JP5976732B2 - 神経学的状態のバイオマーカー検出方法およびアッセイ - Google Patents
神経学的状態のバイオマーカー検出方法およびアッセイ Download PDFInfo
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Description
本案件の一部は、米国国防省から、グラントN14-06-1-1029、W81XWH-8-1-0376およびW81XWH-07-01-0701によって支援を受けた。
本願出願は、2008年8月11日に出願された米国仮出願No. 61/188,554、2008年9月17日に出願された米国仮出願No. 61/097,622、2009年6月19日に出願された米国仮出願No. 61/218,727および2009年7月18日に出願された米国仮出願No. 61/271,135の優先権を主張する。各仮出願の中身を、明確且つ完全に本願明細書に記載されているように、参照によって本願明細書に組み込む。
onent protein)、グアノシン二リン酸会合阻害剤1(guanosine diphosphate dissociation inhibitor 1)、コラプシン応答メディエータータンパク質2、ムリノグロブリン1ホモログ、フェロオキシダーゼ、セルロプラスミン、スペクトリンα-鎖、脳、C-反応性タンパク質、脳クレアチンキナーゼ、プロテアソームサブユニットα-タイプ7、14-3-3タンパク質、シナプトタグミン、これらのサブタイプ、これらの断片、これらの分解産物またはこれらの組み合わせ。他の有用なバイオマーカーは、例示的には、Kobeissy, FH, et al, Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, 2006; 5:1887-1898(この文献の中身は、参照によって本願明細書に組み込まれる)によって同定されたバイオマーカー、または当該業界で既知の他のバイオマーカーを含む。
本発明を実施するのに使用される例示的な試薬は、重炭酸ナトリウム(Sigma Cat#: C-3041)、ブロッキングバッファー(Startingblock T20-TBS)(Pierece Cat#: 37543)、Twenn20を含むトリス緩衝生理食塩水(TBST; Sigma Cat#: T-9039)、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS; Sigma Cat#: P-3813)、Tween20(Sigma Cat#: P5927)、Ultra TMB ELISA(Pierce Cat#: 34028)およびNunc maxisorp ELISAプレート(Fisher)を含む。モノクローナルおよびポリクローナルGFAPおよびUCH-L1抗体は、組織内で調製され、または、Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CAから購入する。α-IIスペクトリンおよび分解産物ならびにMAP2に対する抗体は、Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CAから購入可能である。多くのサブタイプの抗体についての標識は、Invitrogen, Corp., Carlsbad, CAから購入可能である。生物学的サンプル中のタンパク質濃度は、アルブミンスタンダードを用いたビシンコニン酸マイクロプロテインアッセイ(Pierce Inc., Rockford, IL, USA)を使用して求める。全ての他の必要な試薬および物質は、当業者に知られており、容易に確認可能である。
抗-バイオマーカー特異的ウサギポリクローナル抗体およびモノクローナル抗体を、研究室で産生する。標的バイオマーカーに対する抗体の反応特異性を求めるために、単離したまたは部分的に単離したバイオマーカーの既知の量を分析し、または組織パネルをウェスタンブロットによって調べる。間接的ELISAを、ELISAプレートに結合させたリコンビナントバイオマーカータンパク質を用いて使用し、アッセイで使用する抗体の最適な濃度を求める。マイクロタイタープレートのウェルを、ウサギのポリクローナル抗-ヒトバイオマーカー抗体でコーティングする。ウサギ抗-ヒトバイオマーカー抗体の濃度を最大シグナルについて求めた後で、各抗体について間接的ELISAのより低い検出限界を求める。適切に希釈したサンプルを、ウサギポリクローナル抗-ヒトバイオマーカー抗体と、2時間インキュベートし、その後洗浄する。ビオチンで標識化したモノクローナル抗-ヒトバイオマーカー抗体を、その後、添加し、捕捉されたバイオマーカーとインキュベートする。洗浄後、ストレプトアビジン ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ コンジュゲートを加える。1時間のインキュベーションおよび最後の洗浄工程の後、残ったコンジュゲートを、基質である過酸化水素、テトラメチルベンジジンと反応させる。反応を、酢酸溶液の添加によって停止し、得られた黄色の反応産物の吸光度を450ナノメートルで測定する。吸光度は、バイオマーカーの濃度に比例する。標準曲線を、キャリブレーターサンプルを使用して、バイオマーカー濃度の関数として吸光度の値をプロットすることによって構築し、未知サンプルの濃度を、標準曲線を使用して求める。
controlled cortical impact(CCI)デバイスを、以前に記載されたように(Pike et al, 1998)、ラットにTBIをモデル化するのに使用する。大人のオスの(280-300g)Sprague-Dawleyラット(Harlan: Indianapolis, IN)を、4%イソフルランを用いて、1:1 O2/N2Oのキャリアーガス内で(4分)麻酔をかけ、2.5%イソフルランで同じキャリアーガス中で維持する。中核体温を、連続して、直腸サーミスタープローブによってモニターし、ラットの下に調節できる温度制御過熱バッドを置いて、37±1℃で維持する。動物を、定位固定フレームにうつぶせの状態で取り付け、ear barおよびincisor barによって固定する。正中線頭蓋切開および軟組織の反転後に、片側(衝撃の側と同側)開頭術(直径7mm)を、ブレグマおよびラムダとの間の中途に、中央縫合線付近で実施する。硬膜を大脳皮質上でインタクトに保つ。右の(同側の)大脳皮質を、(空気圧シリンダーで保管した)直径5mmのアルミニウムインパクターチップを用いて、3.5m/sの速度、1.6mmの圧縮および150ms dwell timeで、衝撃を与えることによって、脳の外傷を生じさせた。偽損傷コントロール動物は、同一の外科手順に供するが、衝撃損傷を与えない。適切な損傷前および損傷後の管理を実施し、University of Florida Institutional Animal Care and Use Committeeで定められたガイドライン、およびGuide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animalsに詳細に記されたNational Institutes of Healthガイドラインを用いてコンプライアンスを守る。加えて、研究を、Animal Welfare Actならびに動物および動物が関与する実験に関する他の連邦法規および規制に従って、実施し、「Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, NRC Publication, 1996 edition」で述べられた原則に対して着実に実行する。
ラットを、イソフラン麻酔下(インキュベーションチャンバーを介して5%イソフランに続き、ノーズコーンを介して2%イソフラン)でインキュベートし、ラットの右総頚動脈(CCA)を、外頚動脈および内頚動脈(ECAおよびICA)分岐レベルで、正中首切開(midline neck incision)を用いて曝露する。ICAの後を、吻方に、翼突口蓋分枝(pterygopalatine branch)へと続き、ECAを結紮し、その舌枝および上顎分枝で切断する。3-0ナイロン縫合糸を、その後、ICAへと、ECA断端(ECA stump)(縫合糸のコースを、血管壁を介して視覚的にモニターした)上の切開を介して導入し、頸動脈管を介して約20mm頸動脈分岐部から、中大脳脈の起点を阻害する前大脳動脈の狭窄に詰まらせるようになるまで、進ませる。皮膚の切開を、その後に閉じて、血管内の縫合糸をその場所で30分間または2時間置く。その後、ラットを簡単に再度麻酔にかけ、縫合糸のフィラメントを引っ込め、再灌流させる。偽MCAO手術については、同じ手法に従ったが、フィラメントを内部-外部頚動脈分岐部を越えて10mmしか進ませず、ラットをと殺するまで、その場所に置く。全ての外科的手法の間、動物は、37±1℃で、恒温性加熱ブランケット(Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, U.S.A.)によって維持する。各実験の結論において、ラットの脳が、解剖によって、くも膜下出血の病理学的証拠を示すならば、試験から除外することに着目することは重要である。適切な損傷前および損傷後の管理を実施し、全ての動物のケアおよび使用ガイドラインを用いたコンプライアンスを守る。
損傷後適切な時点で(2、6、24時間後および2、3、5日後)、動物に麻酔をかけ、骨頭切除術によって直接と殺する。脳を素早く取り除き、氷冷したPBSでリンスし、半分にする。右脳半球(衝撃領域周辺の大脳皮質および海馬)を迅速に解剖し、氷冷したPBSでリンスし、液体窒素中でsnap-frozenし、使用するまで-80℃で保存する。免疫組織学については、脳を素早くドライアイススラリー中で凍結し、クリオスタット(20μm)を介し、SUPERFROST PLUS GOLD(登録商標)(Fisher Scientific)スライド上で薄片にし、その後、使用するまで-80℃で保存する。左脳半球については、右側と同じ組織を回収する。ウェスタンブロット分析については、脳サンプルを、小さなすり鉢で細かく砕き、ドライアイス上で、細かい粉末へとすりつぶす。細かく砕いた脳組織の粉末を、その後、90分間4℃で、50mM Tris (pH7.4)のバッファー、 5mM EDTA、1% (v/v) Triton X-100、1mM DTT、1xプロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル(Roche Biochemicals)中で溶解する。脳溶解液を、その後、15,000xgで5分間4℃で遠心し、不溶性の細片を取り除いて除去し、snap-frozenし、使用するまで-80℃で保存する。
対象をMCAOチャレンジに供し、CSFアンプルを定量的ウェスタンブロッティングによって分析した。UCH-L1タンパク質は、損傷後に、統計学的に有意なレベルで、偽処理サンプルにおけるUCH-L1の量を超えて、容易に検出可能であった(図1AおよびB)。これらのUCH-L1レベルは、一時的に、軽度の虚血(30分のMCAO)に続く再かん流後(6時間で)、上昇したのに対して、このレベルは、より過酷な虚血(2時間のMCAO)後では、6から7時間維持した(図1AおよびB)。
ELISAを使用して、生物学サンプル中のUCH-L1をより迅速かつ容易に検出および定量した。UCH-L1サンドイッチELISA(swELISA)については、96穴のプレートを、0.1M重炭酸ナトリウム、pH9.2中の100μl/ウェルの捕捉抗体(500ng/ウェルの精製したウサギ抗-UCH-L1、一般的な手法によって組織内で調製)を用いて被覆した。プレートを一晩4℃でインキュベートし、ウェルの中身を捨て、300μl/ウェルのブロッキングバッファー(Staringblock T20-TBS)を加え、30分間室温でゆっくりと攪拌しながらインキュベートした。この後に、標準曲線のために抗原スタンダード(リコンビナントUCH-L1)(0.05-0.5ng/ウェル)か、サンプル希釈液中のサンプル(3-10μl CSF)(総ボリューム100μl/ウェル)かのいずれかを添加した。プレートを2時間室温でインキュベートし、その後、自動化プレート洗浄機を用いて洗浄した(洗浄バッファーTBSTで、5×300μl/ウェル)。ブロッキングバッファー中の、検出抗体であるマウス抗-UCH-L1-HRPコンジュゲート(組織内で調製、50μg/ml)を、その後、ウェルに、100μl/ウェルで加え、1.5時間室温でインキュベートした後に、洗浄した。増幅が必要な場合は、ビオチン-チアミン溶液(Perkin Elmer Elast Amplification Kit)を加えて、15分間室温で静置し、その後、洗浄した後で、0.02% Tween-20および1% BSAを含むPBS中の100μl/ウェルのストレプトアビジン-HRP(1:500)を30分間反応させ、その後、洗浄した。最後に、ウェルを、100μl/ウェルのTMB基質溶液(Ultra-TMB ELISA, Pierce#34028)を用いて、5-30分間のインキュベーション時間で発色させた。シグナルを、652nmで、96穴分光光度計(Molecular Device Spectramax 190)を用いて読み込んだ。
スペクトリン分解産物を、米国特許第7,291,710号明細書(この文献の中身は参照によって本願明細書に組み込まれる)に記載の類似の方法によって、ラットでのMCAOチャレンジ後に分析した。図6は、血清およびCSFの両方中のSBDP145のレベルは、軽度の(30分)チャレンジと比較して、過酷な(2時間)MCAOチャレンジ後に試験した全ての時点で、有意に増加した(p<0.05)ことを示す。同じように、SBDP120は、過酷なMCAOを行うと、CSF中で、損傷後24から72時間の間に有意な上昇を示した(図7)。しかしながら、血清中のSBDP120のレベルは、軽度のチャレンジと比較して、過酷なチャレンジを行うと、2から120時間の間で増加した。CSFおよび血清の両方においては、軽度および過酷なMCAOチャレンジの両方は、偽処理対象と比較して、SPBP120と140が増加した。
微小管結合タンパク質2(MAP2)を、バイオマーカーとして、CSFおよび血清の両方において、軽度(30分)および過酷(2時間)なMCAOチャレンジ後に、対象中で、ELISAまたはウェスタンブロッティングによって、基本的には本願明細書に記したようにアッセイした。MAP(MAP-2(E-12))に対する抗体を、Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CAから入手した。これらの抗体は、ELISAおよびウェスタンブロッティング手法に適し、マウスおよびヒトMAP2に交差反応した。MAP2のレベルは、ナイーブコントロールの動物と比較して、軽度のMCAO後の対象において、CSFおよび血清の両方で、有意に増加した(p<0.05)(図8)。UCH-L1およびSBDPと同じように、過酷なチャレンジ(2時間)により、両方のサンプルにおいては、軽度のチャレンジ(30分)よりも非常に高いMAP2レベルがもたらされた。
重篤な外傷性脳損傷に罹患した46人のヒト対象が関与する試験を実施した。これらの対象のそれぞれは、18歳を超え、8以下のGCSを有し、通常の治療の一部として脳室造瘻術および神経モニタリングを必要とするという特徴を有した。コントロールグループA(同意語として、CSFコントロールとして記される)は、18歳以上であり、損傷を有さない10人の個人を含ませた。サンプルを、通常の手術手法のための、または、水頭症または髄膜炎の治療に関与したCSFへのアクセスのための脊髄麻酔の間に入手した。コントロールグループB(同意語として、正常のコントロールとして記される)は、18歳以上であり、脳損傷を有さない多発損傷を経験した64人の個人とした。試験に参加した層の更なる詳細を、表1に示す。
実施例10の試験を、9から11のGCSスコアよって特徴付けられる中程度の外傷性脳損傷コホート、および、12から15のGCSスコアによって特徴付けられる軽度の外傷性脳損傷コホートを用いて繰り返した。血液サンプルを、損傷の2時間以内に病院の緊急治療室に到着した各患者から入手し、GFAPのミリリットル当りナノグラムのレベルについてELISAによって測定した。結果を、損傷の如何なる形態も経験していないコントロールグループのデータと比較した。二次アウトカムは、頭部のCTスキャンでの頭蓋内病巣の存在を含んでいた。
Claims (6)
- 最初に、外傷性脳損傷を有する恐れがある対象から得た脳脊髄液(CSF)、血液、血漿または、血清から選択される生物学的サンプルを得る工程;
前記サンプルを、GFAPである第一のバイオマーカーの量、および、UCH-L1である少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーの量について測定する工程;ならびに
前記第一のバイオマーカーの量および前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーの量を、前記第一のバイオマーカーおよび前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーの標準レベルと比較し、そして、前記第一のバイオマーカーの量および前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経学的バイオマーカーの量をそれぞれ比較して、対象の外傷性脳損傷の重症度を測定する工程
を含む、軽度の外傷性脳損傷と中程度の外傷性脳損傷を差異化する方法。 - 前記第一のバイオマーカーの第二の量および前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーの第二の量を、二回目に測定し、前記第一のバイオマーカーおよび前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーについて動力学的プロファイルを得る工程を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 対象中の標準レベルの間の前記第一のバイオマーカーの量および前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーの量を、対象と同じ性別の他の個人と比較する工程を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 対象または細胞から単離した、脳脊髄液(CSF)、血液、血漿または、血清から選択されるサンプルを維持するための基体;
GFAPである第一のバイオマーカーに特異的に結合する物質;
UCH-L1である少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーに特異的に結合する物質;および
前記第一のバイオマーカーに特異的な物質をサンプルの第一の部分と反応させて、前記第一のバイオマーカーの量を検出し、ならびに、前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーに特異的な物質を、サンプルの第二の部分およびサンプル中の前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーと反応させて、前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーの量を検出し、請求項1に記載の方法に従って対象の外傷性脳損傷の重症度を測定するための印刷した指示書
を含む、軽度の外傷性脳損傷と中程度の外傷性脳損傷を差異化するためのアッセイ。 - バイオマーカーに特異的な物質が、抗-GFAP抗体または抗-UCH-L1抗体である、請求項4に記載のアッセイ。
- 前記第一のバイオマーカーに特異的に結合する物質および前記少なくとも1つの追加の神経活性バイオマーカーに特異的に結合する物質が、両方、基体に結合する、請求項4に記載のアッセイ。
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CN110546513A (zh) * | 2017-04-15 | 2019-12-06 | 雅培实验室 | 使用早期生物标记物帮助超急性诊断和确定人类受试者中的创伤性脑损伤的方法 |
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EP3336551A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
CA2733990A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
AU2009282117A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
CA2733990C (en) | 2018-12-11 |
WO2010019553A2 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
EP3336551B1 (en) | 2023-05-31 |
JP5781436B2 (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
ES2665245T3 (es) | 2018-04-25 |
JP2014199262A (ja) | 2014-10-23 |
DK2324360T3 (en) | 2018-05-14 |
WO2010019553A3 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
JP2012500388A (ja) | 2012-01-05 |
US20180031577A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
AU2009282117B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
US11994522B2 (en) | 2024-05-28 |
EP2324360A2 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
US20110143375A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
EP4235181A3 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
EP4235181A2 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
EP2324360B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
US20210011028A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
EP2324360A4 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
NO2324360T3 (ja) | 2018-06-30 |
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