JP6627839B2 - エンジンの排気浄化制御装置 - Google Patents
エンジンの排気浄化制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6627839B2 JP6627839B2 JP2017195216A JP2017195216A JP6627839B2 JP 6627839 B2 JP6627839 B2 JP 6627839B2 JP 2017195216 A JP2017195216 A JP 2017195216A JP 2017195216 A JP2017195216 A JP 2017195216A JP 6627839 B2 JP6627839 B2 JP 6627839B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
- F01N3/225—Electric control of additional air supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0245—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by increasing temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
- F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
- F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
- F02P19/026—Glow plug actuation during engine operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
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- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
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Description
このようにすれば、精度よく吸蔵酸素減少速度を算出できる。
図1は、本実施形態のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置が適用されたエンジンシステム100の概略構成図である。
図2を用いて、エンジンシステムの制御系について説明する。車両には、主として尿素インジェクタ45を制御するためのDCU(Dosing Control Unit)300と、その他の各部を制御するためのPCM(Power−train Control Module)200と、が設けられている。PCM200およびDCU300は、それぞれ、CPU、ROM、RAM、I/F等から構成されるマイクロプロセッサである。本実施形態では、これらPCM200とDCU300とが、請求項における制御手段を構成する。
NOx触媒41に吸蔵されたNOx(以下、適宜、吸蔵NOxという)を還元してNOx触媒41から放出(離脱)させてNOx触媒41を再生するための制御であるDeNOx制御(再生制御)について説明する。
図4のフローチャートを用いて、燃料噴射の制御手順について説明する。
次に、尿素インジェクタ45の噴射制御について説明する。以下では、適宜、尿素インジェクタ45から噴射される尿素の量を、尿素噴射量という。前記のように、尿素インジェクタ45の噴射制御は、PCM200からの情報を得ながらDCU300が実施する。
前記のように、NOx還元時つまりDeNOx制御の実施時には、NOx触媒41からNH3が放出されてSCR触媒46に導入される。そのため、DeNOx制御の実施時の尿素噴射量を、DeNOx制御の非実施時(DeNOx制御を実施していない時)の尿素噴射量と同じ量にすると、SCR触媒46に供給されるNH3の量が過大となり、SCR触媒46よりも下流側にNH3がすり抜けるおそれがある。そこで、DeNOx制御時はDeNOx制御の非実施時よりも尿素噴射量を少なくする。
前記のように、DeNOx制御時にはNOx触媒41からSCR触媒46にNH3が導入される。そのため、DeNOx制御が終了した直後はSCR触媒46に多量のNH3が吸着されていることになる。従って、仮に、DeNOx制御の終了直後に即座に尿素噴射量を大幅に増大させてしまうと、SCR触媒46に供給されるNH3が過大になってNH3がSCR触媒46の下流側にすり抜けるおそれがある。
次に、吸蔵酸素減少速度の算出手順について説明する。
式(2)において、λは、排気ガスの空気過剰率である。本実施形態では、前記のように、DeNOx制御時の排気ガスの空気過剰率λの目標値が予め設定されているとともに、これが実現されるようにポスト噴射が実施されている。従って、式(2)における空気過剰率λはほぼこの目標値となるが、本実施形態では、燃料噴射量や気筒2に導入される空気量等から現在の排気ガスの空気過剰率λを算出して、この算出値を式(2)に用いる。
しかしながら、式(3)で得られる値X1と実際の吸蔵酸素減少速度とにはずれがあり、各補正係数α1、α2、α3は、このずれを補正するための係数である。以下では、「1−λ」で表されるパラメータを、空気不足幅と称して説明する。
前記ずれをより小さくするべく鋭意研究を行った結果、排気ガスの空気過剰率λを1以下にしたときにエンジン本体1から排出される還元剤であるCO,H2,THCの濃度は、図5に示すようになることが分かった。また、図5に示すように、排気ガスの空気過剰率λが1以下であっても、エンジン本体1から排出される排気ガスに酸素(O2)が含まれることが分かった。
また、本願発明者らは、NOx触媒41の温度および排気流量によっては、DeNOx制御時であっても、NOx触媒41に導入された全ての還元剤が酸化されないこと、また、NOx触媒41の温度および排気流量によって、DeNOx制御時においてNOx触媒41にて吸蔵酸素によって酸化される還元剤の割合が異なることを突き止めた。
前記のように、NOx触媒41では、導入される排気ガスの空気過剰率λが1近傍あるいは1より小さいリッチな状態にされることで、NOxが還元される。そのため、NOx触媒41内でNOxを還元するだけであれば、排気ガスの空気過剰率λは1近傍であってもよい。
次に、DeNOx制御時に、NOx触媒41から放出されるNH3量の推定手順について説明する。図9は、この手順を説明するための図である。
図15は、尿素噴射量の制御手順をまとめたフローチャートである。このフローチャートを用いて、尿素噴射量の制御の全体の流れを説明する。なお、図15は、SCR触媒46とNOx触媒41の両方でNOx浄化が行われているときの制御フローである。
以上のように、本実施形態では、DeNOx制御時は、尿素噴射量がDeNOx制御の非実施時よりも低減される。従って、DeNOx制御時において、SCR触媒46に供給されるNH3が過大になりこれがSCR触媒46の下流側にすり抜けるのを抑制できる。
前記実施形態では、DeNOx制御時に排気ガスの空気過剰率λを0.96あるいは0.98に制御する場合について説明したが、DeNOx制御時の排気ガスの空気過剰率λの具体的な値はこれに限らない。
40 排気通路
41 NOx触媒
45 尿素インジェクタ(SCR用還元剤供給手段)
46 SCR触媒
200 PCM(制御手段)
300 DCU(制御手段)
Claims (8)
- 気筒が形成されたエンジン本体と、当該エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスが流通する排気通路と、前記排気通路に設けられたNOx触媒と、当該NOx触媒の下流側に設けられたSCR触媒と、を有するエンジンの排気浄化制御装置であって、
排気ガスの空気過剰率を変更する空気過剰率変更手段と、
前記排気通路のうち前記NOx触媒と前記SCR触媒との間に、NH3の原料あるいはNH3からなるSCR用還元剤を供給するSCR用還元剤供給手段と、
前記空気過剰率変更手段と前記SCR用還元剤供給手段とを制御するとともに、前記空気過剰率変更手段によって排気ガスの空気過剰率を1以下にして前記NOx触媒を再生する再生制御を実施する制御手段とを備え、
前記制御手段は、前記再生制御時の排気ガスの空気過剰率が小さい場合は、大きい場合よりも前記SCR用還元剤供給手段から前記排気通路に供給されるSCR用還元剤の量が少なくなるように、且つ、前記再生制御時の排気ガスの空気過剰率が大きい方が、排気ガスの空気過剰率に対する前記SCR用還元剤の供給量の変化率が大きくなるように、前記SCR用還元剤供給手段を制御することを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置であって、
前記制御手段は、前記再生制御が終了してから所定の期間が経過するまでは、前記再生制御が終了してから前記所定の期間が経過した後よりも、前記SCR用還元剤供給手段から前記排気通路に供給される前記SCR用還元剤の量が少なくなるように、前記SCR用還元剤供給手段を制御するとともに、
前記再生制御の開始に伴って前記NOx触媒からNH3が放出される時期であるNH3放出開始時期を推定するとともに、このNH3放出開始時期から前記再生制御の終了時期までの間に前記NOx触媒から放出されたNH3の総量を推定して、推定した当該NH3の放出量の総量が大きい方が、前記再生制御が終了してから前記所定の期間が経過するまでの間に前記SCR用還元剤供給手段から前記排気通路に供給される前記SCR用還元剤の量が少なくなるように、前記SCR用還元剤供給手段を制御する、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 気筒が形成されたエンジン本体と、当該エンジン本体から排出された排気ガスが流通する排気通路と、前記排気通路に設けられたNOx触媒と、当該NOx触媒の下流側に設けられたSCR触媒と、を有するエンジンの排気浄化制御装置であって、
排気ガスの空気過剰率を変更する空気過剰率変更手段と、
前記排気通路のうち前記NOx触媒と前記SCR触媒との間に、NH3の原料あるいはNH3からなるSCR用還元剤を供給するSCR用還元剤供給手段と、
前記空気過剰率変更手段と前記SCR用還元剤供給手段とを制御するとともに、前記空気過剰率変更手段によって排気ガスの空気過剰率を1以下にして前記NOx触媒を再生する再生制御を実施する制御手段とを備え、
前記制御手段は、前記再生制御時に、前記NOx触媒に吸蔵されている酸素が減少する速度である吸蔵酸素減少速度を推定するとともに、当該吸蔵酸素減少速度が大きい場合は、小さい場合よりも前記SCR用還元剤供給手段から前記排気通路に供給される前記SCR用還元剤の量が少なくなるように前記SCR用還元剤供給手段を制御する、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記制御手段は、前記吸蔵酸素減少速度を排気ガスの空気過剰率と排気ガスの流量とに基づいて算出する、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項4に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記制御手段は、前記吸蔵酸素減少速度を、当該吸蔵酸素減少速度をMreO2とし、排気ガスの空気過剰率をλとし、排気ガスの流量をMexとして、以下の式(1)で算出する、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。
MreO2=(1−λ)×Mex・・・(1) - 請求項5に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記制御手段は、前記式(1)で算出される値に補正係数を掛けて、式(1)で算出される前記吸蔵酸素減少速度を補正し、
前記補正係数は、排気ガスの空気過剰率が小さい方が大きい値になるように設定されている、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項6に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記補正係数は、前記NOx触媒の温度が高い方が大きい値になるように設定されている、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。 - 請求項6または7に記載のエンジンの排気浄化制御装置において、
前記補正係数は、排気ガスの流量が小さい方が大きい値になるように設定されている、ことを特徴とするエンジンの排気浄化制御装置。
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