JP5960708B2 - ポリマー性中空繊維上のメソポーラスシリカ膜 - Google Patents
ポリマー性中空繊維上のメソポーラスシリカ膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5960708B2 JP5960708B2 JP2013536619A JP2013536619A JP5960708B2 JP 5960708 B2 JP5960708 B2 JP 5960708B2 JP 2013536619 A JP2013536619 A JP 2013536619A JP 2013536619 A JP2013536619 A JP 2013536619A JP 5960708 B2 JP5960708 B2 JP 5960708B2
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- mesoporous
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- silica
- gas separation
- hollow fiber
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 194
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 110
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 87
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical group [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000734 polysilsesquioxane polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229920003997 Torlon® Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 239000004963 Torlon Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229920004738 ULTEM® Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 12
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropiophenone Chemical compound CC(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 Matrimid®) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001988 small-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDEMPZLHWXDAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-hexadecylpyrimidin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CN=C1 RDEMPZLHWXDAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWZLBLDNRUUYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methylbenzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QWZLBLDNRUUYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920004747 ULTEM® 1000 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001950 benzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229960000228 cetalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SXPWTBGAZSPLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetalkonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SXPWTBGAZSPLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002798 cetrimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003431 cetrimonium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001793 charged compounds Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002285 methylbenzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0053—Inorganic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/0058—Inorganic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by selective elimination of components, e.g. by leaching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0079—Manufacture of membranes comprising organic and inorganic components
- B01D67/00791—Different components in separate layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/027—Silicium oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/702—Polysilsesquioxanes or combination of silica with bridging organosilane groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0046—Inorganic membrane manufacture by slurry techniques, e.g. die or slip-casting
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Description
(a)ポリマー性膜と同程度の又はそれを超えるガス分離選択性と、ポリマー性膜よりも高いスループット;
(b)高い表面積/体積比(例えば、中空繊維膜モジュール);及び
(c)商業規模の分離プロセスへの容易なスケールアップ性、である。
言い換えると、膜の透過性は、前記膜を横切る単位圧力差当たり、前記膜の単位表面積(cm2)当たり、単位時間当たりに前記膜に透過されたガスの量(cm3(STP)/s)で、測定され得る。前記ガス分離膜の選択性は、より透過性の成分(例えばCO2)の通過の速度と、より透過性でない成分(例えばN2)の透過速度との比で定義される。
POSS(TM)の濃度は、0.1.g/mLから100mg/mLの間である。前記浸潤の際に、POSS(TM)分子が前記メソポア内に毛細管力で浸潤されると、考えられる。
支持体ポリマー性繊維として、ULTEM(TM)−1000中空繊維を使用した。前記ULTEMN(TM)中空繊維は、紡糸糸口を通じて溶液からスピニングされた。前記支持体繊維の直径は270ミクロンであり、前記繊維層厚さは、30ミクロンから60ミクロンの間であった。前記支持体繊維層は、下部構造、移行層及びスキン層(内部層から外部層へ)からなる。前記移行層の厚さは8ミクロンであり、移行層のポアサイズは約100ナノメートルであった。前記スキン層の厚さは約100ナノメートルであり、前記スキン層はサブナノメートル領域のポア欠陥を持っていた。
支持体ポリマー性繊維として、TORLON(TM)4000−LV中空繊維がまた使用された。前記TORLON(TM)中空繊維は溶液を紡糸糸口からスピニングして得られた。前記支持体繊維の直径は220ミクロンであり、前記繊維層の厚さは30ミクロンから60ミクロンの間の範囲であった。前記支持体繊維はスキン層を有さず、外部表面に開口ポアを持っていた(図8)。10psig供給圧で、前記支持体TORLON(TM)中空繊維のCO2及びN2透過性はそれぞれ50000GPU及び54000GPUであった。
CTAB抽出のために、シリカ/CTABでコーティングされた30cm長さのULTEM(TM)中空繊維を、20℃で48時間ゆっくり撹拌された0.05NHCl/エタノールの100ミリリットル中に浸漬させた。抽出プロセス後、前記繊維をエタノールでリンスし乾燥した。テンプレートを抽出した後、前記ULTEM(TM)中空繊維上にコーティングした連続メソポーラスシリカ膜は、断面SEM画像で確認された(図2)。テンプレート抽出後のULTEM(TM)中空繊維のコーティングしたメソポーラスシリカ膜のN2透過性及びCO2透過性を測定して、それぞれ100psigの供給圧で3.2GPUと15GPUとなった。
アミノエチルアミノプロピルイソブチル−POSS(TM)として知られるヘプタイソブチル−(2−アミノエチル(3−アミノプロピル)オクタシルセスキオキサンを、酸性ガス分離のためのメソポア充填材料として使用した。浸潤プロセスの前に、前記テンプレート抽出後の前記TORLON(TM)中空繊維上にコーティングされたメソポーラスシリカ膜を1時間室温で真空乾燥した。前記POSS(TM)浸潤のために、2つの30cm長さのメソポーラス中空繊維を、POSS(TM)10ミリグラム/5ミリリットルのクロロホルム溶液注に浸漬させた。前記繊維浸漬溶液を、0.19気圧から0.12気圧に30分間減圧させて熟成させた。前記浸潤プロセス後、前記繊維をゆっくり撹拌されたエタノールで30分間洗浄し、乾燥した。アミノエチルアミノプロピルイソブチル−POSS(TM)の浸潤後、TORLON(TM)中空繊維上のメソポーラスシリカ膜は、50psig供給圧でガスに対して35℃で、96GPUの安定なCO2透過性及び安定な16GPUのCO2/N2選択性を持つ。前記N2及びCO2透過性は、繰り返し24時間測定で安定であった。従って、POSS浸潤は透過性を安定化させた。
Claims (24)
- ガス分離装置であり、当該ガス分離装置は:
ポリマー性中空繊維を含む多孔性支持体構造;及び
前記多孔性支持体構造上に設けられる無機メソポーラス膜を含み、
前記無機メソポーラス膜のメソポアは、アミノ基含有ポリシルセスキオキサン(POSS(TM))分子で充填され、
前記無機メソポーラス膜が一様でかつ無欠陥であり、及び
前記無機メソポーラス膜が、前記多孔性支持体構造と相互接続する相互接続3次元ポアのネットワークを含み、及び
前記無機メソポーラス膜のガス透過性が、前記ポリマー性中空繊維ガス透過性よりも高い、ガス分離装置。 - 請求項1に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記無機メソポーラス膜が、メソポーラスモービル組成物(MCM)を含む、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項2に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記メソポーラスMCMがシリカ系である、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項3に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記メソポーラスMCMがMCM−48を含む、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項4に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記ポアが、直径1nmから5nmの間の範囲に及ぶ、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項5に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記ポアが、直径2nmから4nmの間の範囲に及ぶ、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項6に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記ポアが直径3nmである、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項1に記載のガス分離装置であり、
前記無機材料が複合メソポーラス材料を含み、
前記複合メソポーラス材料が、メソポーラスMCM、及び4級アミン基、チオール基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基、アミド基及びカルボニル基を含む官能基を持つ分子を含む、ガス分離装置。 - 請求項8に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記4級アミンが、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB)である、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項8に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記メソポーラスMCM及びがMCM−48を含む、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項8に記載のガス分離装置であり、前記メソポーラスMCMが、3次元ポアのネットワークを持つメソポーラス構造を含み、かつ前記4級アミンが前記メソポーラスMCMの前記ポア内に設けられる、ガス分離装置。
- 請求項1に記載の分離装置を製造するための方法であって、 当該方法が:
(a)コーティング溶液を調製するステップであって、前記コーティング溶液がシリカ原料、4級アンモニウム界面活性剤及び酸性水の混合物を含むステップ;
(b)ポリマー性中空繊維を提供するステップ;
(c)前記コーティング溶液中に前記ポリマー性中空繊維の少なくとも一部を浸漬させ、それにより前記ポリマー性中空繊維上に湿ったメソポーラスシリカ膜を形成させるステップ;
(d)前記ポリマー性中空繊維上の湿ったメソポーラスシリカ膜をリンスして乾燥し、それによりポリマー性中空繊維上に乾燥したメソポーラスシリカ膜を形成するステップ;
(e)前記乾燥したメソポーラスシリカ膜を、アルコキシシラン、ヒュームドシリカもしくはコロイダルシリカの蒸気原料に暴露させて熟成させるステップ;
(f)適切な溶媒で処理することにより、メソポーラスコーティングから界面活性剤を抽出するステップ;及び
(g)CO2への選択性を付与するため、前記メソポア内にポリシルセスキオキサン(POSS(TM))分子を浸潤させるステップ、
を含む、方法。 - 請求項12に記載の方法であり、前記4級アンモニウム界面活性剤がセチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB)を含み、さらに前記コーティング溶液が1.0R:aCTAB:bH2Oを含み、ここで、Rはシリカの原料であり、aは0.1から1であり、bは20から200の間である、方法。
- 請求項12に記載の方法であり、前記調製ステップが、前記溶液に酸化学種を加えて、それにより前記調製溶液のpHを実質的に0から4の間にすることを含む、方法。
- 請求項12に記載の方法であり、前記浸漬ステップが、前記ポリマー性中空繊維を、前記コーティング溶液中に、10分から24時間浸漬することを含む、方法。
- 請求項12に記載の方法であり、前記熟成ステップが、前記乾燥メソポーラスシリカ膜を50℃から150℃の間の温度で熟成することを含む、方法。
- 請求項12に記載の方法であり、前記熟成ステップが、前記乾燥メソポーラスシリカ膜を1時間から48時間の期間熟成することを含む、方法。
- 請求項12に記載の方法であり、前記熟成ステップが、前記乾燥メソポーラスシリカ膜を飽和アルコキシシラン蒸気に暴露することを含む、方法。
- 請求項12に記載の方法であり、前記コーティング溶液がさらに、セチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB)を含み、かつ当該方法が:
前記CTABを前記熟成メソポーラスシリカ膜から抽出溶媒で抽出するステップ;及び
実質的に無CTABのメソポーラスシリカ膜をリンスし、乾燥するステップ
をさらに含む、方法。 - 請求項19に記載の方法であり、前記抽出溶媒が水又はアルコール又はその混合物を含む、方法。
- 請求項19に記載の方法であり、前記抽出ステップが、前記熟成メソポーラスシリカ膜を、前記抽出溶媒と、1時間から72時間の間の期間接触させることを含む、方法。
- 請求項19に記載の方法であり、前記抽出ステップが、前記熟成メソポーラスシリカ膜を、前記抽出溶媒と、20℃から100℃の間の温度で接触させることを含む、方法。
- 請求項19に記載の方法であり、前記抽出溶媒のpHが0から7の間である、方法。
- 請求項19に記載の方法であり、前記メソポーラスシリカ膜が、次に、アミン基、チオール基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基、アミド基及びカルボニル基を含む官能基で官能基化される、方法。
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