JP6066057B2 - 液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造とその製造方法 - Google Patents
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Description
前記液晶滴中の液晶材料は、その温度変化によって、ネマチック相と等方相間の相転移を生じ、その相転移により、前記液晶滴は、光学異方性−等方性変化を起こし、
前記相転移点以下の所定温度では、ネマチック状態にある前記液晶滴の屈折率は、独立した偏光成分ごとに、前記異方性高分子の屈折率に合致し、
前記相転移点を超える温度では光散乱状態、前記相転移点未満の温度では光透過状態に、可逆的に変化可能であることを特徴とする。
メルク社製のK18もこのメルク社製のRM257の複屈折率の値に近く、両者を組み合わせて使用することで、本発明の所期の効果をより一層高めることができる。
本相分離構造により生じる散乱光は偏光選択性が高くすることが可能で、それは図4のスペクトルデータから明らかであるが、同試料でさらに図10に一例として、直交する偏光成分毎(PおよびS偏光成分)に視覚的な結果を示す。図10(a)の写真に示すように、本試料を通して像を観察すると、相転移点より低温側ではPおよびSの両偏光で本試料が透明状態となっているため観察される像は鮮明である。昇温して相転移温度を超えると、P偏光では光散乱状態となり本試料を通して像を観察できないが、S偏光ではある程度の透明状態を維持しており、本試料を通して像を観察できる。図10(b)は、偏光成分別に濁り度(Haze)と温度との関係を示している。この図では、30℃近傍で透明状態又は光散乱状態に変化し、光散乱状態は偏光成分により異なっている。
Claims (15)
- 異方性高分子中に液晶材料が配向した状態で液晶滴として分散してなる、液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造であって、
前記液晶滴中の液晶材料は、その温度変化によって、ネマチック相と等方相間の相転移を生じ、その相転移により、前記液晶滴は、光学異方性−等方性変化を起こし、
前記相転移点以下の所定温度では、ネマチック状態にある前記液晶滴の屈折率は、独立した偏光成分ごとに、前記異方性高分子の屈折率に合致し、
前記相転移点を超える温度では光散乱状態、前記相転移点未満の温度では光透過状態に、可逆的に変化可能であることを特徴とする、液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。 - 異方性高分子中に液晶材料が配向した状態で相分離して液晶滴として分散してなり、それら液晶滴が高分子相の中で不規則な位置に分布し且つそれらの液晶滴内部の液晶分子が異方性高分子の配向と同方向に配向づけられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。
- 前記構造で発生させた散乱光の光波が一つの特定方向に偏光を帯び、ネマチック相と等方相間の相転移点を超える温度域においてその特定方向と垂直方向な偏光成分で光透過状態を保持可能であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。
- 前記液晶滴の大きさが、10nm以上10μm以下の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。
- 前記液晶材料は、20℃以上120℃以下の範囲内にネマチック相と等方相間の相転移点を有することを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。
- 前記構造が、可視又は近赤外線透過性を有する一対の基板の間に挟まれていることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。
- 前記一対の基板が、軟質材で形成されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。
- 前記一対の基板間の距離が、5μm以上500μm以下の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。
- 前記基板の内側面に、特定方向に分子配向させる配向膜を有することを特徴とする請求項6から8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造。
- 請求項1から9のいずれかの液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造を有することを特徴とする調光窓ガラス。
- 請求項1から9のいずれかの液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造を製造するための方法であって、
一対の基板の間に、光重合性液晶モノマーと液晶材料との混合液を注入し、次いで、光照射によって前記光重合性液晶モノマーを重合させて前記液晶材料を相分離して液晶滴として分散させることを特徴とする液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造の製造方法。 - 前記光照射は、照射強度分布を不均一にした状態で露光することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造の製造方法。
- 光拡散板を介して光照射することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造の製造方法。
- 前記基板として、予め分子配向処理を施した基板を用いることを特徴とする請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造の製造方法。
- 前記分子配向処理は、基板表面に対し平行かつ特定方向に配向づけられる処理、又は基板表面に垂直に配向づけられる処理であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の液晶と高分子の配向相分離構造の製造方法。
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