JP6601637B2 - 繊維形成方法及びその方法によって生成される繊維 - Google Patents
繊維形成方法及びその方法によって生成される繊維 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003574 milrinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VWUPWEAFIOQCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N milrinone lactate Chemical compound [H+].CC(O)C([O-])=O.N1C(=O)C(C#N)=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1C VWUPWEAFIOQCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000885 poly(2-vinylpyridine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006156 poly(arylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKVMWDZRDMCIAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O FKVMWDZRDMCIAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/40—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by applying a shearing force to a dispersion or solution of filament formable polymers, e.g. by stirring
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/26—Formation of staple fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof
- D01F4/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof from fibroin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/16—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated organic esters, e.g. polyacrylic esters, polyvinyl acetate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/20—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of cyclic compounds with one carbon-to-carbon double bond in the side chain
- D01F6/22—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of cyclic compounds with one carbon-to-carbon double bond in the side chain from polystyrene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/30—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising olefins as the major constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/36—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated organic esters as the major constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
- D01F6/625—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
[0001]本発明は、一般に繊維の調製方法に関する。本発明は、本方法によって調製される繊維にも関する。本方法によって生成される繊維は、不連続なコロイド状ポリマー繊維とすることができる。
[0002]ポリマー繊維は、いくつかの異なる技術を使用して調製することができる。使用することができる1つの技術は、制御可能な繊維直径、組成及び繊維配向を有する連続ポリマー繊維を製造することができる電気紡糸である。しかし、この技術は比較的単純であり、広い適用可能性を有する一方、一般に不連続ポリマー繊維の製造に適していない。
[0007]一態様において、本発明は、繊維の調製方法であって、
(a)繊維形成液の流れを、約1〜100センチポアズ(cP)の範囲にある粘度を有する分散媒中に導入するステップと、
(b)繊維形成液の流れから、分散媒中でフィラメントを形成するステップと、
(c)フィラメントをフラグメントに切断してかつ繊維の形成を可能とする条件のもとで、フィラメントにせん断力を加えるステップ(shearing)と
を含む方法を提供する。
(a)繊維形成溶液の流れを、約1〜100センチポアズ(cP)の範囲にある粘度を有する分散媒中に導入するステップと、
(b)繊維形成溶液の流れから、分散媒中でフィラメントを形成するステップと、
(c)フィラメントをフラグメントに切断してかつ繊維の形成を可能とする条件のもとで、フィラメントにせん断力を加えるステップと
を含む方法を提供する。
(a)ポリマー溶液の流れを、約1〜100センチポアズ(cP)の範囲にある粘度を有する分散媒中に導入するステップと、
(b)ポリマー溶液の流れから、分散媒中でフィラメントを形成するステップと、
(c)フィラメントをフラグメントに切断してかつポリマー繊維の形成を可能とする条件のもとで、フィラメントにせん断力を加えるステップと
を含む方法を提供する。
[0039]本発明は、繊維の調製方法に関する。本発明の方法は、連続繊維ではなく不連続繊維をもたらす。さらに、本発明の方法によって調製される繊維は、コロイド状(短)繊維である。
(a)繊維形成液の流れを、約1〜100センチポアズ(cP)の範囲にある粘度を有する分散媒中に導入するステップと、
(b)繊維形成液の流れから、分散媒中でフィラメントを形成するステップと、
(c)フィラメントをフラグメントに切断してかつ繊維の形成を可能とする条件のもとで、フィラメントにせん断力を加えるステップと
を含む方法を提供する。
G=60(2πrθ/δ) (式1)
t=μG (式2)
(a)繊維形成溶液の流れを、約1〜100センチポアズ(cP)の範囲にある粘度を有する分散媒中に導入するステップと、
(b)繊維形成溶液の流れから、分散媒中でフィラメントを形成するステップと、
(c)フィラメントをフラグメントに切断してかつ繊維の形成を可能とする条件のもとで、フィラメントにせん断力を加えるステップと
を含む方法を提供する。
(a)ポリマー溶液の流れを、約1〜100センチポアズ(cP)の範囲にある粘度を有する分散媒中に導入するステップと、
(b)ポリマー溶液の流れから、分散媒中でフィラメントを形成するステップと、
(c)フィラメントをフラグメントに切断してかつポリマー繊維の形成を可能とする条件のもとで、フィラメントにせん断力を加えるステップと
を含む方法を提供する。
(a)ポリペプチド、アルギン酸塩、キトサン、デンプン、コラーゲン、絹フィブロイン及びポリアクリル酸からなる群から選択される、少なくとも1種のポリマーを含むポリマー溶液の流れを、C2〜C4アルコールを含み、約1〜100センチポアズ(cP)の範囲にある粘度を有する分散媒中に導入するステップと、
(b)ポリマー溶液の流れから、分散媒中でフィラメントを形成するステップと、
(c)フィラメントをフラグメントに切断してかつポリマー繊維の形成を可能とする条件のもとで、フィラメントにせん断力を加えるステップと
を含む方法を提供する。
[0178]所望される量のポリマーを、撹拌しながら溶媒に溶解するステップによって、ポリマー溶液を調製する。必要な場合、溶液は、熱、酸又は塩基で処理して、ポリマーの可溶化を助けることができる。
[0182]希釈アンモニア(水中9%アンモニア)中で、95℃で一晩撹拌して、ポリ(エチレン−co−アクリル酸)(PEAA)(DowChemical、プリマコール(Primacor)(商標)59901)の20重量/体積%溶液を調製した。次いで、この溶液を、pH12アンモニア水で希釈して、異なったポリマー濃度の溶液を調製した。分散媒として1−ブタノールを選択した(250ml)。本手順において、高せん断力インペラを取付けた高速ミキサー(T50 UltraTurrax−IKA)を使用した。同様の直径のビーカー中に、撹拌ヘッドを挿入した。最初にビーカー内に分散媒を導入し、撹拌を開始し、次いで、ミキサーのヘッドとビーカーの壁との間の隙間に、注入速度20mL/分で、27G針を有する3mL注射器を使用することによって、3mlのポリマー溶液を速やかに注入した。一定時間撹拌を維持し、次いで停止した。試料は、析出用媒質(n−ブタノール)で洗浄し、特性付けを行った。
[0185]図1において、ポリマー繊維生成の基本手順を図示している。
[0191]磁性ナノ繊維を有するポリ(エチレン−co−アクリル酸)(PEAA)繊維の調製
Claims (16)
- 繊維の調製方法であって、
(a)繊維形成液の流れを、分散媒に曝される際に繊維形成液の流れがもたらされる速度で分散媒中に注入し、分散媒に100〜190,000cP/秒の範囲にあるせん断応力を適用するステップであり、繊維形成液が3〜100cPの範囲にある粘度を有し、分散媒が1〜50cPの範囲にある粘度を有し、分散媒の粘度に対する繊維形成液の粘度の比が2〜50の範囲にある、ステップと、
(b)繊維形成液の流れのゲル化により形成されるフィラメントを、分散媒からフィラメントに適用されるせん断力のもとで切断してセグメントを形成し、15nm〜5μmの直径及び1μm〜3mmの長さを有する繊維を提供するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 繊維形成液が、分散媒中で1×10−6m/秒1/2〜1×10−2m/秒1/2の範囲にあるゲル化速度を示す、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 分散媒が、1〜15cPの範囲にある粘度を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)及び(b)が、50℃を超えない温度で実行される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 繊維形成液が、溶媒中に少なくとも1種の繊維形成物質を含む繊維形成溶液である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 分散媒が、アルコール、イオン性液体、ケトン溶媒、水、極低温液体及びジメチルスルホキシドからなる群から選択される溶媒を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 分散媒が、C2〜C4アルコールからなる群から選択される溶媒を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 繊維形成液が、0.1〜50%(重量/体積)の範囲にある量のポリマーを含有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 繊維形成液及び分散媒の少なくとも1つが、粒子、架橋剤、可塑剤、多官能性リンカー及び凝固剤からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリマー繊維の調製方法であって、
(a)ポリマー溶液の流れを、分散媒に曝される際にポリマー溶液の流れがもたらされる速度で分散媒中に注入し、分散媒に100〜190,000cP/秒の範囲にあるせん断応力を適用するステップであり、ポリマー溶液が3〜100cPの範囲にある粘度を有し、分散媒が1〜50cPの範囲にある粘度を有し、分散媒の粘度に対するポリマー溶液の粘度の比が2〜50の範囲にある、ステップと、
(b)ポリマー溶液の流れのゲル化により形成されるフィラメントを、分散媒からフィラメントに適用されるせん断力のもとで切断してセグメントを形成し、15nm〜5μmの直径及び1μm〜3mmの長さを有するポリマー繊維を提供するステップと、
を含む方法。 - ポリマー溶液が、分散媒中で1×10−6m/秒1/2〜1×10−2m/秒1/2の範囲にあるゲル化速度を示す、請求項10に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)及び(b)が、50℃を超えない温度で実行される、請求項10又は11に記載の方法。
- ポリマーが、ポリペプチド、アルギン酸塩、キトサン、デンプン、コラーゲン、絹フィブロイン、ポリウレタン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリレート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、ボロン酸官能化ポリマー、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアリルアミン、ポリエチレンイミン及びポリ(ビニルピロリドン)、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリエーテルスルホン、無機ポリマー、並びにこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項10〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリマーが、ポリウレタン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリレート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項10〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 繊維形成液の流れが、分散媒に曝される際に乳化又は切断されて不連続な液滴にはならない、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ポリマー溶液の流れが、分散媒に曝される際に乳化又は切断されて不連続な液滴にはならない、請求項10〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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