JP6025958B1 - 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータおよびその利用 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池用セパレータおよびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6025958B1 JP6025958B1 JP2015233942A JP2015233942A JP6025958B1 JP 6025958 B1 JP6025958 B1 JP 6025958B1 JP 2015233942 A JP2015233942 A JP 2015233942A JP 2015233942 A JP2015233942 A JP 2015233942A JP 6025958 B1 JP6025958 B1 JP 6025958B1
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KUKFKAPJCRZILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C=CC#N.OC(=O)C=C KUKFKAPJCRZILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ(以下、セパレータということがある)は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分とする多孔質フィルムであり、非水電解液二次電池において正極と負極との間に配置される。
(ヒートシール性試験)
80mm×80mmの2枚の試験サンプルを、テクノインパルス社製クリップシーラーZ−1にて一辺をシールする。シール条件は、140℃、1秒である。一辺がシールされた試験サンプルを27mm×80mmに切り出し、島津製作所製オートグラフAGS−50NXにより、100mm/minの条件で剥離強度を測定する。同一の試験サンプルにつき、3回の測定を行い、平均値をとる。
(1)超高分子量ポリエチレン100重量部と、重量平均分子量1万以下の低分子量ポリオレフィン5〜200重量部と、炭酸カルシウム等の孔形成剤100〜400重量部とを混練してポリオレフィン樹脂組成物を得る工程
(2)ポリオレフィン樹脂組成物を用いてシートを成形する工程
(3)工程(2)で得られたシート中から孔形成剤を除去する工程
(4)工程(3)で得られたシートを延伸してセパレータを得る工程。
さらに、本発明の非水電解液二次電池用セパレータは、接着層や耐熱層、保護層等の公知の多孔質層を備えていてもよい。本明細書において、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータと、多孔質層とを備えるセパレータのことを非水電解液二次電池用積層セパレータ(以下、積層セパレータということがある)という。
本発明の実施形態3に係る非水電解液二次電池用部材は、正極、本発明の実施形態1に係る非水電解液二次電池用セパレータまたは本発明の実施形態2に係る非水電解液二次電池用積層セパレータ、および負極がこの順で配置されてなる非水電解液二次電池用部材である。また、本発明の実施形態4に係る非水電解液二次電池は、本発明の実施形態1に係る非水電解液二次電池用セパレータまたは本発明の実施形態2に係る非水電解液二次電池用積層セパレータを備える。以下、非水電解液二次電池用部材として、リチウムイオン二次電池用部材を例に挙げ、非水電解液二次電池として、リチウムイオン二次電池を例に挙げて説明する。尚、上記非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、上記非水電解液二次電池用積層セパレータ以外の非水電解液二次電池用部材、非水電解液二次電池の構成要素は、下記説明の構成要素に限定されるものではない。
以下の実施例および比較例に係るセパレータの各種物性を、以下の方法で測定した。
JIS K7130に準拠して、ミツトヨ製VL−50Aにて測定を行った。
JIS K6404−14に準拠して、以下の方法によりブロッキング試験を行った。セパレータから80mm×80mmの試験サンプルを2枚切り出した後、当該2枚の試験サンプルを、100mm×100mm、厚み3mmの2枚のガラス基板に挟み、3.5kgの荷重をかけ、133℃±1℃の雰囲気下で30分静置した。そして、荷重を取り除いてから室温まで放冷後、試験サンプルを27mm×80mmに切り出し、島津製作所製オートグラフAGS−50NXにより、100mm/minの条件で剥離強度を測定した。なお、同一の試験サンプルにつき、3回の測定を行い、平均値をとった。
セパレータを直径12mmのワッシャで固定し、ピンを200mm/minで突き刺したときの最大応力(gf)を該セパレータの突刺強度とした。ピンは、ピン径1mm、先端0.5Rのものを使用した。そして、上記ブロッキング試験前の1枚のセパレータについて測定した突刺強度に対する、ブロッキング試験後の1枚のセパレータについて測定した突刺強度の変化率(=100×|(ブロッキング試験後の突刺強度)−(ブロッキング試験前の突刺強度)|/(ブロッキング試験前の突刺強度))を算出した。
セパレータから80mm×80mmの試験サンプルを2枚切り出した後、当該2枚の試験サンプルを重ね合わせ、テクノインパルス社製クリップシーラーZ−1にて一辺をシールした。シール条件は、140℃、1秒である。一辺がシールされた試験サンプルを27mm×80mmに切り出し、島津製作所製オートグラフAGS−50NXにより、100mm/minの条件で剥離強度を測定した。なお、同一の試験サンプルにつき、3回の測定を行い、平均値をとった。
セパレータから130mm×130mmの測定用サンプルを切り出し、菊水電子工業株式会社製の耐電圧試験機TOS−9201を用いて耐電圧試験を実施した。耐電圧試験条件は、以下の通りである。
(a)上部円柱電極(直径25mm)と下部円柱電極(直径75mm)との間に、測定用サンプルを負極で挟んだ積層体を配置し、3.8kgの荷重をかけた。
(b)電極間において、昇電圧速度40V/sにて800Vまで昇電圧した後、その電圧(800V)を60秒間維持した。
(c)デジタルスチルカメラを用いて、(b)に記載の耐電圧試験の後の積層体を写真撮影した。
(d)(c)にて撮影された写真データについて、アメリカ国立衛生研究所(NIH:National Institute of Health)が発行する画像解析のフリーソフトIMAGEJを用いて、撮影された写真データを2値化(白黒化)し、黒で表示された箇所を耐電圧不良箇所(欠損領域)としてカウントした。
(e)上記(a)〜(d)に記載の方法を10回繰り返し、その10回の平均値を耐電圧試験の欠損箇所の個数とした。
以下のように、非水電解液二次電池に用いられる、実施例1〜3および比較例1に係るセパレータを作製した。
超高分子量ポリエチレン粉末(GUR2024、ティコナ社製)を68重量%、重量平均分子量1000のポリエチレンワックス(FNP−0115、日本精鑞社製)32重量%、この超高分子量ポリエチレンとポリエチレンワックスの合計を100重量部として、フェノール系酸化防止剤1:0.4重量%、リン系酸化防止剤2:0.1重量%、ステアリン酸ナトリウム:1.3重量%を加え、更に全体積に対して38体積%となるように平均孔径0.1μmの炭酸カルシウム(丸尾カルシウム社製)を加え、これらを粉末のままヘンシェルミキサーで混合した後、二軸混練機で溶融混練してポリオレフィン樹脂組成物とした。該ポリオレフィン樹脂組成物を表面温度が150℃一対のロールにて圧延し、シートを作成した。このシートを塩酸水溶液(塩酸4mol/L、非イオン系界面活性剤0.5重量%)に浸漬させることで炭酸カルシウムを除去し、続いて株式会社市金工業社製の一軸延伸型テンター式延伸機を用いて、熱固定領域の温度を126℃に設定して原料ポリオレフィンシートを105℃で6.2倍に延伸し、実施例1のセパレータを得た。得られたセパレータのヒートシール性は12.3Nであった。
超高分子量ポリエチレン粉末として、ティコナ社製のGUR4012を75重量%、ポリエチレンワックスとして、三井化学社製のハイワックス110Pを25重量%、熱固定領域の温度を115℃に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にして、セパレータを得た。得られたセパレータのヒートシール性は10.2Nであった。
超高分子量ポリエチレン粉末として、ティコナ社製のGUR4032を70重量%、ポリエチレンワックスを30重量%、熱固定領域の温度を120℃に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にして、セパレータを得た。得られたセパレータのヒートシール性は7.0Nであった。
超高分子量ポリエチレン粉末として、ティコナ社製のGUR4032を70重量%、ポリエチレンワックスを30重量%、熱固定領域の温度を115℃に設定した以外は実施例1と同様にして、セパレータを得た。得られたセパレータのヒートシール性は7.4Nであった。
実施例1〜3および比較例1のセパレータについて、膜厚、ブロッキング試験(剥離強度)、目付、ブロッキング試験前後の突刺強度の変化率、ヒートシール性、耐電圧試験の測定結果を表1に示す。なお、表1の耐電圧試験の測定結果において、◎は欠損箇所が10個未満、○は欠損箇所が10個以上30個未満、×は欠損箇所が30個以上を示している。また、実施例1,2,3および比較例1のセパレータのいずれにおいても、ブロッキング試験前の突刺強度は2N以上を示した。
Claims (5)
- ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分とする多孔質フィルムであって、
ブロッキング試験で測定される剥離強度が0.2N以上であり、
前記ブロッキング試験前の突刺強度に対する、前記ブロッキング試験後の突刺強度の変化率が15%以下であることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ。
前記ブロッキング試験は、80mm×80mmの2枚の前記非水電解液二次電池用セパレータを、100mm×100mmの治具で挟み込み、3.5kgの荷重をかけながら133℃±1℃の雰囲気下で30分静置した後、前記荷重を取り除き、室温まで冷却した後に、27mm×80mmの試験片に切り出し、当該試験片に対して100mm/minの条件で剥離強度を測定する試験である。 - 膜厚が20μm以下である請求項1に記載の非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解液二次電池用セパレータと、多孔質層とを備えることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池用積層セパレータ。
- 正極と、請求項1もしくは2に記載の非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、又は、請求項3に記載の非水電解液二次電池用積層セパレータと、負極とがこの順で配置されてなることを特徴とする、非水電解液二次電池用部材。
- 請求項1もしくは2に記載の非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、又は、請求項3に記載の非水電解液二次電池用積層セパレータを備えることを特徴とする、非水電解液二次電池。
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