JP6108423B2 - [2.2.2]二環式誘導体及び使用方法 - Google Patents
[2.2.2]二環式誘導体及び使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6108423B2 JP6108423B2 JP2011542530A JP2011542530A JP6108423B2 JP 6108423 B2 JP6108423 B2 JP 6108423B2 JP 2011542530 A JP2011542530 A JP 2011542530A JP 2011542530 A JP2011542530 A JP 2011542530A JP 6108423 B2 JP6108423 B2 JP 6108423B2
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- octane
- bicyclo
- carboxylate
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/46—8-Azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane; Derivatives thereof, e.g. atropine, cocaine
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
本出願は2008年12月20日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/139,562号の優先権を主張する。
本発明は一般的に有機化学、薬剤開発、薬理学、及び医学の分野に関連する。特に本発明は、1以上の[2.2.2]二環式誘導体の投与によるヒトの生理機能を調節することに関する。
従来の有機化学、医薬品化学、薬学、及び薬剤開発の技術と関連する方法は本明細書中に記載される。このような方法は「Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,21st edition(2005)」、「Drug Discovery and Development,Mukund S.Chorghade(Editor)Wiley−Interscience;1st edition(2007)」、「The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry,3rd Edition,Camille Georges Wermuth(Editor)Academic Press;3rd edition(2008)」及び「Claydenら,Organic Chemistry,Oxford University Press,1st edition(2000)」に記載されている。
本発明は[2.2.2]二環式誘導体と、このような誘導体を用いて対象(動物又はヒト)における生理学的プロセスを調節する方法を提供する。一実施形態においては、本発明は式(1):
の化合物に関し:R1ないしR8は独立であり、H、直鎖型又は分岐鎖型のC1ないしC6アルキル、C2ないしC6アルケニル、C2ないしC6アルキニル、C2ないしC8シクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、前記アルキル、アルケニル、及びアルキニルは各々がハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1ないしC4アルコキシ、及びC1ないしC4アルキルスルフィドからなる群から選択される置換基で任意に置換され;式(1)の二環式骨格の同一炭素又は隣接炭素のいずれかに付加する、R1及びR2又はR1及びR3等といったR1ないしR8の総ての2の組合せはC3ないしC8シクロアルキルを形成し;R1ないしR8は独立であり、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、OR9、SR9、NHR9、NR9R10、ONHR9、又はONR9R10からなる群から選択され;R1ないしR8はO−[(CH2)mO]nR9の形態のオリゴエーテルの係留部(tether)であり、mは2ないし6、nは1ないし6であり;X1及びX2はH、又はnが0ないし6である(CR9R10)nCO2R9、(CR9R10)nC(O)SR9、(CR9R10)nSO2R9、若しくは(CR9R10)nP(O)(OR9)(OR10)であるか、あるいは限定しないが、シュウ酸イオン、硝酸イオン、(CR9R10)nCO2 −、(CR9R10)nSO3 −、又は(CR9R10)nPO3 −を含み、nは0ないし6である薬学的に許容可能な塩を形成する負に荷電する官能基であるか、あるいは(CR9R10)nAr1であり;X3及びX4はO、S、N−オキシド、カルボニル、スルホニル、スルホキシル、ホスフィニル、ホスファニル、NR11、又はCR11R12であり;R9及びR10は独立であり、H、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アリール−CR11R12、ヘテロアリール−CR11R12、直鎖型又は分岐鎖型のC1ないしC6アルキル、C2ないしC8シクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、前記アルキル及びシクロアルキルは各々がハロゲン、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヒドロキシル、C1ないしC4アルコキシ、及びC1ないしC4アルキルスルフィドからなる群から選択される置換基で任意に置換され;Ar1は独立であり、ベンゾアート、ベンゼンスルホナート、ベンゼンホスホナート、サリチラート、2−ニコチナート、3−ニコチナート、又はパラ−シンナモアートを含むオルト位で置換されたアリール基、メタ位で置換されたアリール基、パラ位で置換されたアリール基からなる群から選択され;R11及びR12は独立であり、H、直鎖型又は分岐鎖型のC1ないしC6アルキル、C2ないしC6アルケニル、C2ないしC6アルキニル、C2ないしC8シクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、前記アルキル、アルケニル、及びアルキニルはハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、C1ないしC4アルコキシ、及びC1ないしC4アルキルスルフィドからなる群から選択される置換基で任意に置換される。
前述の化合物の特に好適な例は式(1)の2の鏡像異性体である:
ここで、Mは独立であり、Li、Na、及びKといったモノカチオン、あるいはCa、Mg、及びZnといったジカチオンからなる群から選択される。
(S)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸リチウム塩;
(R)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸リチウム塩;
(S)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウム塩;
(R)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウム塩;
(S)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸カリウム塩;
(R)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸カリウム塩;
(S)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸カルシウム(II)塩;
(R)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸カルシウム(II)塩;
(S)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸マグネシウム(II)塩;
(R)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸マグネシウム(II)塩;
(S)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸亜鉛(II)塩;
(R)−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−2−カルボン酸亜鉛(II)塩;
総てのその薬学的に許容可能な塩、その複合体、及びその誘導体を含む。
式Iの化合物及びその誘導体が、1以上の薬学的に許容可能な担体又は賦形剤とともに含有され、経口、直腸内、経皮、皮下、静脈内、筋肉内、及び鼻腔内を含む多様な経路で投与できる医薬組成物を生成できる。本発明で用いるのに好適な製剤は「Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mace Publishing Company,Philadelphia,Pa.,(1985)」に見出される。
本発明は、疾患又は障害の徴候を低減するのに有効な量で、式(1)の化合物及びその誘導体を対象に投与することによって、神経学的、生理学的、又は他の疾患又は障害の患者(例えば、ヒト対象あるいはイヌ又はネコといった動物)を治療する方法を特徴とする。例えば、不快気分は対象における不快気分を低減するのに有効な量の式(1)の化合物又はその誘導体を対象に投与することによって低減できる。エタノール性耽溺は対象におけるエタノールの欲求を低減する量の式Iの化合物又はその誘導体を対象に投与することによって治療できる。癲癇は対象における発作の回数又は強度を低減するのに有効な量の式Iの化合物又はその誘導体を対象に投与することによって治療できる。
ヒトでの臨床試験において、ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムは優秀な同化作用を呈示し、顕著な負の副作用がないことを示した。ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムの投与を含む臨床試験はモスクワの2の病院における30名の癲癇患者と20名のボランティアで行われた。癲癇患者群における対象は、異なる原因の多様な癲癇の形態を有した。患者の分類は「International Classification of Epilepsy and Epileptic Syndromes(ILAE,1989)」によってなされた。対象の一部は更に、嗜癖障害に罹患していた(アルコール依存、薬物依存)。実験対象の73%においては、ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムの投与によって癲癇発作の頻度、強度及び期間が低減した。ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムは、急性形態の部分癲癇の患者で特に抗痙攣性の効果を示した。脳血液循環が正常になり、患者の交感神経系の緊張が増加した。癲癇発作の二次性全汎化が更に抑制し、対象の雰囲気、作業効率、及び全体的な良好な健康状態の感覚が改善された。
・目視検査
・EEG
・CT
・MRT
・臨床上の血液検査及び尿検査
− 一般的な血液検査
− 生化学的な血液検査
− 一般的な尿検査
・器官及び系の診察及び検査
− 呼吸器系
− 心臓血管系
− 消化器系
− 泌尿器系
・神経学的な状態
・併発疾患の状態
基本の添加治療法としてのビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムの調査は成人の癲癇患者群で行われた。ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムは10週間投与された。双方の病院の30名の患者(26名の男性及び4名の女性)がこの調査に含まれた。
1)Depakin(デパキン;バルプロ酸)
2)Carbamazepine(カルバマゼピン)(Finlepsin(フィンレプシン)、Tegretol(テグレトール))
3)Lamictal(ラミクタール;ラモトリジン)+Clonazepam(クロナゼパム)
4)Depakin(デパキン)+Benzonal(ベンゾナール;Benzonalum)
5)Depakin(デパキン)+Finlepsin(フィンレプシン)
6)Carbamazepine(カルバマゼピン)+Clonazepam(クロナゼパム)
7)Carbamazepine(カルバマゼピン)+Paglupheral
8)Finlepsin(フィンレプシン)+Benzonal(ベンゾナール)
9)Finlepsin−Retard(フィンレプシン−リタード)+Hexamidine(ヘキサミジン)
10)Tegretol(テグレトール)+Topomax(トパマックス;トピラマート)
11)Diphenin(ジフェニン;フェニトイン)+Glycin(グリシン)
12)Hexamidine(ヘキサミジン)+Finlepsin(フィンレプシン)
13)Biotredin+Glycin(グリシン)
14)Glycin(グリシン)+Carbamazepine(カルバマゼピン)
1)神経学的検査
2)コンピュータ断層撮影(CATスキャン)
3)脳のMRI
4)一般的な血液調査:ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムでの治療前の基準、治療開始の2週後及び1.5月後
5)一般的な尿分析
6)血液生化学
7)ECG
8)EEG及び薬力学的なEEG.
を含んだ。理学的検査及び検査結果はMRにおける調査者の医者によって記録され、統計学的方法によって分析した。
・後(After) − ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムでの治療後
ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムでの治療の前後に、その他のパラメータにおける統計学的に有意な差異は検出されなかった。
1)癲癇発作の頻度が低減した
2)電基生理学的な複合体の絶対数及びその多様性(パイク波、スパイク波、又は鋭波−徐波)は音刺激中及びその後に低減した
3)α律動の抑制が低減した
4)β、δ、及びθ活性の局在化徴候が消失した
5)有意義な変化が音刺激で生じた
6)過呼吸次の局在化活性が低減した
EEGパラメータにおける平均の変化は表5にまとめている。
目視評価と癲癇患者のEEGのスペクトルパワー分析とに基づき、EEG型による3群の患者を同定することができた。第1の群の患者においては、EEGは局所的な差異を有し、断片化及び弱く変調したα律動を呈示した。第2の群の患者においては、EEGは基本律動と混乱した。第3の群の患者においては、EEGはα律動がなく、低振幅の生体電気活性を有した。
1)ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムは癲癇患者において顕著な抗痙攣活性を示した。発作頻度における統計学的に有意な低減が総ての症例の73.3%で観察された。多数の患者の発作が更に短くなり、発作の重篤度が低くなり、発作の頻度が少なくなった。
2)ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムは、総ての症例の93.3%で不快気分又は不快気分に類似する状態の有効な治療法となることを証明した。これらの患者において、精神的苦痛は低減し、挙動及び思考の頻度の正常化によって実現された。
3)ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムによって、血液検査及び尿検査におけるいかなる変化も生じなかった。
4)ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムは心臓にいくつかの効果を呈示した。
5)10週のビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸ナトリウムによる治療の間に、患者の挙動ならびに主要な器官及び系の機能に負の影響を与えなかった。
本発明はその詳細な説明と連動して説明してきたが、前述の説明は例示を目的としたものであり本発明の範囲を限定するものではなく、本発明の範囲は添付の請求項の範囲によって規定されることを理解すべきである。他の態様、利点、及び変更は特許請求の範囲内にある。
Claims (7)
- 癲癇を有するヒト対象における不快気分の治療用の経口投与薬剤を製造するための、ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の使用であって、投与されるビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の用量が1日につき50mgないし1200mgである、使用。
- 癲癇を有するヒト対象におけるエタノール性耽溺の治療用の経口投与薬剤を製造するための、ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の使用であって、投与されるビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の用量が1日につき50mgないし1200mgである、使用。
- 癲癇を有するヒト対象における異常レベルのAST、ALT、又はビリルビンによって特徴づけられる肝機能異常の治療用の経口投与薬剤を製造するための、ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の使用であって、投与されるビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の用量が1日につき50mgないし1200mgである、使用。
- 癲癇を有するヒト対象における赤血球沈降速度の上昇の治療用の経口投与薬剤を製造するための、ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の使用であって、投与されるビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の用量が1日につき50mgないし1200mgである、使用。
- 部分癲癇に罹患したヒト対象における発作の回数又は強度の低減用の経口投与薬剤を製造するための、ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の使用であって、投与されるビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の用量が1日につき50mgないし1200mgである、使用。
- 1日につき400mgないし600mgのビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩が投与される、請求項5の使用。
- 抗癲癇薬によって生じた、ヒト対象における異常レベルのAST、ALT、又はビリルビンによって特徴づけられる肝機能異常の治療用の薬剤を製造するための、ビシクロ−[2.2.2]−オクタン−2−カルボン酸塩の使用。
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