JP6612029B2 - High strength aluminum alloy extruded material with excellent impact resistance and method for producing the same - Google Patents
High strength aluminum alloy extruded material with excellent impact resistance and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、高強度でありながら耐衝撃性に優れるとともに押出加工直後の空冷にて良好な焼入れ性を有するアルミニウム合金押出材に関する。 The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy extruded material that is excellent in impact resistance while having high strength and has good hardenability by air cooling immediately after extrusion.
高強度のアルミニウム合金としては、Ａｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ系の７０００系アルミニウム合金が知られている。
しかし、７０００系アルミニウム合金は自然時効型合金であり、押出成形から曲げ加工やプレス加工までの間に硬くなり、生産上の課題が生じやすい。
そこで、自然時効が殆どなく、また７０００系アルミニウム合金に認められる耐応力腐食割れも発現しにくいＡｌ−Ｍｇ−Ｓｉ系の６０００系アルミニウム合金の開発が進められている。
これまでに焼入れ性が良好で、高強度のアルミニウム合金としては特許文献１〜３等が提案されている。
特許文献１は、Ｍｇ：０．４５〜０．７５％，Ｓｉ：０．４５〜０．８０％，過剰Ｓｉ：０．１〜０．４％，Ｍｎ：０．１５〜０．４０％，Ｃｒ：０〜０．１％の合金組成である。
特許文献２は、Ｍｇ：０．４〜０．８％，Ｓｉ：０．３〜０．９％，Ｃｕ：０．５％以下、Ｍｎ，Ｃｒ及びＺｒの合計量を０．０９５％以下にし、３μｍ以上の長さを有するＭｇ２Ｓｉ晶出物が５０個／ｍｍ２以上有するものである。
特許文献３は、Ｍｇ：０．３〜１．５％，Ｓｉ：０．２〜１．５％，Ｃｕ：０．１％以下，Ｍｎ：０．１５％以下，Ｆｅ：０．１５％以下，Ｔｉ，Ｃｒ，Ｚｒ：０．１％以下で、結晶粒アスペクト比が５．０以下の材料である。
これらに開示する押出材は、いずれも押出加工直後の空冷（プレス端焼入れ）では耐力値（０．２％）が２４０ＭＰａ未満であり、特許文献２は水冷にて２５０ＭＰａレベルの強度が出ているものの、耐衝撃性に劣るものと推定される。
As a high-strength aluminum alloy, an Al—Zn—Mg-based 7000 series aluminum alloy is known.
However, the 7000 series aluminum alloy is a natural aging type alloy, and it becomes hard during extrusion molding to bending and pressing, and production problems are likely to occur.
Therefore, development of an Al-Mg-Si-based 6000 series aluminum alloy that hardly has natural aging and hardly exhibits the stress corrosion cracking resistance observed in a 7000 series aluminum alloy is underway.
So far,
In
In Patent Document 3, Mg: 0.3 to 1.5%, Si: 0.2 to 1.5%, Cu: 0.1% or less, Mn: 0.15% or less, Fe: 0.15% or less , Ti, Cr, Zr: 0.1% or less and a crystal grain aspect ratio of 5.0 or less.
In any of the extruded materials disclosed in these, the proof stress value (0.2%) is less than 240 MPa in air cooling immediately after extrusion (press-end quenching), and
本発明は、耐衝撃性に優れるとともに良好な焼入れ性を有する高強度アルミニウム合金押出材及びその製造方法の提供を目的とする。 An object of this invention is to provide the high strength aluminum alloy extrusion material which is excellent in impact resistance, and has favorable hardenability, and its manufacturing method.
本発明に係る耐衝撃性に優れる高強度アルミニウム合金押出材は、以下質量％でＭｇ：０．３０〜１．００％，Ｓｉ:０．６０〜１．４０％含有するとともに化学量論組成としてのＭｇ２Ｓｉの値が０．６０〜１．４０％であり、かつ過剰Ｓｉ量の値が０．３０〜１．００％であり、Ｆｅ：０．１０〜０．４０％，Ｍｎ：０．３０％以下であるとともに（Ｆｅ＋Ｍｎ）の値が０．１０〜０．６５％の範囲であり、Ｃｕ：０．１０〜０．４０％，Ｔｉ：０．００５〜０．１０％であり、残部がＡｌ及び不可避的不純物であることを特徴とする。 The high-strength aluminum alloy extruded material excellent in impact resistance according to the present invention contains Mg: 0.30 to 1.00% and Si: 0.60 to 1.40% in terms of the following mass%, and has a stoichiometric composition. Mg 2 Si has a value of 0.60 to 1.40%, and the amount of excess Si is 0.30 to 1.00%, Fe: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0 .30% or less and the value of (Fe + Mn) is in the range of 0.10 to 0.65%, Cu: 0.10 to 0.40%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.10%, The balance is Al and inevitable impurities.
また、上記合金組成において、さらにＳｒ：０．１０％以下の範囲にて添加してもよい。 Further, in the above alloy composition, Sr: 0.10% or less may be added.
本発明において、成分範囲を上記のように設定した理由は次のとおりである。
＜Ｍｇ，Ｓｉ＞
Ｍｇ及びＳｉ成分は強度と耐衝撃性に大きな影響を与えるとともに、押出性にも影響する。
Ｍｇ：０．３０〜１．０％，Ｓｉ：０．６０〜１．４０の範囲に設定し、化学量論組成としてのＭｇ２Ｓｉの値が０．６０〜１．４０％、かつ過剰Ｓｉ量が０．３０〜１．００％の範囲が好ましい。
本発明においては、化学量論組成Ｍｇ２Ｓｉに対する過剰Ｓｉが押出性を低下させずに強度を向上させることに着目し、Ｓｉ量をＭｇの量に対して多く設定した。
ただし、過剰Ｓｉ量が多くなりすぎると耐衝撃性が低下するので、過剰Ｓｉ量の上限を１．００％とした。
なお、Ｓｉは０．６０〜１．４０％の範囲で、好ましくは下限が０．８０％以上、さらに好ましくは０．９０％以上がよい。
また、Ｍｇは０．３０〜１．００％の範囲で、好ましくは０．３０〜０．９０％、さらに好ましくは０．４０〜０．８０％の範囲である。
＜Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｚｒ＞
Ｆｅ成分は、再結晶を抑制し、押出軸方向に伸長した再結晶組織を形成することで球状の再結晶組織に比べて割れ伝播が抑制され、延性，耐衝撃性が向上する。
しかし、多いと合金の鋳造時に金属間化合物を多く晶出し、延性が低下するので上限を０．４０％とした。
Ｍｎ及びＺｒは、結晶粒を微細化させ耐衝撃性が向上するが、多すぎると焼入れ感受性が強くなりすぎ、強度等が低下する。
そこで、Ｆｅ：０．１０〜０．４０％の範囲としてＭｎを添加する場合は、０．３０％以下の範囲で添加するのが好ましく、（Ｆｅ＋Ｍｎ）の合計量は、０．１０〜０．６５％の範囲である。
Ｚｒは、０．１０％以下の範囲で添加してもよい。
なお、本発明においてＣｒは不可避的不純物として取り扱い、含有した場合でも０．０５％以下に抑えるのが好ましい。
＜Ｃｕ＞
Ｃｕ成分は強度向上に寄与するが、多くなると耐食性が低下し押出性も低下する。
そこで、Ｃｕ：０．１０〜０．４０％の範囲がよく、好ましくは０．１５〜０．４０％の範囲である。
＜Ｔｉ＞
Ｔｉ成分は、アルミニウム合金の鋳造時の結晶粒微細化に効果があるので、Ｔｉ：０．００５〜０．１％の範囲で添加する。
＜Ｓｒ＞
Ｓｒ成分は、アルミニウム合金の鋳造時に鋳造組織を微細化させることで押出材の金属組織においても結晶粒を微細化させる。
そこで、Ｓｒは０．１０％以下の範囲で添加するのが好ましい。
Ｓｒは、０．２％耐力値の強度を低下させることなく、耐衝撃性，伸びが向上する。
＜その他の成分＞
本発明において、Ｚｎは不可避的不純物として取り扱うが、少量の添加であれば強度と延びに寄与する。
従って、添加する場合は０．２５％以下の範囲で許容される。
また、他の成分も０．０１％以下の範囲であれば許容される。
In the present invention, the reason why the component ranges are set as described above is as follows.
<Mg, Si>
Mg and Si components have a great influence on strength and impact resistance, and also on extrudability.
Mg: 0.30 to 1.0%, Si: set to the range of 0.60 to 1.40, the value of Mg 2 Si as the stoichiometric composition is 0.60 to 1.40%, and excess Si A range of 0.30 to 1.00% is preferred.
In the present invention, paying attention to the fact that excess Si relative to the stoichiometric composition Mg 2 Si improves the strength without reducing the extrudability, the Si amount is set to be larger than the Mg amount.
However, since the impact resistance decreases when the excessive Si amount becomes too large, the upper limit of the excessive Si amount is set to 1.00%.
Si is in the range of 0.60 to 1.40%, preferably the lower limit is 0.80% or more, more preferably 0.90% or more.
Mg is in the range of 0.30 to 1.00%, preferably 0.30 to 0.90%, and more preferably 0.40 to 0.80%.
<Fe, Mn, Zr>
The Fe component suppresses recrystallization and forms a recrystallized structure extending in the direction of the extrusion axis, thereby suppressing crack propagation compared to a spherical recrystallized structure and improving ductility and impact resistance.
However, if the amount is large, a large amount of intermetallic compounds are crystallized during casting of the alloy and the ductility is lowered, so the upper limit was made 0.40%.
Mn and Zr refine crystal grains and improve impact resistance. However, if too large, quenching sensitivity becomes too strong, and strength and the like decrease.
Therefore, when Mn is added in the range of Fe: 0.10 to 0.40%, it is preferably added in a range of 0.30% or less, and the total amount of (Fe + Mn) is 0.10 to 0.00. The range is 65%.
Zr may be added in a range of 0.10% or less.
In the present invention, Cr is preferably treated as an inevitable impurity, and even when contained, it is preferably suppressed to 0.05% or less.
<Cu>
The Cu component contributes to strength improvement, but if it increases, the corrosion resistance decreases and the extrudability also decreases.
Therefore, the range of Cu: 0.10 to 0.40% is good, preferably 0.15 to 0.40%.
<Ti>
Since the Ti component is effective in refining crystal grains during casting of the aluminum alloy, Ti is added in the range of 0.005 to 0.1%.
<Sr>
The Sr component refines the crystal grains in the metal structure of the extruded material by refining the cast structure during the casting of the aluminum alloy.
Therefore, Sr is preferably added in a range of 0.10% or less.
Sr improves impact resistance and elongation without reducing the strength of the 0.2% proof stress value.
<Other ingredients>
In the present invention, Zn is treated as an inevitable impurity, but if added in a small amount, it contributes to strength and elongation.
Therefore, when added, it is allowed within a range of 0.25% or less.
In addition, other components are allowed in the range of 0.01% or less.
本発明に係る耐衝撃性に優れるアルミニウム合金押出材の製造方法は、押出加工直後に平均冷却速度１５０℃／ｍｉｎ以下にて冷却し、その後に人工時効処理することを特徴とする。
このように製造すると、アスペクト比が４．０以上で扁平再結晶の押出方向の平均結晶粒径が１００μｍ以下になる。
The method for producing an aluminum alloy extrudate excellent in impact resistance according to the present invention is characterized by cooling at an average cooling rate of 150 ° C./min or less immediately after extrusion, followed by artificial aging treatment.
When manufactured in this way, the aspect ratio is 4.0 or more and the average crystal grain size in the extrusion direction of flat recrystallization is 100 μm or less.
本発明における好ましい製造条件は、次のとおりである。
押出加工用の円柱ビレットを鋳造するには、鋳造速度６０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ以上が好ましい。
その後にビレットを５６５〜５９５℃の温度で２〜６時間の均質化処理をする。
押出加工時は、ビレット温度を４２０℃以上に予熱し、押出直後に空冷によるプレス端焼入れを行う。
空冷の冷却速度は１５０℃／ｍｉｎ以下、好ましくは５０〜１５０℃／ｍｉｎの範囲がよい。
その後に１８５〜２００℃の温度で、１〜２４時間の人工時効処理を行う。
Preferred production conditions in the present invention are as follows.
In order to cast a cylindrical billet for extrusion, a casting speed of 60 mm / min or more is preferable.
Thereafter, the billet is homogenized at a temperature of 565 to 595 ° C. for 2 to 6 hours.
At the time of extrusion, the billet temperature is preheated to 420 ° C. or more, and press end quenching by air cooling is performed immediately after extrusion.
The cooling rate of air cooling is 150 ° C./min or less, preferably 50 to 150 ° C./min.
Thereafter, artificial aging treatment is performed at a temperature of 185 to 200 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours.
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金押出材は、人工時効処理（Ｔ５）後の引張強さ２８０ＭＰａ以上で、０．２％耐力値（Ｔ５）が２４０ＭＰａ以上の高強度でありながらシャルピー衝撃値で２０Ｊ／ｃｍ２以上の耐衝撃性を有する。
また、Ｓｒを０．１％以下の範囲で添加すると、Ｔ５後の０．２％耐力値（Ｔ５）が２８０ＭＰａ以上になり、シャルピー衝撃値及び伸びがさらに向上する。
The aluminum alloy extruded material according to the present invention has a tensile strength after artificial aging treatment (T5) of 280 MPa or more, a 0.2% proof stress value (T5) of 240 MPa or more, and a Charpy impact value of 20 J / cm. Has impact resistance of 2 or more.
Further, when Sr is added in a range of 0.1% or less, the 0.2% proof stress value (T5) after T5 becomes 280 MPa or more, and the Charpy impact value and elongation are further improved.
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金押出材を試作し比較評価したので、以下説明する。
図１の表に示すアルミニウム合金の組成のビレットを鋳造し、図２の表に示す製造条件にて押出材を製作した。
なお、図２中の鋳造速度は、ビレットの鋳造速度を示す。
評価に用いた押出材は、断面５０ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ，内厚１〜５ｍｍの正方形の中空断面押出形材を用いた。
評価方法は次の通りである。
＜機械的特性＞
ＪＩＳ−Ｚ２２４１に基づいて押出形材よりＪＩＳ−４号引張試験片を作製、ＪＩＳ規格に準拠した引張試験機で引張試験を実施した。
＜耐衝撃性＞
ＪＩＳ−Ｚ２２４２に基づいて押出形材よりＪＩＳ−Ｖノッチ４号試験片を作製、ＪＩＳ規格に準拠したシャルピー衝撃試験機でシャルピー衝撃試験を実施した。
＜結晶粒径＞
供試材に鏡面研磨仕上げを行い、その後エッチング（３％ＮａＯＨ ４０℃×３ｍｉｎ）を実施し、１００倍、押出軸方向に伸長した再結晶組織の結晶粒の押出方向の長さＬ１と厚さ方向長さＬ２とのアスペクト比Ｌ１／Ｌ２を測定した。
The aluminum alloy extruded material according to the present invention was prototyped and comparatively evaluated, and will be described below.
Billets having an aluminum alloy composition shown in the table of FIG. 1 were cast, and extruded materials were manufactured under the manufacturing conditions shown in the table of FIG.
The casting speed in FIG. 2 indicates the billet casting speed.
The extruded material used for the evaluation was a square hollow section extruded shape having a cross section of 50 mm × 50 mm and an inner thickness of 1 to 5 mm.
The evaluation method is as follows.
<Mechanical properties>
Based on JIS-Z2241, a JIS-4 tensile test piece was produced from the extruded profile, and a tensile test was performed with a tensile tester compliant with JIS standards.
<Impact resistance>
Based on JIS-Z2242, a JIS-V notch No. 4 test piece was produced from the extruded profile, and a Charpy impact test was performed with a Charpy impact tester compliant with JIS standards.
<Crystal grain size>
The specimen is mirror-polished and then etched (3% NaOH 40 ° C. × 3 min). The length L1 and thickness in the extrusion direction of the crystal grains of the recrystallized structure stretched 100 times in the direction of the extrusion axis. The aspect ratio L1 / L2 with the direction length L2 was measured.
評価結果を図３の表に示す。
表中の評価項目中に示す数字は、目標とした値である。
実施例１〜７はいずれも成分範囲が設定範囲であり、全ての評価項目をクリアしている。
特に実施例６，７は、Ｓｒをそれぞれ０．０１％，０．０３％添加した合金であり、Ｔ５耐力値３４５ＭＰａと３００ＭＰａ以上の高強度を有しながら延びが向上し、シャルピー衝撃値が３０Ｊ／ｃｍ２以上を確保している。
比較例１〜４は、過剰Ｓｉ量（ｅｘＳｉ）が設定より少なく、Ｔ５後の強度を満足していない。
The evaluation results are shown in the table of FIG.
The numbers shown in the evaluation items in the table are target values.
In each of Examples 1 to 7, the component range is the set range, and all evaluation items are cleared.
In particular, Examples 6 and 7 are alloys added with 0.01% and 0.03% Sr, respectively, and the elongation is improved while having a T5 yield strength value of 345 MPa and a high strength of 300 MPa or more, and the Charpy impact value is 30 J. / Cm 2 or more is secured.
In Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the excess Si amount (exSi) is less than the setting, and the strength after T5 is not satisfied.
Claims (2)
Ｆｅ：０．１０〜０．４０％，Ｍｎ：０．３０％以下であるとともに（Ｆｅ＋Ｍｎ）の値が０．１０〜０．６５％の範囲であり、
Ｃｕ：０．１０〜０．４０％，Ｔｉ：０．００５〜０．１０％であり、さらにＳｒ：０．１０％以下の範囲で含有し、残部がＡｌ及び不可避的不純物であり、
扁平再結晶の押出方向の平均粒径が１００μｍ以下で、かつ、再結晶組織の結晶粒の押出方向の長さＬ１と厚さ方向の長さＬ２とのアスペクト比Ｌ１／Ｌ２が４．０以上であることを特徴とする耐衝撃性に優れる高強度アルミニウム合金押出材。 In the following mass%, Mg: 0.30 to 1.00%, Si: 0.60 to 1.40% are contained, and the value of Mg 2 Si as the stoichiometric composition is 0.60 to 1.40%. And the value of excess Si amount is 0.30 to 1.00%,
Fe: 0.10 to 0.40%, Mn: 0.30% or less and the value of (Fe + Mn) is in the range of 0.10 to 0.65%,
Cu: 0.10 to 0.40%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.10%, further containing Sr: 0.10% or less, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities,
The average grain size in the extrusion direction of flat recrystallization is 100 μm or less, and the aspect ratio L1 / L2 between the length L1 in the extrusion direction and the length L2 in the thickness direction of the crystal grains of the recrystallized structure is 4.0 or more. A high-strength aluminum alloy extruded material excellent in impact resistance, characterized by being
押出加工直後に平均冷却速度１５０℃／ｍｉｎ以下にて冷却し、その後に人工時効処理することを特徴とする耐衝撃性に優れるアルミニウム合金押出材の製造方法。 It is a manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy extrusion material according to claim 1,
A method for producing an extruded aluminum alloy material having excellent impact resistance, characterized by cooling at an average cooling rate of 150 ° C./min or less immediately after extrusion and then performing artificial aging treatment.
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