JP6472384B2 - 断熱膜、および断熱膜構造 - Google Patents
断熱膜、および断熱膜構造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6472384B2 JP6472384B2 JP2015549057A JP2015549057A JP6472384B2 JP 6472384 B2 JP6472384 B2 JP 6472384B2 JP 2015549057 A JP2015549057 A JP 2015549057A JP 2015549057 A JP2015549057 A JP 2015549057A JP 6472384 B2 JP6472384 B2 JP 6472384B2
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- filler
- porous plate
- heat insulating
- insulating film
- heat
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
- F02F3/12—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/30—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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Description
図1に多孔質板状フィラー1の一実施形態を示す。多孔質板状フィラー1は、アスペクト比が3以上の板状で、その最小長が0.1〜50μmであり、気孔率が20〜90%である。気孔率は、より好ましくは40〜85%であり、さらに好ましくは50〜80%である。気孔率を20%以上とすることにより、多孔質板状フィラー1の熱伝導率を低くすることができ、90%以下とすることにより、強度を確保することができる。本明細書において、気孔率は、次の式により求めたものである。
気孔率(%)=(1−(見かけ粒子密度÷真密度))×100
上記の式において、見かけ粒子密度は、水銀を用いた液浸法により測定する。また、真密度は、多孔質板状フィラーを十分に粉砕した後、ピクノメータ法で測定する。
コーティング組成物は、上述の多孔質板状フィラー1と、無機バインダー、無機高分子、有機無機ハイブリッド材料、酸化物ゾル、及び水ガラスからなる群より選択される一種以上と、を含む。さらに、緻密質なフィラー、粘性調整剤、溶媒、分散剤等を含んでいてもよい。コーティング組成物を塗布、乾燥及び/又は熱処理することにより、断熱膜3を形成することができる。コーティング組成物に含まれる具体的な物質は、セメント、ベントナイト、リン酸アルミニウム、シリカゾル、アルミナゾル、ベーマイトゾル、ジルコニアゾル、チタニアゾル、オルトケイ酸テトラメチル、オルトケイ酸テトラエチル、ポリシラザン、ポリカルボシラン、ポリビニルシラン、ポリメチルシラン、ポリシロキサン、ポリシルセスキオキサン、シリコーン、ジオポリマー、ケイ酸ナトリウム等である。また、有機無機ハイブリッド材料の場合、アクリル−シリカ系ハイブリッド材料、エボキシ−シリカ系ハイブリッド材料、フェノール−シリカ系ハイブリッド材料、ポリカーボネート−シリカ系ハイブリッド材料、ナイロン−シリカ系ハイブリッド材料、ナイロン−クレイ系ハイブリッド材料、アクリル−アルミナ系ハイブリッド材料、アクリル−ケイ酸カルシウム水和物系ハイブリッド材料などが望ましい。
図3Aを用いて、断熱膜3を説明する。本発明の断熱膜3は、上述の多孔質板状フィラー1が、多孔質板状フィラー1を結合するためのマトリックス3mに分散して配置されている。マトリックス3mとは、多孔質板状フィラー1の周囲やこれらの粒子間に存在する成分であり、これらの粒子間を結合する成分である。
図3A、及び図4を用いて本発明の断熱膜構造を説明する。本発明の断熱膜構造は、図3Aに示すように、上述の断熱膜3が、基材8上に形成された断熱膜構造である。さらに、図4は、断熱膜構造の一実施形態のエンジン燃焼室構造である。
表面緻密層2は、多孔質な構造の断熱膜3の表面に形成された断熱膜3よりも緻密なセラミックスを含む層である。表面緻密層2は、気孔率が5%以下であり、0.01〜4%であることが好ましく、0.01〜3%であることがより好ましい。このような緻密層により、燃料の燃焼時のガス(燃料)の対流による熱伝達を防止することができる。また緻密なため、燃料の吸収やスス、燃えカスが付着しにくい。
緩衝接合層4は、基材8(エンジン構成部材21)と断熱膜3との間、および/または断熱膜3と表面緻密層2との間にある、厚さが断熱膜3よりも薄い層である。緩衝接合層4により、これに接する両層の熱膨張やヤング率のミスマッチを解消し、熱応力による剥離を抑制することができる。
次に、断熱膜構造の製造方法についてエンジン燃焼室構造を例として説明する。
まず、イットリア部分安定化ジルコニア粉末に、造孔材(ラテックス粒子あるいはメラミン樹脂粒子)、バインダーとしてのポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB)、可塑剤としてのDOP、溶剤としてのキシレンおよび1−ブタノールを加え、ボールミルにて30時間混合し、グリーンシート成形用スラリーを調製した。このスラリーに真空脱泡処理を施すことにより、粘度を4000cpsに調整した後、ドクターブレード装置によって焼成後の厚さが10μmとなるようにグリーンシートを形成し、50mm×50mmの寸法に外形切断を行った。この成形体を1100℃、1時間にて焼成し、焼成後に粉砕して多孔質な薄板状フィラー(多孔質板状フィラー1)を得た。
気孔率(%)=(1−(見かけ粒子密度÷真密度))×100
上記の式において、見かけ粒子密度は、水銀を用いた液浸法により測定した。また、真密度は、多孔質板状フィラー1を十分に粉砕した後、ピクノメータ法で測定した。
断熱膜3の厚さ方向に平行な断面をSEMで観察した。断面における多孔質板状フィラー1、マトリックス3mの面積から、多孔質板状フィラー1とマトリックス3mの体積割合を算出した。
断熱膜の厚さ方向に平行な断面をSEMで観察した。厚さ方向の断面において、第一表面から反対側の第二表面に厚さ方向に線を引いた。その線が多孔質板状フィラー上にある線分の長さの和と、マトリックス上にある線分の長さの和を求め、フィラー割合とマトリックス割合を算出した。
レーザーフラッシュ2層モデルにて断熱膜3の厚さ方向に平行な断面における熱伝導率を測定した。
断熱膜3の熱容量は、断熱膜3を粉砕した後、DSC法で比熱を測定し、比熱×密度(見かけ粒子密度)の積から算出した。
200℃−室温の冷熱サイクルを10回行い、断熱膜3がSUS基板から剥離していないかを観察した。剥離性の結果について、剥離無し(優)を◎、剥離無し(良)を○、剥離有り(不可)を×として示す。
実施例1〜7,比較例1、2と同様の工程で多孔質板状フィラー1を得た。その後、実施例1〜7,比較例1、2と同様の方法で多孔質板状フィラーのアスペクト比、気孔率、粒径、熱伝導率、熱容量を求め、表1に示した。
Claims (11)
- アスペクト比が3以上の板状で、その最小長が0.1〜50μmであり、気孔率が20〜90%である多孔質板状フィラーが、前記多孔質板状フィラーを結合するためのマトリックスに分散しており、前記多孔質板状フィラー:前記マトリックスの体積割合が50:50〜95:5であり、さらに、厚さ方向に平行な断面において、第一表面から反対側の第二表面に厚さ方向に線を引いたとき、前記多孔質板状フィラー上にある線分の長さの和と、前記マトリックス上にある線分の長さの和が、50:50〜95:5である断熱膜。
- 前記多孔質板状フィラーは、熱伝導率が1W/(m・K)以下である請求項1に記載の断熱膜。
- 前記多孔質板状フィラーは、熱容量が10〜3000kJ/(m3・K)である請求項1または2に記載の断熱膜。
- 前記多孔質板状フィラーは、ナノオーダーの気孔を含んで構成される請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の断熱膜。
- 前記多孔質板状フィラーは、金属酸化物を含む請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の断熱膜。
- 前記多孔質板状フィラーは、粒径が1nm〜10μmである粒子を含んで構成されている請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の断熱膜。
- 熱容量が1500kJ/(m3・K)以下である請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の断熱膜。
- 熱伝導率が1.5W/(m・K)以下である請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の断熱膜。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の断熱膜が、基材上に形成された断熱膜構造。
- 前記断熱膜の表面に、セラミックスおよび/またはガラスを含み、気孔率が5%以下である表面緻密層を有する請求項9に記載の断熱膜構造。
- 前記基材と前記断熱膜との間、および/または前記断熱膜と表面緻密層との間に、厚さが前記断熱膜よりも薄い緩衝接合層を備える請求項10に記載の断熱膜構造。
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-
2014
- 2014-11-04 JP JP2015549057A patent/JP6472384B2/ja active Active
- 2014-11-04 EP EP14863720.0A patent/EP3073171A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-11-04 WO PCT/JP2014/079262 patent/WO2015076098A1/ja not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2015076098A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
| EP3073171A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
| US10385801B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
| US20160258383A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
| EP3073171A4 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
| WO2015076098A1 (ja) | 2015-05-28 |
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