JP6158931B2 - ナノセルラー熱可塑性フォームおよびその作製プロセス - Google Patents
ナノセルラー熱可塑性フォームおよびその作製プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6158931B2 JP6158931B2 JP2015533119A JP2015533119A JP6158931B2 JP 6158931 B2 JP6158931 B2 JP 6158931B2 JP 2015533119 A JP2015533119 A JP 2015533119A JP 2015533119 A JP2015533119 A JP 2015533119A JP 6158931 B2 JP6158931 B2 JP 6158931B2
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- thermoplastic polymer
- polymer
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 143
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 50
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- UGAGPNKCDRTDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UGAGPNKCDRTDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO NOPFSRXAKWQILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJCJVMMDTBEITC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-hydroxycapric acid Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O YJCJVMMDTBEITC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N semicarbazide Chemical compound NNC(N)=O DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011145 styrene acrylonitrile resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBYCSRICVDBHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O CBYCSRICVDBHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTUXEFFFLOVXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZTUXEFFFLOVXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3469—Cell or pore nucleation
- B29C44/348—Cell or pore nucleation by regulating the temperature and/or the pressure, e.g. suppression of foaming until the pressure is rapidly decreased
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0042—Use of organic additives containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2025/04—Polymers of styrene
- B29K2025/06—PS, i.e. polystyrene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
- B29K2033/08—Polymers of acrylic acid esters, e.g. PMA, i.e. polymethylacrylate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0007—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
- B29K2995/0015—Insulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/042—Nanopores, i.e. the average diameter being smaller than 0,1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/08—Copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/12—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated nitriles
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2333/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C08J2333/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
Landscapes
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
セロチン酸(ヘキサコサン酸)、リグノセリン酸(テトラコサン酸)、ベヘン酸(ドコサン酸)、アラキジン酸(エイコサン酸)、ステアリン酸(オクタデカン酸)、パルミチン酸(ヘキサデカン酸)、ミリスチン酸(テトラデカン酸)、ラウリン酸(ドデカン酸)、カプリン酸(デカン酸)、カプリル酸(オクタン酸)、およびブタン酸から選択されるカルボン酸;
24−ヒドロキシテトラコサン酸、20−ヒドロキシエイコサン酸、16−ヒドロキシヘキサデカン酸、12−ヒドロキシドデカン酸、11−ヒドロキシウンデカン酸、および10−ヒドロキシデカン酸から選択されるヒドロキシル酸;
オレイルアルコール(9−オクタデセ−1−オール)、カプリルアルコール(1−オクタノール)、カプリンアルコール(1−デカノール)、ラウリルアルコール(1−ドデカノール)、ミリスチルアルコール(1−テトラデカノール)、セチルアルコール(1−ヘキサデカノール)、ステアリルアルコール(1−オクタデカノール)、アラキジルアルコール(1−エイコサノール)、ベヘニルアルコール(1−ドコサノール)、リグノセリルアルコール(1−テトラコサノール)、およびセリルアルコール(1−ヘキサコサノール)から選択されるアルコール;
エチルブタノエート、エチルヘキサノエート、エチルオクタノエート、エチルデカノエート、エチルドデカノエート、エチルテトラデカノエート、エチルパルミテート、およびエチルエイコサノエートから選択されるエチルエステル;ならびに
ヘキサナールおよびデカナールから選択されるアルデヒド。
p%=[1−(ρf)/(ρm)]×100%
p=[1−(ρf)/(ρm)]
(a)フォームを冷凍破砕することによってポリマーフォームの断面を作製する;
(b)走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)によって断面の代表的な部分を検査する(代表的な部分は、2μm×10μm〜10μm×10μmの範囲の寸法を有する);
(c)断面の部分において、無作為の50〜200個のセルのセル径(セルを横切る距離、例えば、直径)を測定する;および(d)測定した全ての径の平均を求める。
以下の選択実施例において用いる多面体シルセスキオキサン(POSS)のマスターバッチを以下のように調製する。Hybrid Plastics Inc.(カタログ番号MA0735)製のPOSSを得る。1gのPOSSを4gのエタノールに溶解し、得られた溶液を、実施例で以下に特定している、49gの粉末形態の熱可塑性ポリマーに添加し、Haakeブレンダにおいて180℃で60rpmの混合速度を用いて10分間、一緒に配合する。得られた溶融物の上方にある蒸気空間におけるエタノール分を、窒素を用いて低減する。マスターバッチをHaakeミキサーから除去し、室温まで冷却する。得られたマスターバッチは、熱可塑性ポリマー100重量部あたり2重量部のPOSSを含有する。
ポリマー、ハンセン添加剤、および、規定される場合にはPOSSマスターバッチをHaakeブレンダにおいて180℃で60rpmの混合速度にて10分間一緒にバッチ混合することによって、各実施例の熱可塑性ポリマー組成物を調製する。連続ポリマー相組成物を、1.5mmの厚さを有するプラークに、200℃かつ8.6MPsの圧力において2分間にわたって圧縮成形し、コポリマーシートを形成する。プラークを4〜6mmの幅および20mmの長さを有する片に切断し、発泡プロセスにおいて用いる。
比較例Aおよび実施例1〜4:カルボン酸ハンセン添加剤
熱可塑性ポリマーとしてのSP2、30MPaの浸漬圧、6時間の浸漬時間および35℃の浸漬温度を用いて以下の比較例A(ハンセン添加剤なし)および実施例1〜4を調製する。二次膨張は行わない。比較例Aおよび実施例1〜4は、7mLの容器および0.7〜1.5GPa/秒の間の減圧速度を用いて行う。表3は、比較例Aおよび実施例1〜4の特性評価を包含している。
熱可塑性ポリマーとしてのSP2、33MPaの浸漬圧、6時間の浸漬時間および40℃の浸漬温度を用いて以下の比較例B(ハンセン添加剤なし)および実施例5〜8を調製する。得られたフォームを処理して水浴中70℃で3分間にわたって二次膨張させる。比較例Bおよび実施例5〜8は、7mLの容器および0.7〜1.5GPa/秒の間の減圧速度を用いて行う。表4は、比較例Bおよび実施例5〜8の特性評価を包含している。
熱可塑性ポリマーとしてのSAN1、33MPaの浸漬圧、24時間の浸漬時間および30℃の浸漬温度を用いて以下の比較例E(ハンセン添加剤なし)および実施例15〜16を調製する。熱水浴において60℃で3分間、二次膨張を行う。比較例Dおよび実施例15〜16は、それぞれ、熱可塑性ポリマー100重量部あたり0.25重量部のPOSSを含有する。比較例Eおよび実施例15〜16は、50mLの容器および2.5〜3GPa/秒の間の減圧速度を用いて行う。表7は、比較例Eおよび実施例15〜16の特性評価を包含している。
Claims (10)
- 熱可塑性ポリマーフォームを調製するためのプロセスであって:
(a)スチレンポリマーおよび(メタ)アクリルポリマーから選択される熱可塑性ポリマーを付与する工程と;
(b)前記熱可塑性ポリマーを、二酸化炭素と2未満だけ異なる合計ハンセン溶解度パラメータを有する1種以上の添加剤において、合計濃度が熱可塑性ポリマー100重量部を基準にして1.5重量部以下かつ0.01重量部以上である前記1種以上の添加剤と配合して、熱可塑性ポリマー化合物を形成する工程と;
(c)工程(b)の前または後のいずれかにおいて、前記熱可塑性ポリマーに、発泡を防止するのに十分な初期圧力で、発泡剤の合計モル数を基準にして20モル%以上の二酸化炭素を含む発泡剤を組み込む工程と;
(d)前記熱可塑性ポリマー化合物における前記圧力を低減することにより、前記発泡剤が、前記熱可塑性ポリマーを膨張させて、70%以上の空隙率を有し、かつ(i)200ナノメータ以下の平均セル径;および(ii)発泡剤を含まない発泡性ポリマー組成物の立方センチメートルあたり少なくとも1×1015の有効核形成部位の核形成密度;のうち少なくとも一方を有する熱可塑性ポリマーフォームとする工程と;
を含み、前記熱可塑性ポリマーおよび前記熱可塑性ポリマーフォームは、トリブロックコポリマー、および2−ヒドロカルビル−3,3−ビス(ヒドロキシフェニル)フタルイミジン化合物から誘導されるポリマーを含まず、工程(d)における圧力減少が7,500MPa/s以下である速度で起こる、プロセス。 - さらに、スチレンポリマーがスチレン−アクリロニトリルコポリマーから選択され、(メタ)アクリルポリマーが(メタ)アクリルコポリマーから選択される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記(メタ)アクリルポリマーが、合計熱可塑性ポリマー重量の95重量パーセント以上である、請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1〜3のうちの一項のプロセスによって得ることができる熱可塑性ポリマーフォーム物品であって、前記熱可塑性フォーム物品が、内部に複数のセルを画定する連続ポリマーマトリクスを形成する前記熱可塑性ポリマーを含み:
(a)二酸化炭素と2未満だけ異なる合計ハンセン溶解度パラメータを有する1種以上の添加剤において、合計濃度が熱可塑性ポリマーマトリクスにおける熱可塑性ポリマー100重量部を基準にして1.5重量部以下かつ0.1重量部以上である1種以上の添加剤と;
(b)70%以上の空隙率と;
(c)(i)200ナノメータ以下の平均セル径;および
(ii)発泡性ポリマー組成物の立方センチメートルあたり少なくとも1015の有効核形成部位の核形成密度;のうちの少なくとも一方と
を有し、
さらに、トリブロックコポリマー、および2−ヒドロカルビル−3,3−ビス(ヒドロキシフェニル)フタルイミジン化合物から誘導されるポリマーを含まない、熱可塑性ポリマーフォーム物品。 - さらに、前記スチレンポリマーがスチレン−アクリロニトリルコポリマーから選択され、前記(メタ)アクリルポリマーが(メタ)アクリルコポリマーから選択される、請求項4に記載の熱可塑性ポリマーフォーム物品。
- さらに、熱可塑性ポリマーが、スチレン−アクリロニトリルコポリマーおよびポリ(エチルメタクリレート)−コ−ポリ(エチルメタクリレート)コポリマーから選択される、請求項5に記載の熱可塑性ポリマーフォーム物品。
- 前記(メタ)アクリルポリマーが、前記熱可塑性ポリマーマトリクスにおける全熱可塑性ポリマーの95重量パーセント以上である、請求項4〜6のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性ポリマーフォーム。
- 多面体オリゴマーシルセスキオキサンをさらに含む、請求項4〜7のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性ポリマーフォーム。
- さらに、1種以上の添加剤が、(a)ステアリン酸、ミリスチン酸、16−ヒドロキシヘキサデカン酸、カプリル酸、オレイルアルコール、1−ノナノール、1−テトラコサン酸、16−ヒドロキシヘキサデカン酸、1−テトラデカノール、および1−オクタデカノールからなる群から選択される、請求項4〜8のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性ポリマーフォーム。
- さらに、200ナノメータ以下の平均セル径、および発泡性ポリマー組成物の立方センチメートルあたり少なくとも1015の有効核形成部位の核形成密度の両方を有する、請求項4〜9のいずれかに記載の熱可塑性ポリマーフォーム。
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