2電極と前記正孔移動層との間に位置する発光物質層と、
を含み、
前記正孔移動層は、下記の化学式1で示される無機化合物を含み、
A:M1:M2…(1)
化学式1において、Aは、II−VI族の半導体ナノ粒子であり、M1とM2は、前記Aにドープされた金属陽イオンであって、互いに相異し、
M 1 は、遷移金属陽イオンであり、
M 2 は、遷移金属陽イオンおよびランタン族金属陽イオンで構成される群から選択される金属陽イオンである、
発光ダイオード。 - 前記M1 は、Ni 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Cu + 、Cu 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Y 3+ 、およびCd 2+ からなる群から選択される金属陽イオンであり、
前記M2は、Ni2+、Mn2+、Cu+、Cu2+、Co2+、Eu3+、Ce3+、Er3+、Tb3+、Nd3+、Y3+、Cd2+およびSm3+からなる群から選択される金属陽イオンである、
請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。 - 前記正孔移動層は、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に位置する正孔注入層と、前記正孔注入層と前記第2電極との間に位置し、前記化学式1で示される無機化合物からなる正孔輸送層と、を含む、請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記正孔注入層と前記第2電極との間に位置する前記正孔輸送層は、
前記正孔注入層と前記第2電極との間に位置し、有機素材からなる第1正孔輸送層と、
前記第1正孔輸送層と前記第2電極との間に位置し、前記化学式1で示される無機化合物からなる第2正孔輸送層と、
を含む、請求項3に記載の発光ダイオード。 - 前記正孔移動層は、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に位置する正孔注入層と、
前記正孔注入層と前記第1電極との間に位置し、前記化学式1で示される無機化合物からなる正孔輸送層と、
を含む、請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。 - 前記正孔注入層と前記第1電極との間に位置する前記正孔輸送層は、
前記正孔注入層と前記第1電極との間に位置し、有機素材からなる第1正孔輸送層と、
前記第1正孔輸送層と前記第1電極との間に位置し、前記化学式1で示される無機化合物からなる第2正孔輸送層と、
を含む、請求項5に記載の発光ダイオード。 - 前記Aは、ZnSからなる半導体ナノ粒子であり、
前記M 1 はMn 2+ であり、
前記M 2 は、Cu + 、Ni 2+ 、Eu 3+ のいずれか1つである、
請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。 - 前記発光物質層は、無機発光粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記無機発光粒子は、コア・シェル構造を有する、請求項8に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記化学式1におけるAは、前記シェルと同一の素材からなる、請求項9に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記化学式1におけるAは、ZnS、ZnSe、CdS、CdSe、CdZnSおよびこれらの組み合わせから構成される群から選択される半導体ナノ粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記化学式1におけるAは、前記発光物質層のHOMOエネルギー準位と同一の価電子帯エネルギー準位を持つ半導体ナノ粒子である、請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記M1と前記M2は、それぞれ0.05ないし50重量%を有する、請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記第1正孔輸送層は、前記正孔注入層のHOMOエネルギー準位と前記第2正孔輸送層の価電子帯エネルギー準位との間のHOMOエネルギー準位を持つ有機物を使用して形成される、請求項4または請求項6に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記発光物質層に隣接した少なくとも1つの励起子遮断層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記正孔移動層の価電子帯エネルギー準位は、M1の価電子帯エネルギー準位、M2の価電子帯エネルギー準位、Aの価電子帯エネルギー準位と順次低くなり、またはM2の価電子帯エネルギー準位、M1の価電子帯エネルギー準位、Aの価電子帯エネルギー準位と順次低くなる、請求項1に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 互いに対向する第1電極および第2電極と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に位置し、前記第1電極に隣接した第1電荷移動層と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に位置し、前記第2電極に隣接した第2電荷移動層と、
前記第1電荷移動層と前記第2電荷移動層との間に位置する発光物質層と、
を含み、
前記第1電荷移動層または前記第2電荷移動層は、下記の化学式1で示される無機化合物を含み、
A:M1:M2…(1)
化学式1において、Aは、II−VI族の半導体ナノ粒子であり、M1とM2は、前記Aにドープされた金属陽イオンであって、互いに相異し、
M 1 は、遷移金属陽イオンであり、
M 2 は、遷移金属陽イオンおよびランタン族金属陽イオンで構成される群から選択される金属陽イオンである、
発光ダイオード。 - 前記化学式1におけるAは、前記発光物質層のHOMOエネルギー準位と同一の価電子帯エネルギー準位を持つナノ無機粒子である、請求項17に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記発光物質層は、無機発光粒子を含む、請求項17に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記無機発光粒子は、コア・シェル構造を有する、請求項19に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記化学式1におけるAは、前記シェルと同一の素材からなる、請求項20に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 前記発光物質層に隣接した少なくとも1つの励起子遮断層をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の発光ダイオード。
- 基板と、
前記基板の上部に位置し、請求項1ないし請求項22のうち、いずれか一項に記載の発光ダイオードと、
前記基板と前記発光ダイオードとの間に位置し、前記発光ダイオードに接続される駆動素子と、
を含む、発光装置。
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