JP6053107B2 - Blood purification apparatus and priming method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus for purifying a patient's blood while circulating outside the body, such as dialysis treatment using a dialyzer, and a priming method thereof.

  In general, at the time of dialysis treatment, a blood circuit for circulating the collected patient's blood extracorporeally and returning it to the body is used. Such a blood circuit is, for example, a dialyzer having a hollow fiber membrane (blood purification membrane). It is mainly composed of an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit that can be connected to (blood purification means). An arterial puncture needle and a venous puncture needle are attached to the tips of the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit, respectively, and are punctured by the patient to perform extracorporeal circulation of blood in dialysis treatment.

  Before the dialysis treatment, a process called “priming” is generally performed in which a priming solution such as a physiological saline is supplied and filled in the blood circuit to wash the blood circuit. As a conventional priming method, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a physiological saline solution as a priming solution is discharged from an overflow line while being supplied to an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit. There is a method of terminating priming on condition that no bubbles are detected in the inside.

JP 2010-273893 A

The conventional blood purification apparatus has the following problems.
The blood purification membrane (hollow fiber membrane) provided in the dialyzer usually has various protective agents for protecting the hollow fiber membrane (for example, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) as a membrane hydrophilizing agent or anti-freezing of the membrane). Glycerin or the like as a moisturizing agent) is applied, and an eluate or a residual chemical solution generated in the manufacturing or sterilization process of the blood purification membrane may be attached. There is a possibility that it may be mixed in a priming solution such as a physiological saline and remain as it is.

  That is, in the conventional blood purification apparatus, a predetermined amount of priming liquid is supplied in advance, and priming is simply terminated on the condition that there are no more bubbles in the priming liquid. It has not been confirmed whether or not impurities such as an agent remain, and there is a problem that the possibility of remaining impurities becomes high. Further, in the conventional blood purification apparatus, since a relatively large amount of priming liquid needs to be supplied to the blood circuit so that no impurities remain in the priming liquid, the amount of priming used is increased. At the same time, there is a problem that the priming time becomes long.

  Further, in other conventional blood purification devices, a uniform amount of priming liquid may be used during priming regardless of the membrane material or membrane area of the dialyzer. In this case, an excessive amount of priming liquid is used. There are many. In particular, in the case of using dialysis fluid as a priming fluid, an increase in the amount of priming fluid used leads to an increase in the amount of dialysis fluid produced, which increases the cost.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and blood that can clean the blood circuit and the blood purification membrane by priming more reliably and can make the usage amount of the priming liquid appropriate. It is providing the purification apparatus and its priming method.

The invention according to claim 1 is composed of an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit, a blood circuit capable of extracorporeally circulating a patient's blood from the tip of the arterial blood circuit to the tip of the venous blood circuit, and the blood A blood flow path that is interposed between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit of the circuit to purify blood flowing through the blood circuit, and through which a patient's blood flows through a blood purification film for purifying the blood; Blood purification means having a dialysate flow path through which dialysate flows, and a dialysate introduction line and a dialysate discharge line connected to the inlet and outlet of the dialysate flow path of the blood purification means, A protective agent is applied to the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means before treatment, and during priming before the treatment, the blood circuit and the blood flow path of the blood purification means, and the dialysate flow of the blood purification means Road and In priming liquid blood purification device that is capable filled by supplying, during priming, comprising a detectable detection means the protective agent as an impurity contained in the priming fluid, the protective agent is detected by the detection means It is characterized in that control for terminating priming is performed on condition that there is no more.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to the first aspect, the detection means includes: a light emitting means that can irradiate the priming liquid with light; and a light emitting means that transmits or reflects the priming liquid. a transmitted light or a light receiving unit that can receive light reflected by and a light receiving intensity detector capable of detecting light intensity by the light receiving means, said priming solution in, based on the detected receiving intensity by the light-receiving intensity detection unit A protective agent can be detected.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to the second aspect, in addition to the protective agent in the priming solution, the detection means is based on the light reception intensity detected by the light reception intensity detection means. It is possible to detect air bubbles in the priming liquid.

  Invention of Claim 4 is the blood purification apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3. The artery side air trap chamber or vein side air trap connected to the said artery side blood circuit or the vein side blood circuit An overflow line extending from the chamber and capable of discharging the priming solution supplied to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit to the outside, and the detecting means is disposed in the overflow line. Features.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, before Symbol detection means, characterized in that disposed in the dialysate discharge line.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus according to the fifth aspect, during the priming, the normal filtration step of filtering the dialysate from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path via the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means And the detecting means is capable of detecting the protective agent in the priming fluid flowing through the dialysate discharge line during the normal filtration step.

The invention according to claim 7 is the blood purification apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the detection means can detect the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line during treatment. Features.
The invention according to claim 8 is the blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the artery side air trap chamber or the vein side air trap connected to the artery side blood circuit or the vein side blood circuit. An overflow line extending from the chamber and capable of discharging the priming solution supplied to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit to the outside, and the detecting means includes the overflow line or the blood circuit; It is arranged in the dialysate discharge line, respectively.

The invention described in claim 9 comprises an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit, a blood circuit capable of extracorporeally circulating patient blood from the tip of the arterial blood circuit to the tip of the venous blood circuit, and the blood A blood flow path that is interposed between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit of the circuit to purify blood flowing through the blood circuit, and through which a patient's blood flows through a blood purification film for purifying the blood; A blood purification means having a dialysate flow path through which the dialysate flows, and a dialysate introduction line and a dialysate discharge line connected to an inlet and an outlet of the dialysate flow path of the blood purification means; A protective agent is applied to the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means before treatment, and during priming before the treatment, the blood circuit and the blood flow path of the blood purification means, and the dialysate flow of the blood purification means Road and Priming the priming method of priming liquid fillable with blood purification apparatus by supplying, during priming, detecting the protective agent as an impurity contained in the priming solution, the condition that the protecting agent is no longer detected It is characterized by terminating .

The invention according to claim 10 is the priming method of the blood purification device according to claim 9 , wherein the blood purification device transmits or reflects the light emitting means capable of irradiating the priming liquid with light and the priming liquid. A light receiving means capable of receiving transmitted light or reflected light from the light emitting means, and a light receiving intensity detecting means capable of detecting a light receiving intensity by the light receiving means, and detected by the light receiving intensity detecting means; The protective agent in the priming solution is detected based on the received light intensity.

The invention according to claim 11 is the priming method of the blood purification apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the detection means applies the protective agent in the priming liquid based on the light reception intensity detected by the light reception intensity detection means. In addition, air bubbles in the priming solution are detected.

The invention according to claim 12 is the priming method of the blood purification apparatus according to claim 10 or claim 11 , wherein the blood purification apparatus is connected to the artery side blood circuit or the vein side blood circuit. Or an overflow line extending from the venous air trap chamber and capable of discharging the priming solution supplied to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit to the outside, and the detecting means is arranged in the overflow line. It was established.

The invention of claim 13, wherein, in the priming method of the blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 12, before Symbol detection means, characterized in that disposed in the dialysate discharge line .

The invention according to claim 14 is the priming method of the blood purification device according to claim 13 , wherein the blood purification device, when priming, passes from the blood flow path through the blood purification film of the blood purification means to the dialysate flow path. Control means for performing a normal filtration step of filtering dialysate as a priming solution, and the detection means detects the protective agent in the priming fluid flowing through the dialysate discharge line during the normal filtration step. It is characterized by.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the blood purification apparatus priming method according to the thirteenth or fourteenth aspect , the detection means detects the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line during treatment. It is characterized by that.
The invention according to claim 16 is the priming method of the blood purification apparatus according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the artery side air trap chamber or the vein side air trap chamber connected to the artery side blood circuit or the vein side blood circuit. And an overflow line that can discharge the priming solution supplied to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit to the outside, and the detection means includes the overflow line or the blood circuit, and the dialysis It is characterized by being respectively disposed on the liquid discharge line.

According to the inventions of claims 1 and 9 , since the protective agent as an impurity contained in the priming liquid is detected at the time of priming, the blood circuit and the blood purification membrane by priming can be more reliably performed, The amount of priming liquid used can be made appropriate.

According to the second and tenth aspects of the present invention, the light emitting means capable of irradiating the priming liquid with light, the light receiving means capable of receiving the transmitted or reflected light from the light emitting means transmitted or reflected by the priming liquid, and the light receiving means And a light receiving intensity detecting means capable of detecting the light receiving intensity by the light receiving intensity detection means, and the protective agent in the priming liquid can be detected based on the light receiving intensity detected by the light receiving intensity detecting means. Detection of the protective agent can be performed.

In addition, since the protective agent in the priming liquid can be detected by optical detection (light irradiation and light reception) in the detection means , the detection accuracy of the protective agent can be improved and the priming liquid flowing in the flow path Since it is possible to detect the protective agent therein, it is not necessary to collect a priming solution, and the protective agent can be detected easily and smoothly.

According to the third and eleventh aspects of the invention, the detection means can detect the bubbles in the priming liquid in addition to the protective agent in the priming liquid based on the light reception intensity detected by the light reception intensity detection means. , A function for detecting the protective agent in the priming solution and a function for detecting bubbles can be combined, and each of the means for detecting the protective agent in the priming and a means for detecting the bubbles are provided. In comparison, the apparatus configuration can be simplified, and the manufacturing cost and maintenance cost can be reduced.

According to the inventions of claims 4 and 12 , the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit extends from the arterial air trap chamber or the venous air trap chamber connected to the arterial blood circuit or the venous blood circuit. And an overflow line that can discharge the priming liquid supplied to the outside, and the detecting means is disposed in the overflow line, so that the protective agent in the priming liquid discharged from the overflow line can be detected. The protective agent can be discharged to the outside more reliably.

According to the invention of claim 5, 13, detection means, so disposed in the dialysate discharge line, can detect the protective agent of the priming solution within the flowing in the dialysate discharge line, the blood flow path In addition, the dialysate flow path can be reliably washed.

According to the inventions of claims 6 and 14, the control means for performing a positive filtration step of filtering the dialysate from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path through the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means during priming is provided. , detection means, since the protective agent of the priming solution within the flowing in the dialysate discharge line during the positive filtration step is detectable, may be reliably removed protective agent filled in the hole formed in the blood purification membrane The blood purification membrane can be washed more reliably, and the protective agent can be reliably discharged to the outside through the dialysate discharge line.

According to the seventh and fifteenth inventions, since the detection means can detect the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line during treatment, it is necessary to confirm the cleaning of the blood purification membrane during priming. At the time of treatment, the dialysis efficiency can be confirmed based on the concentration of impurities filtered from the blood by the blood purification membrane.

The schematic diagram which shows the blood purification apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. Schematic diagram showing blood purification means (dialyzer) in the blood purification apparatus Schematic diagram showing detection means in the blood purification apparatus Block diagram showing detection means in the blood purification apparatus The graph which shows the change of the light reception voltage detected by the light reception intensity detection means of the detection means in the blood purification apparatus The schematic diagram which shows the state by the side of the blood circuit at the time of priming in the blood purification apparatus The schematic diagram which shows the state by the side of the blood circuit at the time of priming in the blood purification apparatus The schematic diagram which shows the state by the side of the blood circuit at the time of priming in the blood purification apparatus The schematic diagram which shows the state of the dialysate introduction line and dialysate discharge line side at the time of priming in the blood purification apparatus The schematic diagram which shows the work process for the priming in the blood purification apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. Schematic diagram showing the work process for priming in the blood purification apparatus Schematic diagram showing the work process for priming in the blood purification apparatus The schematic diagram which shows the blood purification apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. Schematic diagram showing the state of priming in the blood purification apparatus The schematic diagram which shows the blood purification apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. Schematic diagram showing the state of priming in the blood purification apparatus Schematic diagram showing the state of priming in the blood purification apparatus

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
The blood purification apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a dialysis apparatus for performing hemodialysis treatment. As shown in FIG. 1, the blood purification apparatus includes an arterial blood circuit 1 and a venous blood circuit 2, and an arterial side. A dialyzer 3 (blood purification means) interposed between the blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 to purify blood flowing through the blood circuit; a squeezing blood pump 4 disposed in the arterial blood circuit 1; An arterial air trap chamber 5 connected to the arterial blood circuit 1, a venous air trap chamber 6 connected to the venous blood circuit 2, and a housing means 10 containing a physiological saline solution as a priming solution; It mainly comprises a priming fluid supply line L8 connecting the housing means 10 and the arterial blood circuit 1, a dual pump 7, a control means 11, and detection means (12a, 12b).

  An arterial puncture needle (not shown) is connected to the tip of the arterial blood circuit 1 via a connector a, and an iron blood pump 4 and an arterial air trap chamber 5 are disposed in the middle. On the other hand, a venous puncture needle (not shown) is connected to the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 via a connector b, and a venous air trap chamber 6 is connected midway.

  When the blood pump 4 is driven in a state where the patient has punctured the artery side puncture needle and the vein side puncture needle, the patient's blood is removed from the artery side blood circuit 1 while being defoamed in the artery side air trap chamber 5. After passing through the dialyzer 3, blood purification is performed by the dialyzer 3, and defoaming is performed in the venous air trap chamber 6, and then returns to the patient's body through the venous blood circuit 2. Thus, the blood of the patient is purified by the dialyzer 3 while circulating externally from the tip of the arterial blood circuit 1 to the tip of the venous blood circuit 2 of the blood circuit.

  The venous air trap chamber 6 is provided with an overflow line L7 extending from the upper part (air layer side) and having a tip open to the atmosphere, and is supplied to the arterial blood circuit 1 or the venous blood circuit 2. Thus, a liquid such as a priming liquid overflowing the vein-side air trap chamber 6 can be discharged to the outside. The overflow line L7 is provided with a solenoid valve V9, and the flow path of the overflow line L7 can be arbitrarily closed or opened.

  However, at the time of priming before treatment, the connector a at the tip of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the connector b at the tip of the venous blood circuit tip 2 are connected to communicate the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2. It is possible. In such a communication state, the blood circuit is a closed circuit that can circulate the priming fluid (dialysis fluid). By opening the electromagnetic valve V9, the overflow line L7 is opened, The internal priming solution (dialysis solution) can be discharged to the outside.

  The dialyzer 3 includes a blood inlet 3a (blood inlet port), a blood outlet 3b (blood outlet port), a dialysate inlet 3c (dialysate channel inlet: dialysate inlet port) and a dialysate in its casing. A lead-out port 3d (dialysate flow path outlet: dialysate lead-out port) is formed, of which the blood introduction port 3a has the proximal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the blood lead-out port 3b has a venous blood circuit. The two base ends are connected to each other. The dialysate inlet 3c and dialysate outlet 3d are respectively connected to a dialysate inlet line L1 and a dialysate outlet line L2 extending from the dialyzer body.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of hollow fiber membranes M are accommodated in the dialyzer 3, and the hollow fiber membranes M constitute a blood purification membrane for purifying blood. More specifically, the hollow fiber membrane M has a blood flow path α inside and a flow path formed between the outside (the outer peripheral surface of the hollow fiber membrane M and the inner peripheral surface of the case C constituting the housing). ) Is the dialysate flow path β, and a large number of fine holes (pores) penetrating the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the hollow fiber membrane M are formed.

  Thus, a blood flow path α through which the patient's blood flows and a dialysate flow path β through which the dialysate flows are formed through the hollow fiber membrane M. The blood flowing through the arterial blood circuit 1 passes through the blood flow path α to reach the venous blood circuit 2, and the dialysate flowing through the dialysate introduction line L1 passes through the dialysate flow path β. In this way, impurities and the like in the blood can be filtered into the dialysate through the hollow fiber membrane M.

  The compound pump 7 is arranged in the main body of the dialyzer so as to straddle the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate discharge line L2, and includes a pump for feeding dialysate. A water removal pump 8 is provided for removing water from the blood of the patient flowing therethrough. One end of the dialysate introduction line L1 is connected to the dialyzer 3 (dialyte introduction port 3c), and the other end is connected to a dialysate supply device (not shown) for preparing a dialysate having a predetermined concentration. Yes.

  Between the duplex pump 7 (intake side) and the dialyzer 3 in the dialysate introduction line L1, filtration filters 9a and 9b for cleaning the dialysate are connected. Further, bypass lines L5 and L6 are connected between the filtration filters 9a and 9b and the dialysate discharge line L2, and the bypass line L5 and L6 are electromagnetic valves V6 capable of closing or opening the flow path. , V7 are arranged.

  Furthermore, one end of the dialysate discharge line L2 is connected to the dialyzer 3 (dialysate outlet 3d), and the other end is connected to a drainage means (not shown), and the dialysate supplied from the dialysate supply device After passing through the dialysate introduction line L1 to the dialysate flow path β of the dialyzer 3, it is sent to the drainage means through the dialysate discharge line L2. Further, bypass lines L3 and L4 that bypass the double pump 7 (discharge side) are connected to the dialysate discharge line L2. A dewatering pump 8 is disposed in the bypass line L3, and an electromagnetic valve V5 capable of closing or opening the flow path is disposed in the bypass line L4.

  In addition, solenoid valves V3 and V4 are respectively arranged at one end side (connecting end side with the dialyzer 3) in the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate discharge line L2, and the dialysis introduced or discharged into the dialyzer 3 is provided. The liquid flow path can be closed or opened. On the other hand, electromagnetic valves V1 and V2 capable of closing or opening the flow path are respectively connected to the distal end side (near the connector a) of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the distal end side (near the connector b) of the venous blood circuit 2. Yes.

  The storage means 10 (so-called “physiological saline bag”) is composed of a flexible transparent container and can store a predetermined volume of physiological saline (priming solution). It is attached to the tip of a protruding pole (not shown). The priming fluid supply line L8 is connected to a portion of the arterial blood circuit 1 between the electromagnetic valve V1 and the blood pump 4, and can supply physiological saline (priming fluid) in the housing means 10 into the blood circuit. It is. An electromagnetic valve V8 is disposed in the middle of the priming liquid supply line L8, and the flow path of the priming liquid supply line L8 can be closed or opened.

  However, at the time of priming before treatment, the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 are connected to communicate with each other (specifically, the connector a and the connector b are connected to each other through the flow paths). Communication) is possible. Here, priming is performed by supplying a priming solution such as physiological saline or dialysate to a blood channel (blood circuit and blood channel α of the dialyzer 3) and flowing the channel to wash it, An operation of filling the blood flow channel with the priming solution. In the present invention, a so-called “gas purge” operation in which dialysate is supplied to the dialysate flow path β of the dialyzer 3 to be washed and filled is also defined as one process of priming. The priming solution is the dialysate flowing through the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate discharge line L2.

  On the other hand, the electromagnetic valves V1 to V9 according to the present embodiment constitute valve means that can arbitrarily close or open a flow path at a predetermined site by an opening / closing operation, and the opening / closing operation is a microcomputer or the like. It is comprised by the control means 11 which consists of. Further, the control means 11 is electrically connected to the drive control means of the blood pump 4 and the duplex pump 7, respectively, and can control the drive of the blood pump 4 and the duplex pump 7. With this control means 11, necessary control can be performed on any components during dialysis treatment or priming.

  The detection means (12a, 12b) can detect impurities in the priming liquid (the physiological saline supplied from the priming liquid supply line L8 or the dialysate supplied to the dialysate flow path β) during priming. Yes, in the present embodiment, between the first detection means 12a disposed on the tip side of the electromagnetic valve V9 in the overflow line L7, and the connection between the electromagnetic valve V4 and the bypass line L6 in the dialysate discharge line L2. Two of the second detection means 12b disposed at the site are provided.

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the detection means (12a, 12b) includes a light emitting means 13 that can irradiate light to a priming solution (physiological saline or dialysis solution), and a priming solution (physiological). The sensor comprises a light receiving means 14 that can receive the transmitted light from the light emitting means 13 that has passed through (salt solution or dialysate), and a light receiving intensity detecting means 15 that can detect the intensity of light received by the light receiving means 14. The received light intensity detection means 15 is electrically connected to the control means 11 so that the received light intensity detected by the received light intensity detection means 15 can be transmitted to the control means 11.

  The light emitting means 13 is a light source composed of LEDs that can irradiate light (wavelength in the ultraviolet region 200 to 350 (nm) in the present embodiment) to a liquid (physiological saline solution or dialysis solution as a priming solution). As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid flow path (the overflow line L7, the dialysate discharge line L2) is disposed so as to face the light receiving means 14. The light receiving means 14 can receive the transmitted light from the light emitting means 13 that has passed through the liquid (physiological saline or dialysis solution as a priming solution). In the present embodiment, the light receiving means 14 generates a voltage corresponding to the received light intensity. A light receiving element.

  Thus, if light is emitted from the light emitting means 13 in a state where the priming solution (physiological saline or dialysis solution) flows, the irradiated light passes through the priming solution. After a part of the light is absorbed according to the presence or absence of light, the light receiving means 14 receives the light. In this way, if the intensity of light received by the light receiving means 14 (that is, a voltage generated according to the intensity of received light) is detected, a change in the concentration of the priming liquid can be detected.

  The light reception intensity detection means 15 is electrically connected to the light reception means 14 and can detect the light reception intensity by the light reception means 14. In this embodiment, the voltage generated according to the light reception intensity by the light reception means 14 is primed. It can be detected in real time in the process. For example, when impurities are mixed in the priming solution, the detection value of the received light intensity detecting means 15 changes (temporarily lowering the received light voltage (V)) as shown in FIG. If it is set and it is possible to recognize that the detected value has exceeded the threshold A, it is possible to detect impurities in the priming solution.

  Further, in the detection means (12a, 12b) configured as described above, when air bubbles are mixed in the priming liquid, the detection value of the light reception intensity detection means 15 changes similarly to the graph shown in FIG. 5 (light reception voltage (V)). Therefore, if it is recognized that the detection value exceeds the preset threshold A, it is possible to detect bubbles in the priming liquid. That is, the detection means (12a, 12b) according to the present embodiment can detect the bubbles in the priming liquid in addition to the impurities in the priming liquid based on the light reception intensity detected by the light reception intensity detection means 15. It is.

  Furthermore, the detection means 12b disposed in the dialysate discharge line L2 is configured to detect the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line L2 during the treatment after priming (during blood purification treatment). ing. That is, if light is emitted from the light emitting means 13 in the state where the dialysate flows into the dialysate discharge line L2 during the treatment, the irradiated light flows through the dialysate discharge line L2 (discharged from the dialyzer 3). Therefore, after a part of the light is absorbed in accordance with the concentration of the drainage, the light receiving means 14 receives the light.

  Therefore, if the light reception intensity detection means 15 detects the light reception intensity by the light reception means 14 (that is, the voltage generated according to the light reception intensity), the change in the concentration of the dialysate discharged from the dialyzer 3 can be detected. It can be done. Thereby, for example, a change in urea concentration (“Kt / V”) is detected by detecting the concentration of the liquid that flows along with blood purification (in this embodiment, dialysate discharged from the dialyzer 3 as blood purification means). Can be grasped in real time, and blood purification efficiency during dialysis treatment can be monitored.

Next, a priming method in the blood purification apparatus having the above configuration will be described.
At the time of priming before treatment, first, the connector a at the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the connector b at the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 are connected to communicate with each other. The solenoid valves V1, V2, V8, and V9 are opened (see FIG. 6). As a result, the physiological saline (priming solution) in the storage means 10 reaches the artery side blood circuit 1 through the priming solution supply line L8 by its own weight, and is upstream from the position where the blood pump 4 is disposed in the artery side blood circuit 1. The side (connector a side) and the venous blood circuit 2 are supplied and filled (drop filling step). It should be noted that a predetermined amount of the physiological saline solution supplied as described above is discharged from the overflow line L7.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 7, the physiological pump (priming solution) in the storage means 10 is obtained by driving the blood pump 4 in the forward direction (driving in the same direction as during the treatment) while the electromagnetic valve V2 is closed. Supply to the artery side air trap chamber 5 side. As a result, the downstream side (dialyzer 3 side) of the blood pump 4 in the arterial blood circuit 1, the blood flow path α in the dialyzer 3, and the dialyzer 3 and the venous air trap chamber 6 in the venous blood circuit 2. During this period, physiological saline can be supplied and discharged from the overflow line L7 (liquid feeding step). Although the electromagnetic valve V2 is closed, the electromagnetic valve V1 may be closed instead of or together with the electromagnetic valve V2. However, it is preferable that the arterial air trap chamber 5 and the venous air trap chamber 6 are set upside down (inverted) when used.

  Here, in the liquid feeding step, the detection unit 12a is controlled so that impurities and bubbles can be detected. That is, the detection means 12a can detect whether impurities or bubbles are contained in the physiological saline solution discharged from the overflow line L7 during the priming liquid feeding process, and the impurities and bubbles are detected. In the state (for example, the state in which the detection value of the received light intensity detection means 15 exceeds the threshold A), it is understood that the cleaning is insufficient.

  In the present embodiment, the liquid feeding process is performed after the head filling process. However, the head filling process and the liquid feeding process are performed simultaneously (for example, a priming liquid (physiology by the blood pump 4) The priming solution flowing to the artery side air trap chamber 5 side and the priming solution flowing to the vein side air trap chamber 4 side may be obtained by controlling the flow rate of the saline solution). Moreover, the detection of the impurities and bubbles by the detection means 12a is not limited to the one performed only in the liquid feeding process as described above, and may be configured to be performed in each of the drop filling process and the liquid feeding process.

  And after the said liquid feeding process is performed for the predetermined time, as shown in FIG. 8, the solenoid valve V8 is made into a closed state, maintaining the drive of the blood pump 4. As shown in FIG. As a result, the physiological saline filled in the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 (the same applies to the blood flow path α of the dialyzer 3) circulates (circulation process). The priming on the blood circuit side is completed on the condition that the liquid feeding process and the circulation process are controlled to be repeatedly performed, and the state in which the detection unit 12a does not detect impurities and bubbles continues for a predetermined time. Become.

  Thereafter, priming on the dialyzer 3 side (dialysate flow path β), which is referred to as a gas purge process, is performed. In the gas purge step, as shown in FIG. 9, the dual pump 7 is driven while the electromagnetic valves V3, V4, V5 are opened and the electromagnetic valves V6, V7 are closed. As a result, the dialysate introduced from the dialysate introduction line L1 reaches the dialysate discharge line L2 via the dialysate flow path β of the dialyzer 3 and is discharged.

  Here, in the gas purge step, the detection unit 12b is controlled to detect impurities and bubbles. That is, the detection means 12b can detect whether impurities or bubbles are contained in the dialysate discharged from the dialysate discharge line L2 during the priming gas purge step, and the impurities and bubbles are detected. In the state (for example, the state in which the detection value of the received light intensity detection means 15 exceeds the threshold A), it is understood that the cleaning is insufficient.

  Then, a series of priming is completed on condition that the state where the detection unit 12b does not detect impurities and bubbles continues for a predetermined time. After the priming is completed, the connectors a and b are disconnected, and the arterial puncture needle and the vein puncture needle are attached to the connectors a and b, and the patient is punctured to perform dialysis treatment. At the time of treatment, the blood purification efficiency can be monitored by detecting the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line L2 by the detection means 12b disposed in the dialysate discharge line L2.

Next, a blood purification apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
As in the first embodiment, the blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a dialysis apparatus for performing hemodialysis treatment, and includes an arterial blood circuit 1 and a venous blood circuit 2 as shown in FIG. Blood circuit, dialyzer 3 (blood purification means), iron-type blood pump 4, artery-side air trap chamber 5, vein-side air trap chamber 6, housing means 10 containing physiological saline, priming solution It is mainly composed of a supply line L8, a dual pump 7, a control means 11, a detection means 12b and a detection means 16. Here, the blood circuit according to the present embodiment includes detection means 16 disposed at the distal end portion of the venous blood circuit 2 in place of the detection means 12a according to the first embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component similar to previous embodiment, and those detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The detection means 16 can detect impurities in the priming solution during priming, and has the same configuration as the detection means (12a, 12b) in the first embodiment. The detection means 16 is disposed at the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 (between the clamping means Vb and the venous air trap chamber 6), and is discharged from the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2. Impurities and bubbles in the liquid (priming liquid) can be detected.

A priming method in the blood purification apparatus according to this embodiment will be described below.
First, as shown in FIG. 10, in the arterial blood circuit 1 in a state before being attached to the dialyzer 3, the electromagnetic valve V8 is opened and the arterial air trap chamber 5 is reversed (upside down when in use). ). Thereby, the physiological saline solution (priming solution) in the storage means 10 is brought to the artery side blood circuit 1 through the priming solution supply line L8 by its own weight.

  Then, with the physiological saline reaching the tip of the arterial blood circuit 1, the flow path is closed with clamp means Va such as forceps and then the blood pump 4 is driven, whereby the arterial blood circuit 1. The physiological saline solution is supplied to the downstream side (connection side with the dialyzer 3). After that, as shown in FIG. 11, the proximal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 is connected to the dialyzer 3 (previously connected to the venous blood circuit 2) and the direction of the arterial air trap chamber 5 is set. Is the state in use.

  At this time, the clamp means Vb disposed at the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 is opened and the venous air trap chamber 6 is turned in the opposite direction (upside down when in use). Thereby, the physiological saline in the storage means 10 is supplied to the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 and discharged from the tip of the venous blood circuit 2. Here, in the present embodiment, the detection means 16 is configured to detect whether impurities and bubbles are contained in the physiological saline discharged from the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2.

  That is, the detection means 16 can detect whether impurities or bubbles are contained in the physiological saline discharged from the tip of the arterial blood circuit 2 during priming, and the state in which impurities or bubbles are detected. In (for example, the state where the detection value of the received light intensity detection means 15 exceeds the threshold A), it is understood that the cleaning is insufficient. As shown in FIG. 12, after the clamp means Vb is closed, the direction of the venous air trap chamber 6 is reversed as shown in FIG. 12 on condition that the detection means 16 does not detect impurities and bubbles for a predetermined time. As the state of use.

  Thereby, the priming on the blood circuit side ends. Thereafter, priming on the dialyzer 3 side (dialysate flow path β), which is referred to as a gas purge process similar to that of the first embodiment, is performed (see FIG. 9). In such a gas purge process, as in the first embodiment, the detection means 12b detects impurities and bubbles in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line L2. Thus, valve means for opening or closing the flow path of the priming liquid by manual operation, such as clamping means Va and Vb such as forceps according to the present embodiment, can also be used.

Next, a blood purification apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The blood purification apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a dialysis apparatus for performing hemodialysis treatment, as in the first and second embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 13, the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2. A blood circuit comprising: a dialyzer 3 (blood purification means); a squeezed blood pump 4; an arterial air trap chamber 5; a venous air trap chamber 6; a dual pump 7; It is mainly composed of means (12a, 12b). In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component similar to previous embodiment, and those detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

A priming method in the blood purification apparatus according to this embodiment will be described below.
At the time of priming before treatment, as shown in FIG. 14, the connector a at the distal end of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the connector b at the distal end of the venous blood circuit 2 are connected to communicate with each other, and control means 11, the solenoid valves V4, V6, V7 are closed and the other solenoid valves (V1-V3, V5, V9) are opened, and then the compound pump 7 is driven and the blood pump 4 is driven in reverse. (Driving in the opposite direction to that during treatment).

  Thus, the dialysate introduced from the dialysate introduction line L1 is filtered (reversely filtered) from the dialysate flow path β to the blood flow path α via the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) of the dialyzer 3. The blood flows from the blood flow path α toward the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2. That is, in this embodiment, the dialysate filtered (reversely filtered) from the dialysate flow path β to the blood flow path α via the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) of the dialyzer 3 is supplied to and filled in the blood circuit. The priming solution is used. The driving speed of the blood pump 4 is set so that the dialysate reversely filtered into the blood flow path α flows through both the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2.

  The dialysate supplied to the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 by reverse filtration as described above is discharged to the outside via the overflow line L7. Thus, it is controlled so that impurities and bubbles can be detected. That is, the detection means 12a can detect whether impurities or bubbles are contained in the dialysate discharged from the overflow line L7 in the reverse filtration at the time of priming, and the state in which impurities or bubbles are detected ( For example, in a state where the detection value of the received light intensity detection means 15 exceeds the threshold A), it is understood that the cleaning is insufficient.

  However, the priming on the blood circuit side is completed on condition that the state in which the detection means 12a does not detect impurities and bubbles continues for a predetermined time. Thereafter, as in the first embodiment, priming on the dialyzer 3 side (dialysate flow path β) called a gas purge process is performed, and control is performed so that impurities and bubbles can be detected by the detection means 12b. That is, the detection means 12b can detect whether impurities or bubbles are contained in the dialysate discharged from the dialysate discharge line L2 during the priming gas purge step, and the impurities and bubbles are detected. In the state (for example, the state in which the detection value of the received light intensity detection means 15 exceeds the threshold A), it is understood that the cleaning is insufficient.

  Then, a series of priming is completed on condition that the state where the detection unit 12b does not detect impurities and bubbles continues for a predetermined time. After the priming is completed, the connectors a and b are disconnected, and the arterial puncture needle and the vein puncture needle are attached to the connectors a and b, and the patient is punctured to perform dialysis treatment. At the time of treatment, the blood purification efficiency can be monitored by detecting the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line L2 by the detection means 12b disposed in the dialysate discharge line L2.

Next, a blood purification apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The blood purification apparatus according to this embodiment includes a dialysis apparatus for performing hemodialysis treatment, as in the first to third embodiments. As shown in FIG. 15, the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 are provided. A blood circuit comprising: a dialyzer 3 (blood purification means); a squeezed blood pump 4; an arterial air trap chamber 5; a venous air trap chamber 6; a dual pump 7; It is mainly composed of the means 12b and the connecting line L9. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component similar to previous embodiment, and those detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The connection line L9 has a proximal end attached to and connected to the collection port 17 of the dialysate introduction line L1, and a distal end connected to a portion between the electromagnetic valve V1 and the blood pump 4 in the arterial blood circuit 1. Yes. That is, the connection line L9 is composed of a flow path connecting the dialysate introduction line L1 and the arterial blood circuit 1, and the dialysate introduction line L1 is passed through the connection line L9 to the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit). It is possible to supply to 1).

  The connecting line L9 according to the present embodiment is a flow path that connects the dialysate introduction line L1 and the arterial blood circuit 1, but instead, the dialysate introduction line L1 and the venous blood circuit 2 Or a flow path connecting the dialysate discharge line L2 and the arterial blood circuit 1 or the venous blood circuit 2. In addition, the solenoid valve V10 which can block | close or open a flow path is arrange | positioned by the front end side (near the connection site | part with the artery side blood circuit 1) of the connection line L9 which concerns on this embodiment. A replacement fluid pump may be provided in place of the electromagnetic valve V10.

A priming method in the blood purification apparatus according to this embodiment will be described below.
At the time of priming before treatment, the connector a at the tip of the arterial blood circuit 1 and the connector b at the tip of the venous blood circuit 2 are connected to communicate with each other and the electromagnetic valve V9 is opened. Then, the dialysis fluid in the dialysis fluid introduction line L1 is supplied to the blood circuit via the connection line L9 by driving the compound pump 7 and the blood pump 4, and the blood circuit and the blood flow path α of the dialyzer 3 are supplied to the blood circuit α. The dialysate is filled, and subsequently the dialysate flow path β of the dialyzer 3 is also filled with dialysate.

  The supply and filling of the dialysate to the blood circuit α and the blood flow path α of the dialyzer 3 are not limited to supplying the dialysate via the connecting line L9. For example, the hollow fiber membrane M of the dialyzer 3 is reverse-filtered. The dialysate may be supplied and filled. Further, for example, a storage bag capable of supplying a physiological saline as a priming solution is provided between the blood pump 4 and the electromagnetic valve V1 in the arterial blood circuit 1, and the physiological saline is filled in the blood circuit. Good.

  Thereafter, under the control of the control means 11, as shown in FIG. 16, the electromagnetic valves V3, V4, V10 are opened, the other electromagnetic valves (V1, V2, V5-V7, V9) are closed, While driving the pump 7, the blood pump 4 is driven to rotate forward (drive in the same direction as during treatment). As a result, a part of the dialysate in the dialysate introduction line L1 (flow rate by the blood pump 4) is supplied to the blood circuit (arterial blood circuit 1) via the connection line L9.

  That is, in this embodiment, the dialysate supplied via the connection line L9 is used as a priming solution that is supplied to and filled in the blood circuit. However, in the dual pump 7, the dialysate flowing through the connection portion (suction side) with the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate flowing through the connection portion (discharge side) with the dialysate discharge line L2 are equal in amount. When the dialysate on the dialysate introduction line L1 side is supplied into the blood circuit that is driven and closed, the blood flow path α is positive with respect to the dialysate flow path β. Pressure.

  Thus, the dialysate substantially equal to the flow rate by the forward rotation drive of the blood pump 4 is filtered from the blood channel α to the dialysate channel β via the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) of the dialyzer 3 (forward filtration). Will be. As a result, in addition to the protective agent in the blood flow path α and the dialysate flow path β, the protective agent filled in the micropores (pores) in the hollow fiber membrane M of the dialyzer 3 can be used together with the dialysate as the priming liquid. It can be discharged to the dialysate discharge line L2 and removed.

  The dialysate supplied to the arterial blood circuit 1 and the venous blood circuit 2 as described above is discharged through the dialysate discharge line L2 by normal filtration. Thus, it is controlled so that impurities and bubbles can be detected. That is, the detection means 12b can detect whether impurities or bubbles are contained in the dialysate discharged from the dialysate discharge line L2 in the positive filtration during priming, and the impurities and bubbles are detected. In the state (for example, the state in which the detection value of the received light intensity detection means 15 exceeds the threshold A), it is understood that the cleaning is insufficient. Then, the priming of the blood circuit side and the dialysate flow path β is completed on condition that the state in which the detection unit 12b does not detect impurities and bubbles continues for a predetermined time.

  After the normal filtration as described above is completed, the hollow fiber membrane of the dialyzer 3 is driven by rotating the blood pump 4 while maintaining the state of the electromagnetic valves V1 to V7, V9, and V10 as shown in FIG. The dialysate may be reverse filtered through M. At this time, the priming fluid (dialysate in this embodiment) in the blood circuit is supplied to the dialysate introduction line L1 through the connection line L9.

  However, in the dual pump 7, the dialysate flowing through the connection portion (suction side) with the dialysate introduction line L1 and the dialysate flowing through the connection portion (discharge side) with the dialysate discharge line L2 are equal in amount. The dialysate in the blood circuit that is configured to be driven and supplied in the closed circuit is supplied to the dialysate introduction line L1, so that the dialysate channel β is positive with respect to the blood channel α. Pressure. Thus, the dialysate substantially equal to the flow rate by the reverse drive of the blood pump 4 is filtered (reverse filtered) from the dialysate flow path β to the blood flow path α via the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) of the dialyzer 3. The Rukoto. Accordingly, during priming, dialysate can be circulated in the direction opposite to that during normal filtration with respect to the minute holes (pores) in the hollow fiber membrane M of the dialyzer 3, so that the minute holes can be washed. This can be done more reliably.

  Then, the series of priming is completed on condition that the normal filtration and the reverse filtration are repeatedly performed and the state where the detection unit 12b does not detect impurities and bubbles continues for a predetermined time. After the priming is completed, the connectors a and b are disconnected, and the arterial puncture needle and the vein puncture needle are attached to the connectors a and b, and the patient is punctured to perform dialysis treatment. At the time of treatment, the blood purification efficiency can be monitored by detecting the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line L2 by the detection means 12b disposed in the dialysate discharge line L2.

  In addition, it is not limited to the thing which performs a normal filtration process and a reverse filtration process as mentioned above, At the time of priming, it dialyzes from the blood flow path (alpha) through the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification film) of the dialyzer 3 (blood purification means). It is assumed that only the normal filtration step of filtering the dialysate through the fluid channel β, and the blood channel α from the dialysate channel β through the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) of the dialyzer 3 (blood purification means). It is good also as what does not perform the reverse filtration process of filtering a dialysate.

  According to the first to fourth embodiments, since impurities in the priming solution (physiological saline or dialysis solution) are detected during priming, blood circuits (arterial blood circuit 1 and venous blood circuit 2) by priming are used. In addition, the blood purification membrane (hollow fiber membrane M) can be more reliably washed, and the amount of priming solution used can be made appropriate. Further, the detection means (12a, 12b, 16) can detect bubbles in the priming liquid in addition to the impurities in the priming liquid based on the light reception intensity detected by the light reception intensity detection means 15. It is possible to combine the function of detecting impurities in the liquid and the function of detecting bubbles, and the device configuration is compared to a device having a means for detecting impurities in the priming and a means for detecting bubbles. The manufacturing cost and the maintenance cost can be reduced.

  Further, the light emitting means 13 that can irradiate light to the priming liquid, the light receiving means 14 that can receive the transmitted light from the light emitting means 13 that has passed through the priming liquid, and the received light intensity detection that can detect the light reception intensity by the light receiving means 14 And detecting means (12a, 12b, 16) having the means 15, and the impurities in the priming liquid can be detected based on the received light intensity detected by the received light intensity detecting means 15. Detection can be performed.

  In particular, since the impurities in the priming liquid can be detected by optical detection (light irradiation and light reception) in the detection means (12a, 12b, 16), the detection accuracy of the impurities can be improved and the flow path can be improved. Since it is possible to detect impurities in the priming liquid flowing through the priming liquid, it is not necessary to collect the priming liquid, and the impurities can be detected easily and smoothly.

  Furthermore, since the detection means 12b in the above embodiment can detect the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line L2 during the treatment, the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) of the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) is used during priming. Washing can be confirmed, and at the time of treatment, dialysis efficiency can be confirmed based on the concentration of impurities filtered from the blood by the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane).

  In addition, according to the first and third embodiments, the priming liquid extended from the venous air trap chamber 6 connected to the venous blood circuit 2 and supplied to the venous blood circuit 2 is discharged to the outside. And the detecting means 12a is disposed in the overflow line L7, so that the impurities in the priming liquid discharged from the overflow line L7 can be detected, and impurities can be more reliably removed from the outside. Can be discharged. The overflow line in which the detecting means 12a is disposed is not limited to the one extending from the venous air trap chamber 6 connected to the venous blood circuit 2, but is connected to the arterial blood circuit 1. It may be extended from the air trap chamber 5.

  Furthermore, according to the first to fourth embodiments, since the detection means 12b is disposed in the dialysate discharge line L2, it is possible to detect impurities in the priming solution flowing through the dialysate discharge line L2, and blood In addition to the flow path α, the dialysate flow path β can be reliably washed. In particular, according to the fourth embodiment, during the priming, the positive filtration step of filtering the dialysate from the blood channel α to the dialysate channel β via the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) of the dialyzer 3 is performed. And the detection means 12b is formed in the hollow fiber membrane M (blood purification membrane) because the detection means 12b can detect the impurities in the priming fluid flowing through the dialysate discharge line L2 during the normal filtration step. Impurities filled in the pores (pores) can also be reliably removed, the hollow fiber membrane M can be more reliably washed, and impurities can be reliably removed via the dialysate discharge line L2. It can be discharged to the outside.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the detection means (12a, 12b, 16) is not limited to the transmission sensor as described above, and is a reflection that reflects light. A type sensor may be used. That is, as the detecting means (12a, 12b, 16), a light emitting means capable of irradiating light to the priming liquid, a light receiving means capable of receiving reflected light from the light emitting means reflecting the priming liquid, and a light receiving intensity by the light receiving means. And a light receiving intensity detecting means capable of detecting the impurity, and the impurities in the priming liquid may be detected based on the light receiving intensity detected by the light receiving intensity detecting means.

  Furthermore, instead of the detection means (12a, 12b, 16), a sensor other than an optical sensor (for example, a sensor capable of detecting osmotic pressure) may be used. That is, as the priming solution, a physiological saline solution or a dialysis solution having an osmotic pressure approximately equal to that of blood is usually used. However, a protective agent or a blood purification membrane applied to the hollow fiber membrane M of the dialyzer 3 is used. Or, when impurities such as eluate or residual chemical solution produced in the sterilization process are contained, the osmotic pressure decreases, so that the impurities in the priming solution can be detected by detecting the decrease in the osmotic pressure. It is.

  Further, the detection means (12a, 12b, 16) is not limited to that provided in the overflow line L7 or the dialysate discharge line L2, and may be provided in any flow path through which the priming liquid flows. . Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the dialyzer 3 having the hollow fiber membrane M is used as the blood purification means, but is not limited to the dialyzer 3 and has a blood purification membrane different from the hollow fiber membrane M. Other forms of blood purification means may be used.

  Further, the blood circuit to be applied is one in which the arterial air trap chamber 5 is not connected to the arterial blood circuit 1 (that is, the venous air trap chamber 6 is connected only to the venous blood circuit 2), Alternatively, it may be one in which various sub-lines are connected through connecting means such as a T-shaped tube. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to a hemodialysis apparatus used at the time of dialysis treatment, but other apparatuses that can purify the patient's blood while circulating it extracorporeally (for example, blood filtration dialysis, blood filtration, AFBF) You may apply to the blood purification apparatus used, a plasma adsorption apparatus, etc.).

Before the blood purification treatment, a protective agent is applied to the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means, and at the time of priming before the treatment, the blood circuit and the blood flow path of the blood purification means, the dialysate flow path of the blood purification means, In the blood purification apparatus and its priming method that can be filled by supplying a priming liquid to the priming liquid, the protective agent as an impurity contained in the priming liquid is detected at the time of priming , and the protective agent is no longer detected. As long as the priming is terminated, the present invention can be applied to other forms and uses.

1 Arterial blood circuit 2 Venous blood circuit 3 Dialyzer (blood purification means)
4 Blood pump 5 Arterial side air trap chamber 6 Vein side air trap chamber 7 Duplex pump 8 Dewatering pumps 9a, 9b Filtration filter 10 Storage means 11 Control means 12a, 12b Detection means 13 Light emission means 14 Light reception means 15 Light reception intensity detection means 16 Detection means 17 Collection port L1 Dialysate introduction line L2 Dialysate discharge line M Hollow fiber membrane (blood purification membrane)
α Blood channel β Dialysate channel

Claims (16)

A blood circuit comprising an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit, and capable of extracorporeally circulating the patient's blood from the distal end of the arterial blood circuit to the distal end of the venous blood circuit;
A blood flow that is interposed between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit of the blood circuit to purify the blood flowing through the blood circuit and to which the patient's blood flows through a blood purification film for purifying the blood Blood purification means in which a dialysis fluid flow path through which the passage and dialysis fluid flow is formed;
A dialysate introduction line and a dialysate discharge line connected to the inlet and outlet of the dialysate flow path of the blood purification means;
And a protective agent is applied to the blood purification film of the blood purification means before the blood purification treatment, and at the time of priming before the treatment, the blood circuit and the blood flow path of the blood purification means, and the blood In the blood purification apparatus that can be filled by supplying a priming liquid to the dialysate flow path of the purification means,
It is provided with a detecting means capable of detecting the protective agent as an impurity contained in the priming liquid at the time of priming, and is controlled so as to end priming on the condition that the protective agent is no longer detected by the detecting means. A blood purification device. The detection means includes
A light emitting means capable of irradiating the priming liquid with light;
A light receiving means capable of receiving transmitted light or reflected light from the light emitting means that has transmitted or reflected the priming liquid;
A received light intensity detecting means capable of detecting a received light intensity by the light receiving means;
The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the protective agent in the priming solution can be detected based on the received light intensity detected by the received light intensity detecting means.   The detection means can detect air bubbles in the priming liquid in addition to the protective agent in the priming liquid based on the received light intensity detected by the received light intensity detection means. The blood purification apparatus as described.   The priming liquid extended from the arterial air trap chamber or venous air trap chamber connected to the arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit and discharged to the outside is supplied to the arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit. The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the blood purifier includes a possible overflow line, and the detection unit is disposed in the overflow line.   The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the detection means is disposed in the dialysate discharge line.   At the time of priming, the detection means comprises a control means for performing a positive filtration step of filtering dialysate as a priming liquid from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path through the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means, 6. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the protective agent in the priming solution flowing through the dialysate discharge line can be detected during the normal filtration step.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the detection means can detect the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line during treatment.   The priming liquid extended from the arterial air trap chamber or venous air trap chamber connected to the arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit and discharged to the outside is supplied to the arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an overflow line that can be connected to the overflow line or the blood circuit and the dialysate discharge line. The blood purification apparatus according to 1. A blood circuit comprising an arterial blood circuit and a venous blood circuit, and capable of extracorporeally circulating the patient's blood from the distal end of the arterial blood circuit to the distal end of the venous blood circuit;
A blood flow that is interposed between the arterial blood circuit and the venous blood circuit of the blood circuit to purify the blood flowing through the blood circuit and to which the patient's blood flows through a blood purification film for purifying the blood Blood purification means in which a dialysis fluid flow path through which the passage and dialysis fluid flow is formed;
A dialysate introduction line and a dialysate discharge line connected to the inlet and outlet of the dialysate flow path of the blood purification means;
And a protective agent is applied to the blood purification film of the blood purification means before the blood purification treatment, and at the time of priming before the treatment, the blood circuit and the blood flow path of the blood purification means, and the blood In the priming method of the blood purification apparatus that can be filled by supplying the priming liquid to the dialysate flow path of the purification means,
A priming method for a blood purification apparatus, wherein, during priming, the protective agent as an impurity contained in a priming solution is detected, and priming is terminated on condition that the protective agent is no longer detected . The blood purification device comprises:
A light emitting means capable of irradiating the priming liquid with light;
A light receiving means capable of receiving transmitted light or reflected light from the light emitting means that has transmitted or reflected the priming liquid;
A received light intensity detecting means capable of detecting a received light intensity by the light receiving means;
10. The priming method for a blood purification apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising: a detecting unit including: detecting the protective agent in the priming solution based on the received light intensity detected by the received light intensity detecting unit.   11. The detection means detects air bubbles in the priming liquid in addition to the protective agent in the priming liquid based on the received light intensity detected by the received light intensity detection means. Priming method for blood purification apparatus.   The blood purification device extends from an artery side air trap chamber or vein side air trap chamber connected to the artery side blood circuit or vein side blood circuit, and is supplied to the artery side blood circuit or vein side blood circuit 12. The priming method for a blood purification apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising an overflow line through which priming liquid can be discharged to the outside, and wherein the detection means is disposed in the overflow line.   The priming method for a blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the detection means is disposed in the dialysate discharge line.   The blood purification apparatus includes control means for performing a positive filtration step of filtering dialysate as a priming liquid from the blood flow path to the dialysate flow path through the blood purification membrane of the blood purification means during priming. The priming method for a blood purification apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the detecting means detects the protective agent in the priming fluid flowing through the dialysate discharge line during the normal filtration step.   The priming method for a blood purification apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the detection means detects the concentration of impurities in the dialysate flowing through the dialysate discharge line during treatment.   The priming liquid extended from the arterial air trap chamber or venous air trap chamber connected to the arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit and discharged to the outside is supplied to the arterial blood circuit or venous blood circuit. The blood according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the blood is provided with an overflow line that can be used, and the detection means is disposed in the overflow line or the blood circuit and the dialysate discharge line, respectively. Priming method for purification device.

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