JP6582296B2 - Ship rudder and ship - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a marine rudder and a marine vessel that can increase the lateral force of the rudder that is generated when the rudder is turned and the rudder angle is taken while suppressing an increase in the drag of the rudder.

  In recent years, the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) has been introduced for ships, and guidelines for determining the minimum propulsion output that must not be lower than the propulsion output required to maintain the maneuverability of the ship in stormy sea conditions should be set and followed. Has occurred. Therefore, it is necessary to satisfy the maneuverability under stormy weather while reducing the main horsepower. In the evaluation of maneuverability under stormy weather, the effectiveness of the rudder attached in the wake of the stern propeller is more important for maneuvering.

  In other words, in a ship, a propeller such as a propeller and a rudder are provided at the stern, and the ship is tilted with respect to the forward direction by the lateral force of the rudder that is obtained by taking the rudder angle during steering. It is turning. Therefore, when the rudder has a large angle with respect to the flow direction in the wake with a high flow velocity immediately after the propeller, it is desirable to generate a large lift in the rudder. On the other hand, when the hull goes straight, the rudder drag is large. Because the resistance of the ship as a whole increases, the drag must be reduced. Therefore, development of a high lift rudder that generates a higher lift than a normal rudder and improves the effectiveness of the rudder is desired.

  As this high lift rudder, for example, a flat bar is connected to the rear end of the rudder main body so as to slightly protrude in the width direction with respect to the rear end of the rudder main body, and the horizontal sectional shape of the rudder main body is A high lift rudder has been proposed in which the first half is a streamlined convex curve that faces the rudder outward and the second half is formed in a follow shape that is inverted from the convex curve to a concave curve (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, as a high lift rudder, the rudder blade is made to project forward in a semicircular shape in the outline of the horizontal section, and the width is increased in a streamlined manner continuously to the front edge part, and then toward the minimum width part. A high lift rudder with a fish-shaped horizontal cross-section consisting of an intermediate part with gradually reduced width and a rear edge of a fishtail with gradually increased width toward the rear end of a predetermined width has been proposed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).

  However, these rudders, whose rear end portion has a larger width than the front portion thereof, generally have a large drag, and when the hull goes straight, the resistance of the entire ship tends to increase.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-276689 JP 2013-220697 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and its object is to increase the lateral force of the rudder that is generated when the rudder is turned and the rudder angle is obtained while suppressing an increase in the rudder drag. It is providing the rudder and ship which can carry out.

The ship rudder of the present invention for achieving the above object is a ship rudder, and in a side view, a first height that is 10% lower than the propeller central axis and a propeller central axis from the propeller central axis. A rudder shape change line is provided between the second height 60% above the propeller diameter, and below this rudder shape change line, a first position 10% ahead of the rudder cord length from the rear edge Between the rear edge and the second position 50% ahead of the rudder cord length, the rudder horizontal cross-sectional shape is concave with respect to the outside, or the rudder horizontal cross-sectional shape is concave with respect to the outside. together comprising providing a first narrow width section starting line formed by the virtual knuckle line of the fillet connecting the above than rudder shape change lines, and the first narrow width section start line and the intersection of the rudder shape change line, Connect the rear edge of the upper end of the rudder Providing the second narrow width portion starting line of horizontal cross-sectional shape of the rudder horizontal cross section of the knuckle line or steering as a concave shape is formed by the virtual knuckle line of the fillet connection to be concave relative to the outer to the outer With respect to the rudder cross-sectional shape, a blade cross section is formed between the front edge and the first narrow portion start line and between the front edge and the second narrow portion start line, and the first narrow portion is formed. Between the width part start line and the rear edge, it forms as a 1st narrow width part which makes the width | variety 50% or less of the maximum width of the rudder in the said rudder shape change line as a maximum width, and said 2nd narrow width A second narrow portion having a maximum width that is 50% or less of the maximum width of the rudder at the height between the first start line and the rear edge, and the first narrow portion and the second narrow portion. The cross-sectional shape of the section is constant or narrow from the front to the rear. Characterized in that it a shape.

  According to this configuration, when the rudder is turned off, a large force is generated at a portion where the first narrow-width portion starting line is substantially centered on the rudder surface on which the propeller wake flows. Therefore, a large lateral force can be generated. Moreover, since the water flow which hits the rudder for ships can be smoothly flowed along the second narrow width portion start line to the downstream side of the rudder for ships without causing separation, an increase in drag can be suppressed. Moreover, the effect as a high lift rudder can be exhibited because the rudder cross-sectional shape has a shape having the first narrow width portion or the second narrow width portion behind the blade cross section.

  Furthermore, the rudder cross-sectional shape above the rudder shape change line has a larger overall width than the rudder cross-sectional shape below the rudder shape change line. The shape is easy to maintain the desired strength.

  In the above-described marine rudder, when the first narrow-width portion start line is a straight line and the second narrow-width portion start line is a straight line in a side view of the marine rudder, the structure is simplified. It becomes easy to do and can reduce manufacturing cost. In other words, the first narrow-width portion start line and the second narrow-width portion start line do not necessarily have to be linear, and may be curved, but if they are straight, they have a simple shape and are easy to manufacture.

  In the above-described marine rudder, in the side view of the marine rudder, the inclination angle from the vertical direction of the first narrow-width portion start line is set to be positive from the minus 60 degrees to plus 55 degrees, with the upward direction being the forward angle. When the inclination angle from the vertical direction of the second narrow portion start line is in the range of minus 60 degrees to minus 5 degrees, a large lateral force is generated while suppressing an increase in the drag force. It becomes a more suitable shape.

  In the above-mentioned marine rudder, the rudder cross-sectional shape hits the marine rudder when the width is narrowed from one or both of the first narrow width portion or the second narrow width portion from the front to the rear. Since the water flow can flow smoothly on the rear side of the ship rudder, an increase in drag can be suppressed.

  In the above-described marine rudder, in the side view of the marine vessel rudder, two rudder shape change lines are provided to form a lower rudder shape change line and an upper rudder shape change line, and the lower rudder The first narrow portion start line is provided below the shape change line, the second narrow portion start line is provided above the upper rudder shape change line, and the lower rudder shape change line and the A third narrow portion start line is provided between the upper narrow shape start line and the first narrow portion start line so as to be continuous with the first narrow portion start line, and the third narrow portion start is started. By forming the space between the line and the rear edge as the third narrow part with the maximum width of 50% or less of the maximum width of the rudder at that height, it can efficiently cope with a wider variety of propeller wakes. Will be able to.

  The ship of the present invention for achieving the above object is provided with the above-described ship rudder, and can exhibit the same effects as the above-described ship rudder.

  According to the marine rudder and marine vessel of the present invention, it is possible to increase the lateral force of the rudder that is generated when the rudder is turned and the rudder angle is obtained while suppressing an increase in the rudder drag. Thereby, since the effectiveness of the rudder is improved, the propulsion output necessary for maintaining the maneuverability of the ship in the stormy weather can be reduced, and the maneuverability under the stormy weather can be satisfied while reducing the main horsepower.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side view including a rudder cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a marine rudder according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of the rudder for ships of FIG. It is the rear view seen from the back of the rudder for ships of FIG. It is a horizontal sectional view of the rudder in the upper end part of the rudder for ships of FIG. It is a horizontal sectional view of the rudder in the rudder shape change line of the boat rudder of FIG. It is a horizontal sectional view of the rudder at the height of the propeller central axis of the marine rudder of FIG. It is a horizontal sectional view of the rudder in the lower end part of the rudder for ships of FIG. It is a side view which shows typically the structure of the rudder for ships of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows typically the structure of the rudder for ships of the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows typically the structure of the rudder for ships of the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a rear view of the rudder for ships of another composition. It is a rear view of the boat rudder of another structure. It is a side view including a rudder cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a marine rudder according to the prior art. It is a rear view of the rudder for ships of FIG.

  Hereinafter, a rudder for a ship and a ship according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The forward direction of the ship is the X direction, the port direction is the Y direction, and the upward direction is the Z direction. Further, the drawings are schematically shown, and the ratio of dimensions in the drawings is not necessarily the same as that of an actual machine.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the ship 1 and the ship rudder (hereinafter referred to as a rudder) 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention are arranged on the rear side of the propeller 2 and are located in the stern of the ship 1. Is rotated around the steering column 14 by a steering column 14 connected to a steering machine (not shown). As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the rudder 10X according to the prior art is configured such that the width of the rudder 10X gradually becomes narrower as the blade cross-sectional shape extends in the vertical direction and goes downward.

  On the other hand, in the rudder 10 of this embodiment, in a side view of the rudder, a first height H1 that is 10% below the propeller center axis Pc and 60% of the propeller diameter Dp from the propeller center axis Pc. %, A rudder shape change line La is provided at a height Ha between the second height H2 and the second height H2. The first height H1 and the second height H2 are more preferably 10% above the propeller center axis Pc and 10% above the propeller center axis Pc and 40% above the propeller center axis Pc, respectively. .

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4 to 7, below the rudder shape change line La, from the first position P 1 and the rear edge 11 that are 10% ahead of the rudder cord length Lc from the rear edge 11. A first narrow width portion start line Ls1 is provided between the second position P2 and 50% ahead of the rudder cord length Lc. The first position P1 and the second position P2 are more preferably 20% forward of the rudder cord length Lc from the rear edge 11 and 40% forward of the rudder cord length Lc from the rear edge 11. .

  In the rudder 10 of the first embodiment, below the rudder shape change line La, the rudder cord length Lc remains the same in the vertical direction (Z direction). Further, the first narrow portion start line Ls1 is in the vertical direction. In other words, in the side view of the rudder, the inclination angle α1 from the vertical direction Lv of the first narrow-width portion start line Ls1 is zero, with the angle that the upper side goes forward as a plus.

  Also, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, above the rudder shape change line La, an intersection P3 between the first narrow portion start line Ls1 and the rudder shape change line La and the rudder shape change line La A second narrow width portion start line Ls2 connecting the rear edge 11a of the upper end portion 12 is provided. The inclination angle α2 of the second narrow-width-part start line Ls2 from the vertical direction Lv is set in the range of minus 60 degrees to minus 5 degrees, preferably minus 30 degrees to minus 10 degrees.

Here, the first narrow width portion start line Ls1 and the second narrow width portion start line Ls are knuckle lines in which the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the rudder is concave with respect to the outside or the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the rudder is concave with respect to the outside. formed by a virtual knuckle line of the fillet connection a shape.

  And as shown in FIG.3 and FIG.4, while regarding the rudder cross-sectional shape above the rudder shape change line La, between the front edge 13 and the 2nd narrow part start line Ls2 is formed in the blade cross section. , Between the second narrow width portion start line Ls2 and the rear edge 11, the width Ba (Hz) of 50% or less, more preferably 25% or less of the maximum width Br (Hz) of the rudder 10 at the height Hz is maximized. The second narrow width portion Rn2 is formed to be large. In the rudder 10 of this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the front edge 13 of the rudder 10 extends forward as it goes upward. As for the width of the rudder cross section, as shown in FIG. 3, the width at each front and rear position including the maximum width Br (Hz) in the cross section gradually increases as it goes upward.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, regarding the rudder cross-sectional shape below the rudder shape change line La, the wing cross-section is formed between the front edge 13 and the first narrow width portion start line Ls <b> 1. , 50% or less, more preferably 25%, of the maximum width Bra (= Br (Ha)) of the rudder 10 at the height Ha of the rudder shape change line La between the first narrow width portion start line Ls and the rear edge 11. It is formed as the first narrow width portion Rn1 having the following width Ba (Hz) as the maximum width.

  The first narrow-width portion start line Ls1 and the second narrow-width portion start line Ls2 do not necessarily have to be linear, and may be curved, but if they are straight, they have a simple shape and are easy to manufacture. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4 to 7, in the side view of the rudder, when the first narrow portion start line Ls1 is a straight line and the second narrow portion start line Ls2 is a straight line, Structurally simple, easy to work and can reduce manufacturing costs.

  Moreover, according to this rudder cross-sectional shape, it becomes a shape which has 1st narrow width part Rn1 or 2nd narrow width part Rn2 behind a blade cross section, The effect as a high lift rudder can also be exhibited. In the fishtail shape, the width (thickness) of the rear end portion is wider (thicker) than the front, whereas the first narrow width portion Rn1 and the second narrow width portion Rn2 The width of the part will not be wider than the front. In other words, they are the same width or narrower.

  Moreover, regarding the rudder cross-sectional shape, the widths of the first narrow width portion Rn1 and the second narrow width portion Rn2 can be constant, but either the first narrow width portion Rn1 or the second narrow width portion Rn2 Alternatively, by forming both of them so that the width becomes narrower from the front to the rear, even when the rudder 10 is turned off or when the rudder angle is set to zero, the water flow impinging on the rudder 10 is not separated without causing separation. Since it can flow more smoothly on the side, an increase in the drag of the rudder 10 can be suppressed. In this rudder cross-sectional shape, the way of narrowing the width may be linear or curved. It should be noted that the workability is improved by using a straight line rather than a curved line.

  As for the width of the rudder cross section, as shown in FIG. 3, the width at each front-rear position including the maximum width Br (Hz) in the cross section gradually becomes narrower as it goes downward. In FIG. 3, the upper end portion 12 of the rudder is narrowed relatively gently from the rudder shape change line La, and the lower end portion 15 of the rudder shape change line La is narrowed relatively rapidly. With respect to this width, as shown in FIG. 11, the same width may be provided from the upper end portion 12 of the rudder to the rudder shape change line La, and the width from the rudder shape change line La to the lower end portion 15 of the rudder may be narrowed. . Further, in a small rudder or the like, as shown in FIG. 12, the same width may be used from the upper end portion 12 of the rudder to the lower end portion 15 of the rudder.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, in the rudder 10A of the second embodiment and the rudder 10B of the third embodiment, in the side view of the rudder, the angle at which the upper side goes forward is added as a plus. The inclination angle α1 of the 1 narrow-width portion start line Ls1 from the vertical direction Lv is in the range of minus 60 degrees to plus 55 degrees, preferably minus 40 degrees to plus 35 degrees. In FIG. 8, the inclination angle α1 is positive, and in FIG. 9, the inclination angle α1 is negative.

  In addition, the inclination angle α2 of the second narrow-width portion start line Ls2 from the vertical direction Lv is set in the range of −60 degrees to −5 degrees, preferably −30 degrees to −10 degrees. Thereby, the shape of the rudder 10 can be made a shape more suitable for generating a large lateral force while suppressing an increase in the drag force.

  As shown in FIG. 10, in the rudder 10C of the fourth embodiment, two rudder shape change lines La are provided in a side view of the rudder, and the lower rudder shape change line La1 and the upper rudder It is assumed that the shape change line La2. At the same time, a first narrow portion start line Ls1 is provided below the lower rudder shape change line La1, and a second narrow portion start line Ls2 is provided above the upper rudder shape change line La2.

  Further, the third narrow portion start line Ls3 is changed to the first narrow portion start line Ls1 and the second narrow portion start line Ls2 between the lower rudder shape change line La1 and the upper rudder shape change line La2. Each is provided continuously. In FIG. 10, the third narrow-width portion start line Ls3 is a vertical straight line, but is not necessarily limited to a vertical straight line, and may be a straight line that is inclined from the vertical direction. There may be.

  Further, a width Ba (Hz) of 50% or less, more preferably 25% or less of the maximum rudder width Br (Hz) at the height Hz between the third narrow-width portion start line Ls3 and the rear edge 11 is set. A third narrow portion Rn3 having the maximum width is formed. The third narrow width portion Rn3 is formed in the same manner as the first narrow width portion Rn1 and the second narrow width portion Rn2. That is, the width of the third narrow width portion Rn3 can be constant, but the third narrow width portion Rn3 may be formed so that the width becomes narrower from the front to the rear.

  In other words, the rudder 10C of the fourth embodiment of FIG. 10 includes the rudder 10 of the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 7, the rudder 10A of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8, and FIG. The rudder cross section of the rudder shape change line La has a vertically expanded shape with respect to the rudder 10B of the third embodiment shown in FIG. However, the rudder cross-sectional shape between the lower rudder shape change line La1 and the upper rudder shape change line La2 may be the same in the vertical direction, depending on the shape of the third narrow-width portion start line Ls3. May change continuously.

  By adopting the configuration of the rudder 10C of the fourth embodiment, it becomes possible to efficiently cope with a wider variety of propeller wakes.

  Here, the front edge 13 of the rudder 10 gradually recedes from the upper end 12 of the rudder to the rudder shape change line La as it goes downward, and from the rudder shape change line La to the lower end 15 of the rudder, Although it is the same front-rear position and is not particularly retracted as it goes downward, in the present invention, even from the rudder shape change line La to the lower end portion 15 of the rudder, the front edge 13 may recede as it goes downward. The shape of the front edge 13 in the side view of the rudder is not particularly limited.

  Further, the rear edge 11 of the rudder 10 is in the same front-rear position from the upper end 12 of the rudder to the lower end 15 of the rudder, and is not particularly retracted as it goes downward. Also from the line La to the lower end portion 15 of the rudder, the rear edge 11 may move backward or forward as it goes downward, and the shape of the rear edge 11 in the side view of the rudder is not particularly limited.

  Further, an end plate (not shown) having a horizontal surface may be provided at the lower end portion 15 of the rudder, and a valve for rectifying the propeller wake may be provided at the rudder 10 at the position of the propeller central axis Pc. .

  Furthermore, although not particularly illustrated, the present invention may be applied to a rudder with a reaction rudder, fins (ladder fins), or a rudder whose lower part is divided into two. As the rudder whose lower part is divided into two, for example, it is connected to a rudder composed of a combination of sub rudder crossing the vertical rudder when viewed from the stern direction at the lower end of the vertical rudder connected to the rudder shaft, or to the rudder shaft There is a rudder or the like in which two sub rudders are connected to the lower end of the vertical rudder so as to have a bifurcated shape when viewed from the stern direction, and one or a plurality of bent portions are provided on the sub rudder.

  And the ship 1 of embodiment which concerns on this invention is provided with said rudder 10, 10A, 10B, 10C.

  According to the rudder (ruder for ship) 10, 10A, 10B, 10C and the ship 1 provided with this rudder 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, when the rudder 10, 10A, 10B, 10C is turned off, after the propeller Since a large force is generated at a portion around the first narrow-width portion start line Ls1 when the propeller wake is applied to the rudder surface to which the flow hits, a large lateral force can be generated.

  Moreover, since the water flow which hits this rudder 10, 10A, 10B, 10C can be smoothly flowed without causing separation on the rear side of the rudder 10, 10A, 10B, 10C along the second narrow width portion start line Ls2, An increase in drag can be suppressed. Further, since the rudder cross-sectional shape has the first narrow width portion Rn1 and the second narrow width portion Rn2 or further the third narrow width portion Rn3 behind the blade cross section, the effect as a high lift rudder is also obtained. Can demonstrate.

  Furthermore, the rudder cross-sectional shape above the rudder shape change line La has a larger overall width than the rudder cross-sectional shape below the rudder shape change line La, so the upper side of the rudder 10, 10A, 10B, 10C. In the structure that supports the entire rudder, the shape is easy to maintain the structural strength.

1, 1X Ship 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10X Rudder (ship rudder)
11 Rear edge 11a Rear edge of rudder upper end 12 Rudder upper end 13 Front edge 14 Rudder column 15 Rudder lower end Ba Maximum width Br of the first, second, and third narrow portions at each height of the rudder Maximum width Bra at each height of Bra Maximum width of rudder at rudder shape change line Brc Maximum width of rudder at propeller central axis Dp Propeller diameter H1 First height H2 Second height Ha Height of rudder shape change line La Rudder shape Change line La1 Lower rudder shape change line La2 Upper rudder shape change line Lc Rudder cord length Ls1 First narrow portion start line Ls2 Second narrow portion start line Ls3 Third narrow portion start line P1 First Position P2 Second position P3 Intersection Pc of first narrow width portion start line and rudder shape change line Propeller central axis Rn1 First narrow width portion Rn2 Second narrow width portion Rn3 Third narrow width portion α1 First narrow width portion start La Inclination angle α2 from the vertical direction of the inner Inclination angle from the vertical direction of the second narrow-width portion start line

Claims (6)

A rudder for a ship, in a side view, between a first height that is 10% lower than the propeller central axis and a second height that is 60% higher than the propeller central axis and a second height that is 60% higher than the propeller central axis. A change line is provided, and below this rudder shape change line, a first position 10% ahead of the rudder cord length from the rear edge and a second position 50% ahead of the rudder cord length from the rear edge. during, concave and concave and the first narrow width portion starts to be formed by the virtual knuckle line of the fillet connection comprising a horizontal cross-sectional shape of the knuckle line or rudder to the outer composed horizontal sectional shape to the outer rudder A horizontal cross-sectional shape of the rudder that connects the intersection of the first narrow width portion start line and the rudder shape change line and the rear edge of the upper end of the rudder above the rudder shape change line. NACK but to be concave relative to the outer Line or horizontal cross-sectional shape of the rudder is provided a second narrow width portion starting line formed by the virtual knuckle line of the fillet connection to be concave relative to the outer,
Regarding the rudder cross-sectional shape, a blade cross section is formed between the front edge and the first narrow width portion start line and between the front edge and the second narrow width portion start line, and
Between the first narrow width portion start line and the rear edge is formed as a first narrow width portion having a maximum width of 50% or less of the maximum width of the rudder in the rudder shape change line, and A space between the second narrow width portion start line and the rear edge is formed as a second narrow width portion having a maximum width of 50% or less of the maximum width of the rudder at the height, and the first narrow width portion and the The cross-sectional shape of the second narrow width portion is a ship rudder characterized in that the width is constant or the width becomes narrower from the front to the rear.   The ship rudder according to claim 1, wherein the first narrow-width part start line is a straight line and the second narrow-width part start line is a straight line in a side view of the ship rudder.   In the side view of the ship rudder, the angle from which the upper part goes forward is set as plus, and the inclination angle from the vertical direction of the first narrow portion start line is set in the range of minus 60 degrees to plus 55 degrees, 3. The ship rudder according to claim 2, wherein an inclination angle of the second narrow-width-part start line from a vertical direction is in a range of −60 degrees to −5 degrees.   4. The steering section according to claim 1, wherein the width of the rudder cross-sectional shape is narrowed from one of the first narrow width portion and the second narrow width portion or both from the front to the rear. The rudder for ships described in 1. In the side view of the ship rudder, two rudder shape change lines are provided to form a lower rudder shape change line and an upper rudder shape change line, and below the lower rudder shape change line, Providing the first narrow width part start line, the second narrow width part start line above the upper rudder shape change line,
And a 3rd narrow part start line is set to the 1st narrow part start line and the 2nd narrow part start line between the lower rudder shape change line and the upper rudder form change line, respectively. It is provided continuously, and is formed as a third narrow portion having a maximum width of 50% or less of the maximum width of the rudder at the height between the start line of the third narrow portion and the rear edge. The rudder for ships according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   A ship comprising the ship rudder according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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