JP6122664B2 - ガス精製装置およびガス精製方法 - Google Patents
ガス精製装置およびガス精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 286
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 232
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 88
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 36
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 35
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 amine compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
- B01D53/8606—Removing sulfur compounds only one sulfur compound other than sulfur oxides or hydrogen sulfide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
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- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
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- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
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- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
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- B01D2257/308—Carbonoxysulfide COS
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
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Description
まず、本発明のガス精製装置は、COS、H2O、CO2、およびH2Sを少なくとも含むガスを精製する装置である。このような化合物を含むガスとしては、石炭や石油、バイオマス等をガス化したガスが挙げられる。本発明の精製対象となるガスは、上記の化合物の他、CO、N2、HCl、O2等を含む場合がある。
本発明のガス精製方法は、COS、H2O、CO2、およびH2Sを少なくとも含むガスを精製する方法であり、H2O調整工程と、COS処理工程とを少なくとも含む。H2O調整工程は、ガスのH2O濃度を調整する工程である。高い分解率でCOSを分解するため、精製対象となるガスのH2O濃度を予め調整する準備工程である。
本願の出願当初の特許請求の範囲の記載は、以下の通りであった。
請求項1:
COS、H2O、CO2、およびH2Sを少なくとも含むガスを精製するガス精製装置であって、
COS転換触媒を備え、前記ガス中のCOSを加水分解により分解処理するCOS処理装置と、
前記COS処理装置へ導入する前記ガスのH2O濃度を調整するH2O調整手段と
を少なくとも備えるガス精製装置。
請求項2:
前記H2O調整手段は、前記ガス中のCOSの分圧をPCOS、H2Oの分圧をPH2O、CO2の分圧をPCO2、およびH2Sの分圧をPH2Sとするとき、下記式(1):
で示される圧平衡定数KPが1≦KP≦20となるようにH2O濃度を調整する手段である請求項1記載のガス精製装置。
請求項3:
前記COS処理装置から排出されたガスを水洗浄する少なくとも1つの水洗浄装置と、
前記水洗浄装置から排出される排水を処理する少なくとも1つの排水処理装置と
をさらに備え、
前記H2O調整手段は、前記排水処理装置の水を前記COS処理装置へ導入する前記ガスへ混入する手段である請求項1または請求項2記載のガス精製装置。
請求項4:
前記H2O調整手段は、水蒸気を前記COS処理装置へ導入する前記ガスへ混入する手段である請求項1〜請求項3のいずれかに記載のガス精製装置。
請求項5:
石炭の水分を除去することにより石炭を乾燥する石炭乾燥装置と、
乾燥した前記石炭をガス化するガス化炉と
をさらに備え、
前記H2O調整手段は、前記石炭乾燥装置で前記石炭の水分量を調整する手段である請求項1〜請求項4のいずれかに記載のガス精製装置。
請求項6:
COS、H2O、CO2、およびH2Sを少なくとも含むガスを精製するガス精製方法であって、
前記ガスのH2O濃度を調整するH2O調整工程と、
H2O濃度を調整した前記ガス中のCOSを、COS転換触媒を用いて加水分解することにより分解処理するCOS処理工程と
を少なくとも含むガス精製方法。
請求項7:
前記H2O調整工程は、前記ガス中のCOSの分圧をPCOS、H2Oの分圧をPH2O、CO2の分圧をPCO2、およびH2Sの分圧をPH2Sとするとき、下記式(1):
請求項8:
COSを分解処理したガスを水洗浄する少なくとも1つの水洗浄工程と、
前記水洗浄工程により排出される排水を処理する少なくとも1つの排水処理工程と
をさらに含み、
前記H2O調整工程は、前記排水処理工程により処理された水を前記COS処理工程前に前記ガスへ混入する工程である請求項6または請求項7記載のガス精製方法。
請求項9:
前記H2O調整工程は、水蒸気を前記COS処理工程前に前記ガスへ混入する工程である請求項6〜請求項8のいずれかに記載のガス精製方法。
請求項10:
石炭の水分を除去することにより石炭を乾燥する石炭乾燥工程と、
乾燥した前記石炭をガス化するガス化工程と
をさらに含み、
前記H2O調整工程は、前記石炭乾燥工程で前記石炭の水分量を調整する工程である請求項6〜請求項9のいずれかに記載のガス精製方法。
1−2 ガス精製プロセス
1−3 ガス精製プロセス
1−4 ガス精製プロセス
1−5 ガス精製プロセス
2 石炭
3 ガス化剤
4 ガス化炉
5 COS処理装置
6a、6b 水洗浄塔
7 H2S吸収塔
8 化成品合成
9 発電装置
10a、10b 排水処理装置
11 導入ライン
12a、12b 供給ライン
13 ボイラー
14 供給ライン
15 蒸気タービン
16 排水回収ボイラー
17 石炭乾燥装置
18 乾燥用排ガス
19 水蒸気
20 ガス精製装置
21 集塵装置
22 熱交換器
23 熱交換器
24 吸収液再生塔
25 高濃度H2S
26 測定器
27 制御弁
28 COS転換触媒
Claims (4)
- COS、H2O、CO2、およびH2Sを少なくとも含むガスを精製するガス精製装置であって、
石炭の水分を除去することにより石炭を乾燥する石炭乾燥装置と、
乾燥した前記石炭をガス化して前記ガスを得るガス化炉と
COS転換触媒を備え、前記ガス中のCOSを加水分解により分解処理するCOS処理装置と、
前記COS処理装置へ導入する前記ガスのH2O濃度を調整するH2O調整手段であって、前記石炭乾燥装置で前記石炭の水分量を調整する手段であるH2O調整手段と
を少なくとも備えるガス精製装置。 - COS、H2O、CO2、およびH2Sを少なくとも含むガスを精製するガス精製方法であって、
石炭の水分を除去することにより石炭を乾燥する石炭乾燥工程と、
前記ガスのH2O濃度を調整するH2O調整工程であって、前記石炭乾燥工程で前記石炭の水分量を調整する工程と、
乾燥した前記石炭をガス化し、前記ガスを得るガス化工程と
H2O濃度を調整した前記ガス中のCOSを、COS転換触媒を用いて加水分解することにより分解処理するCOS処理工程と
を少なくとも含むガス精製方法。
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