JP6585879B2 - Structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure.

In concrete slabs, for example, openings (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2) into which vertical pipes for watering equipment such as a wash basin are inserted, and openings in which lighting equipment or the like is installed (for example, Patent Documents) 3) is formed.
In Patent Document 1, a plurality of openings are provided for each watering facility in which a vertical pipe is inserted in the vicinity of the watering facility such as a washstand. Alternatively, in the case where a plurality of openings are not provided, the piping is made by extending the distance of the horizontal piping from the watering equipment to the vertical piping.

JP 2011-162952 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-200434 JP 2006-077421 A

  By the way, when an opening part is formed in a concrete slab, yield strength and rigidity will fall, and reinforcement with respect to an opening part may increase.

  In consideration of the above-described facts, an object of the present invention is to form an opening in a concrete slab while reducing a decrease in yield strength and rigidity.

The structure according to the first aspect includes a plurality of columns arranged in two horizontal directions, and a concrete slab supported by the plurality of columns, and the concrete slabs are the four columns adjacent to each other. The floor area is surrounded and has at least one opening formed in the center.

According to the structure according to the first aspect , the plurality of columns are arranged in two horizontal directions. Concrete slabs are supported on these columns.

  Here, at the time of an earthquake, the seismic force flows to the concrete slab mainly along the column arrangement direction. Therefore, when an opening is formed between adjacent columns, the strength and rigidity of the concrete slab are reduced.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, at least one opening is formed at the center of the floor area of the concrete slab surrounded by the four columns adjacent to each other. In other words, at least one opening is formed in the center of the floor area that avoids the space between the columns (columnar belt) through which the seismic force flows. Therefore, the proof stress and rigidity of the concrete slab can be ensured.

  In the present invention, at least one opening is provided in the center of the floor area of the concrete slab. Thereby, the distance of the horizontal piping from vertical piping to watering equipment (a toilet, a washbasin, etc.) can be shortened.

The structure according to a second aspect is the structure according to the first aspect , wherein the concrete slabs are provided on a plurality of floors, and the openings formed respectively in the floor regions of the concrete slabs on the plurality of floors are in plan view. It overlaps with.

According to the structure which concerns on a 2nd aspect , the concrete slab is provided in the several floor. And the opening part each formed in the floor area | region of the concrete slab of several floors has overlapped by planar view. Thereby, the vertical piping for facilities, for example, can be laid linearly over a plurality of floors through the opening formed in each concrete slab. For example, when an opening is used as a daylighting window (for example, a skylight), it becomes easy to take in light over a plurality of floors through the opening of each concrete slab.

The structure according to the third aspect includes a plurality of pillars arranged in two horizontal directions and a concrete slab supported by the plurality of pillars, and the concrete slabs are the four pillars adjacent to each other. It has a plurality of floor regions that are enclosed and each have at least one opening formed in the center.

According to the structure concerning the 3rd mode , a plurality of pillars are arranged in two horizontal directions. Concrete slabs are supported on these columns.

  Here, at the time of an earthquake, the seismic force flows to the concrete slab mainly along the column arrangement direction. Therefore, when an opening is formed between adjacent columns, the strength and rigidity of the concrete slab are reduced.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, at least one opening is formed at the center of the floor area of the concrete slab surrounded by the four columns adjacent to each other. In other words, at least one opening is formed in the center of the floor area that avoids the space between the columns (columnar belt) through which the seismic force flows. Therefore, the proof stress and rigidity of the concrete slab can be ensured.

  Moreover, the concrete slab of the present invention has a plurality of floor regions each having an opening. By installing and installing vertical pipes for equipment in these openings as needed and appropriately located in the vicinity, the horizontal pipes to the watering equipment (toilet, washstand, etc.) The distance of the pulling pipe can be shortened.

Structure according to the fourth aspect, in the structure according to any one of the first aspect to third aspect, comprises a seismic Frames provided outside the plurality of columns, the array direction of said plurality of posts , Inclined with respect to the seismic frame.

According to the structure which concerns on a 4th aspect , the earthquake-resistant frame is provided in the outer side of the some pillar. In this case, as a whole structure, the seismic force flows mainly along the earthquake-resistant frame. Therefore, generally, a plurality of columns are arranged in two horizontal directions that are parallel and orthogonal to the earthquake-resistant frame.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, the arrangement direction of the plurality of columns is inclined with respect to the earthquake resistant frame. Such a column split of the present invention is based on, for example, a general column split in which a plurality of columns are arranged in two horizontal directions that are parallel and perpendicular to the earthquake-resistant frame, and every other column is omitted in each direction. Is formed. In this case, the omitted column position is the approximate center (schematic centroid) of the floor region surrounded by the four columns adjacent to each other. In other words, the omitted column positions are areas that do not greatly burden the seismic force. Therefore, by forming openings at the omitted column positions, it is possible to uniformly form a plurality of openings in the concrete slab while ensuring the strength and rigidity of the concrete slab.

Structure according to a fifth aspect, in the structure according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments, one of the two horizontal directions, and the spacing of the pillars arranged in the horizontal direction and La, horizontal When the interval between the columns arranged in the other direction is Lb, the opening is formed in a virtual rectangular region set at the center of the floor region, and the virtual rectangular region has one side that is the horizontal one. The length of the one side is La / 2 along the direction, the other side is along the other horizontal direction, and the length of the other side is Lb / 2.

According to the structure according to the fifth aspect , the virtual rectangular area is set at the center of the floor area. This virtual rectangular area is aligned with one horizontal direction when the interval between columns arranged in one horizontal direction is La and the interval between columns arranged in the other horizontal direction is Lb. The length of one side is La / 2, and the length of the other side along the other horizontal direction is Lb / 2. By forming the opening in the virtual rectangular area, the proof stress and rigidity of the floor area can be secured.

  As described above, according to the structure according to the present invention, it is possible to form the opening in the concrete slab while reducing the decrease in yield strength and rigidity.

It is a top view which shows the predetermined floor of the structure concerning one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged plan view of FIG. 1. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure shown by FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the concrete slab shown by FIG. It is an enlarged plan view equivalent to FIG. 2 which shows the modification of the pillar division of the predetermined floor shown by FIG. It is a plane sectional view which shows the example of reinforcement arrangement | positioning of the slab reinforcement of the concrete slab shown by FIG. It is a plane sectional view which shows the other bar arrangement example of the slab reinforcement of the concrete slab shown by FIG.

  Hereinafter, a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the arrow X and the arrow Y which are suitably shown in each figure have shown the two horizontal directions orthogonal to each other.

  FIG. 1 shows a predetermined floor of the structure 10 according to the present embodiment. The structure 10 is used as, for example, a hospital, a research facility, a factory, an apartment house, or the like that has a lot of equipment piping and requires renewability such as a floor plan change and a use change. This structure 10 is composed of a plurality of floors, and seismic elements are concentrated on the outer periphery thereof. Thereby, the freedom degree, such as a floor plan change and a use change, is raised.

  Specifically, the outer peripheral part of the structure 10 is provided with a plurality of earthquake-resistant frames 12X and 12Y. The seismic frame 12X is disposed along the arrow X direction, and the earthquake frame 12Y is disposed along the arrow Y direction. Each earthquake-resistant frame 12X, 12Y has a column (outer peripheral column) 14 and a beam (outer peripheral beam) 16.

  Each of the earthquake-resistant frames 12X and 12Y is appropriately provided with an earthquake-resistant wall or braces (not shown) so as to be able to bear a large earthquake force. Therefore, during an earthquake, seismic force flows mainly along the earthquake-resistant frames 12X and 12Y (arrow X direction and arrow Y direction). The earthquake-resistant frames 12X and 12Y can be formed of wall columns or wall beams. Further, the earthquake-resistant frames 12X and 12Y may be provided around the structure 10.

  As an example, a pair of corridors 18 and a room region 20 that is partitioned into a plurality of rooms by partition walls (not shown) are provided inside the structure 10. The pair of hallways 18 extend in the direction of arrow X along the earthquake-resistant frame 12X. A room region 20 is provided between the pair of hallways 18. The pair of hallways 18 and the room region 20 are partitioned by a plurality of frames 22 arranged along the arrow X direction. Each frame 22 has a pillar 24 and a beam 26. Moreover, although the beam 17 is constructed by the pillar 14 and the pillar 24 which oppose, respectively, these beams 17 are omissible.

  A plurality of pillars 30 and a plurality of pipe shafts (life shafts) 32 are provided in the room region 20. These columns 30 and pipe shafts 32 are arranged in a staggered manner. The plurality of columns 30 are formed of a steel frame structure or a reinforced concrete structure, and support a plurality of floor concrete slabs 40.

  Here, the column division of the room region 20 is, for example, a general arrangement in which a plurality of columns 30 are arranged at substantially equal intervals in two horizontal directions (arrow X direction and arrow Y direction) that are parallel and orthogonal to the earthquake-resistant frame 12X. It is formed by omitting every other column 30 in each direction based on the column division. A pipe shaft 32 is installed at a position where the pillar 30 is omitted.

  Thus, when every other column 30 is omitted, two horizontal directions (in this embodiment, orthogonal to each other) that are inclined at a predetermined inclination angle θ (approximately 45 degrees in this embodiment) with respect to the earthquake-resistant frames 12X, 12Y. A plurality of columns 30 are arranged in the direction of arrow S and arrow T. More specifically, when every other column 30 is omitted as described above, as shown in FIG. 2, the interval between the columns 30 adjacent to each other in the arrow X direction and the arrow Y direction with the central pipe shaft 32 interposed therebetween. The intervals La and Lb between the pillars 30 adjacent to each other in the arrow S direction and the arrow T direction become narrower. Therefore, the arrangement direction of the pillars 30 is changed from the arrow X direction and the arrow Y direction to the arrow S direction and the arrow T direction.

  Here, the “arrangement direction of the pillars 30” means a direction of a straight line connecting the predetermined pillar 30 and the nearest pillar 30, and in this embodiment, the arrow S direction and the arrow T direction correspond to this. . Then, the seismic force flows to a portion of the concrete slab 40 along the arrangement direction of the columns 30 (hereinafter, this portion is referred to as “column row belts 40S, 40T”).

  As shown in FIG. 3, a panel-like floor material 42 that forms the floor of the room region 20 is laid on the concrete slab 40 on each floor. The flooring 42 is supported by the concrete slab 40 via a post (not shown). That is, a double floor structure is applied to the room region 20. Thereby, an underfloor space 44 in which various pipes and wirings can be laid is formed between the floor material 42 and the concrete slab 40. In addition, in FIG.1 and FIG.2, illustration of the flooring 42 is abbreviate | omitted.

  On the flooring 42, a pipe shaft 32 that houses a vertical pipe 34 extending in the vertical direction is erected. The pipe shaft 32 extends in the vertical direction and is formed in a cylindrical shape having a substantially rectangular cross section, and is disposed on an opening 46 for equipment formed in the concrete slab 40.

  The pipe shaft 32 has a lower end connected to the underfloor space 44 and an upper end connected to an in-ceiling space 50 formed between the concrete slab 40 on the upper floor and the ceiling material 48. . Thereby, the vertical piping 34 can be laid across a plurality of floors through the opening 46 of the concrete slab 40, the underfloor space 44, the pipe shaft 32, and the space 50 in the ceiling. The openings 46 formed in the concrete slab 40 on the adjacent floor are at least partially overlapped in plan view. Thereby, the vertical pipe 34 can be laid linearly over a plurality of floors through the opening 46 on the adjacent floor. In addition, as long as the opening part 46 is provided in the range of the virtual rectangular area 40V, it can implement suitably even if the opening parts 46 do not overlap in planar view.

  A watering facility 52 such as a toilet or a washstand installed on the flooring 42 is connected to the vertical pipe 34 via a horizontal pipe 54. The horizontal piping 54 is laid in the underfloor space 44. The horizontal pulling pipe 54 is provided with a drainage gradient so that drainage can easily flow from the water supply facility 52 to the vertical pipe 34.

  In the present embodiment, the vertical pipes 34 are not laid on all the pipe shafts 32 and the openings 46, but the spare pipe shafts 32 and the openings 46 on which the vertical pipes 34 are not laid are provided. Yes. A vertical pipe 34 is appropriately laid on the spare pipe shaft 32 and the opening 46 in accordance with a change in the arrangement of the watering equipment 52 or the like.

The concrete slab 40 is an RC flat slab that is not supported by a beam. Thus, concrete slabs 40 as compared with the supported configurations in order beam, necessary height H ₂ of the ceiling space 50 is low. In the ceiling space 50, various wirings and piping can be laid.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the concrete slab 40 is a void slab in which a plurality of hollow materials 56 for weight reduction are embedded. As a result, the length of the concrete slab 40 can be increased while the amount of bending thereof is minimized. The hollow material 56 may be foamed polystyrene, steel pipe, or the like. Moreover, the shape of the hollow material 56 is not limited to an elliptical cross section, and may be, for example, a circular cross section.

  Further, a thickness change portion (capital) in which the slab thickness is partially increased may be provided on the column head of the column 30. Moreover, the concrete slab 40 is not limited to a flat slab, and may be supported by a beam laid between the columns 30. Furthermore, the concrete slab 40 is not limited to the void slab, and may be, for example, a solid slab without the hollow material 56 or a prestressed concrete slab into which prestress is introduced.

  Here, the opening 46 of the concrete slab 40 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the concrete slab 40 on each floor has a plurality of floor regions R surrounded by four pillars 30 adjacent to each other. Here, the floor region R means a rectangular region (region within a dotted line) connecting the material axes of the four pillars 30 adjacent to each other. In the center of the floor region R, a virtual rectangular region 40V surrounded by the columnar strips 40S and 40T described above is set.

  The columnar strips 40S and 40T extend in the arrow S direction and the arrow T direction, respectively. These columnar strips 40S and 40T are set as the following areas, for example. That is, assuming that the interval between the columns 30 arranged in the direction of the arrow S is La, the column array band 40T has a width of La / 4 from the material axis of the column 30 to both sides (= 2 × La / 4). Set as Similarly, if the interval between the columns 30 arranged in the direction of the arrow T is Lb, the column array band 40S has a width of Lb / 4 (= 2 × Lb / 4) from the material axis of the column 30 to both sides. It is set as a belt-like region having.

  When the columnar strips 40S and 40T are set as described above, in the virtual rectangular area 40V surrounded by these columnar strips 40S and 40T, the length of one side 40V1 along the arrow S direction (one horizontal direction) is La / 2, and the length of the other side 40V2 along the arrow T direction (other horizontal direction) is Lb / 2. An opening 46 is formed in the virtual rectangular area 40V. That is, in this embodiment, the opening 46 is formed in the center of the floor region R that avoids the columnar strips 40S and 40T.

  The opening 46 can be formed in at least a part of the virtual rectangular region 40V. That is, in the virtual rectangular area 40V, one large rectangular opening extending over the entire area may be formed. The shape and number of the openings 46 can be changed as appropriate. For example, a rectangular opening may be formed in the virtual rectangular area 40V, or a plurality of openings may be formed in the virtual rectangular area 40V. good. Furthermore, the “opening portion” here does not necessarily mean a portion where a part of the concrete slab 40 is opened, and is closed by a lid member made of concrete or the like after providing an opening portion in advance. In addition, an opening portion that is provided within the range of the virtual rectangular region 40V and that is not opened at the beginning of construction (an opening portion that is formed after starting operation) is also included.

  Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 1 shows a room area 20 partitioned into a plurality of rooms. A plurality of pillars 30 and pipe shafts 32 are arranged in a staggered pattern in the room region 20. In other words, the pipe shafts 32 are arranged in the room region 20 at approximately equal intervals in two horizontal directions (arrow S direction and arrow T direction).

As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the distance D from the predetermined water supply facility 52 to the vertical pipe 34 in the nearest pipe shaft 32 is shortened, so that these water supply equipment 52 and the vertical pipe 34 are connected. The length of the horizontal pulling pipe 54 is shortened. Accordingly, the length of the lateral pulling pipe 54 as shown by two-dot chain line in comparison with the case long, reducing the need height H ₁ of the underfloor space 44. Therefore, the floor height of the structure 10 can be lowered.

  The openings 46 formed in the concrete slab 40 on the adjacent floor are at least partially overlapped in plan view. Thereby, the vertical piping 34 can be laid linearly over several floors via the opening part 46 formed in the concrete slab 40 of an adjacent floor. In addition, as long as the opening part 46 is provided in the range of the virtual rectangular area 40V, it can implement suitably even if the opening parts 46 do not overlap in planar view.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the concrete slab 40 is a flat slab. Thereby, the beam-type ceiling space 50 from the lower surface of the concrete slab 40 does not protrude, it is possible to reduce the necessary height H ₂ of the ceiling space 50. Therefore, the floor height of the structure 10 can be further reduced.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, a spare pipe shaft 32 is provided in the room region 20 and a spare opening 46 is formed in the concrete slab 40. Therefore, for example, even if the water supply facility 52 is rearranged or newly installed in accordance with the layout change or usage change of the room region 20, the vertical pipe 34 is provided in the spare pipe shaft 32 and the opening 46. By appropriately laying, the distance D from the vertical pipe 34 to the watering facility 52 can be shortened. Therefore, the renewability of the room area 20 such as a floor plan change or a use change can be improved.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a virtual rectangular area 40V surrounded by the columnar strips 40S and 40T is set at the center of the floor area R of the concrete slab 40. An opening 46 for passing the vertical pipe 34 is formed in the rectangular region 40V. Thus, the proof strength and rigidity of the concrete slab 40 can be ensured by forming the opening 46 in the virtual rectangular region 40V that avoids the columnar strips 40S and 40T through which the seismic force flows.

  Further, the column division of the room region 20 is based on a general column division in which a plurality of columns 30 are arranged in two horizontal directions (arrow X direction and arrow Y direction) parallel and orthogonal to the earthquake resistant frame 12X. It is formed by omitting every other column 30 in the direction. In this case, the position of the omitted pillar 30 is substantially the center (schematic centroid) of the floor region R surrounded by the four pillars adjacent to each other. That is, the omitted position of the column 30 (corresponding to the pipe shaft 32) is an area where the seismic force is not greatly burdened. Therefore, by forming the opening 46 at the position of the omitted column 30, the plurality of openings 46 (vertical pipes 34) are arranged in two horizontal directions (arrow S direction and arrow) while ensuring the strength and rigidity of the concrete slab 40. (T direction) can be arranged at substantially equal intervals.

In addition, when every other column 30 is omitted as described above, the conditions for arranging the columns 30 in a direction inclined with respect to the earthquake-resistant frames 12X and 12Y are as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, L _X , L _Y > L _a , L _b when the intervals between the columns 30 adjacent to each other in the arrow X direction and the arrow Y direction are L _X and L _Y , respectively.

The above condition can be expressed by another formula as follows. That is, m _Y ≦ m _X <(3 ^1/2 ) m _{Y ,} where m _{X and} m _Y are the intervals in the arrow X direction and the arrow Y direction of the pillar 30 serving as the base. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 5, the inclination angle θ (see also FIG. 1) of the columns 30 with respect to the seismic frames 12X and 12Y is 30 ° <θ <60 °. Within the range satisfying these conditions, the arrangement direction of the pillars 30 can be appropriately inclined with respect to the earthquake resistant frames 12X and 12Y. Note that m _{X and} m _Y may be reversed in magnitude.

  Further, supplementing the slab reinforcement arrangement method of the concrete slab 40, as shown in FIG. 6, the slab reinforcement 60 of the concrete slab 40 is, for example, in the arrangement direction of the columns 30 (arrow S direction and arrow T direction). It is arranged along. At this time, in the columnar strips 40S and 40T through which the seismic force flows, the pitch of the slab bars 60 may be made narrower or the diameter of the reinforcing bars may be made thicker than other parts. In the example shown in FIG. 6, since the opening 46 is formed at a position where the amount of the slab reinforcement 60 is small, the proof strength and rigidity of the concrete slab 40 can be reasonably ensured. In addition, you may reinforce the peripheral part of the opening part 46 suitably. Reference numeral 62 denotes a reinforcing bar that reinforces the column base or the column head of the column 30.

In another example, as shown in FIG. 7, the slab reinforcement 60 is arranged along the arrow X direction and the arrow Y direction. At this time, for example, the arrangement amount of the slab reinforcement 60 is obtained by dividing the seismic force P flowing along the columnar belt 40T into a component force P _X in the arrow X direction and a component force P _Y in the arrow Y direction. component force _P X, may be appropriately set according to _{P Y.} In the example shown in FIG. 7, the slab reinforcement 60 is arranged in the same direction as the earthquake resistant frames 12X, 12Y and the frame 22, and can be easily arranged, so that the workability is improved.

  Note that the slab thickness of the columnar strips 40S and 40T can be partially increased.

  Next, a modification of the above embodiment will be described.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a plurality of pipe shafts 32 are arranged in the room region 20 at substantially equal intervals in the arrow S direction and the arrow T direction has been described, but the arrangement and number of the pipe shafts 32 can be appropriately changed. In the above embodiment, an example in which the spare pipe shaft 32 and the opening 46 in which the vertical pipe 34 is not laid is provided in the room region 20 is shown. However, the spare pipe shaft 32 and the opening 46 are also provided. It can be omitted as appropriate.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the example which passed the vertical piping 34 to the opening part 46 of the concrete slab 40 was shown, it is not restricted to this. Various equipment materials such as wiring and piping can be passed through the opening 46 for equipment. Further, the opening 46 can be used as a daylighting window such as a skylight. In this case, light can be taken in over a plurality of floors by overlapping the openings 46 formed in the concrete slab 40 on the adjacent floor in plan view.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the example which each formed the opening part 46 in the concrete slab 40 of multiple floors (for example, in the concrete slab 40 of the 2nd floor and the 3rd floor in a 5-story structure), this was shown, Not limited to. For example, each of the openings 46 may be formed in a plurality of floor regions 40R in the concrete slab 40 on a predetermined floor (for example, the third floor), or one of the openings on the concrete slab 40 on the predetermined floor (for example, the third floor). The opening 46 may be formed only in one floor region 40R.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, the example which inclined the arrangement | sequence direction of the some pillar 30 with respect to the earthquake-resistant frame 12X, 12Y provided in the outer side (the outer peripheral side of the structure 10 rather than the pillar 30) is shown. However, it is not limited to this. The arrangement direction of the pillars 30 may not be inclined with respect to the earthquake resistant frames 12X and 12Y.

  As mentioned above, although one embodiment of the present invention was described, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and one embodiment and various modifications may be used in combination as appropriate, and the gist of the present invention will be described. Of course, various embodiments can be implemented without departing from the scope.

10 Structure 12X Earthquake-resistant frame 12Y Earthquake-resistant frame 30 Column 40 Concrete slab 40V Virtual rectangular area 40V1 One side 40V2 Other side 46 Opening R Floor area arrow S Column arrangement direction (two horizontal directions)
Arrow T Column arrangement direction (horizontal two directions)
La Space between columns arranged in the direction of arrow S Lb Space between columns arranged in the direction of arrow T

Claims (3)

A plurality of columns arranged in two horizontal directions;
A concrete slab supported by the plurality of pillars;
A seismic frame provided outside the plurality of columns;
With
In the concrete slab, a floor region surrounded by the four pillars adjacent to each other is continuously formed adjacently,
At least one opening is formed in the center of the floor area ,
The arrangement direction of the plurality of columns is inclined with respect to the seismic frame.
Structure. The concrete slabs are provided on multiple floors,
The openings formed respectively in the floor region of the concrete slabs of the multiple floors overlap in plan view.
The structure according to claim 1. Among the two horizontal directions, when the interval between the columns arranged in one horizontal direction is La, and the interval between the columns arranged in the other horizontal direction is Lb,
The opening is formed in a virtual rectangular area set in the center of the floor area,
The virtual rectangular area has one side along the one horizontal direction and the length of the one side is La / 2, the other side is along the other horizontal direction and the length of the other side is Lb / 2. Yes,
The structure according to claim 1 or claim 2.

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