JP5934219B2 - 脳神経外科手術用デバイス及び関連したシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
脳神経外科手術用デバイス及び関連したシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
従来のカテーテル導入法は、代表的には、例えば血管形成術等の血管の用途で使用されていた。血管の用途では、血管が体内でのカテーテル導入経路を形成する。血管内で移動するため、カテーテルは、代表的には、可撓性でなければならず、血管の湾曲に従って徐々に曲がらなければならない。ターゲットに到達する上で必要とされるように血管枝部を通してナビゲートするため、操向可能カテーテルを使用できる。血管の用途とは異なり、CNS組織のカテーテル導入法は、代表的には、所定の解剖学的経路なしで前進される。その結果、CNS組織のカテーテル導入法を行うための従来のアプローチは、多くの場合、剛性カニューレを通る直線状経路を使用することに限られていた。これは、言語中枢組織及び脳構造を迂回して非直線状経路を介してナビゲートしなければCNSのターゲット部分にアクセスできない場合、不適切である。
本技術の幾つかの実施例に従って形成されたデバイス及びシステムは、迅速に、正確に、安全に、及び低侵襲性で経頭蓋アクセスを行うように形成された、頭蓋骨マウント等のカテーテル導入口を含んでいてもよい。図3乃至図8は、本技術の一実施例に従って形成された頭蓋骨マウント200及びその部分を示す。頭蓋骨マウント200は、ベース202、キャップ204、及び調節自在の導入口206を含む。図3及び図4に示すように、調節自在の導入口206は、球状部分208及び方向部分210を含む。球状部分208は、調節自在の導入口206を特定の位置に係止するため、ベース202とキャップ204との間に捕捉される。球形自在継手と同様に、球状部分208をベース202とキャップ204との間に係止する前に、方向部分210の角度及び半径方向位置を定めるように球状部分の位置を調節できる。方向部分210をこれ以上傾けることができないようにキャップ204がブロックする角度が最大角度である。頭蓋骨マウント200では、最大角度は約30°である。本技術の幾つかの実施例に従って形成された変形例のカテーテル導入口は、調節自在の導入口と固定部分との間の半径方向移動範囲がこれよりも大きくてもよいし、小さくてもよい。
本技術の幾つかの実施例に従って形成されたカテーテルは、CNS内のターゲット領域を治療するための機能的構造を備えていてもよい。例えば、このようなカテーテルの遠位部分は、周囲組織への損傷を最少にして材料を除去するように形成されていてもよい。これは、健康な組織で発生する凝血塊を除去するのに特に有用である。周囲組織は、例えば、凝血塊を激しくちぎり取る又は引っ張ることによって損傷する。除去対象の凝血塊は、カテーテルと比べて比較的大きいことが多い。カテーテルの外部で凝血塊を切り分けるには激しい機械的作用が必要とされ、これは、周囲組織を損傷するおそれがある。凝血塊の表面は、多くの場合、一体性が高く、そのため、無傷の凝血塊表面に吸引作用を加えると、凝血塊を必要なだけ破壊して除去可能な小片にせずに凝血塊を過度に引っ張るおそれがある。このような方法とは異なり、本技術の幾つかの実施例に従って形成されたカテーテルは、例えば、カテーテルの内腔近くの、又はカテーテルの内腔内に突出した対象物の部分を切り離すことによって、対象物の表面を注意深く破壊する。別の態様では、又はこれに加えて、カテーテルは、別の形態の機械的作用(例えば、カテーテル内腔内に又はカテーテルの僅かに外側に加えられた作用)を使用して対象物の表面を破壊するように形成されていてもよい。凝血塊の材料は、例えば、通常は、破壊された表面を通して最少量の吸引力でカテーテルに吸い込まれる。
カテーテル導入口を通してカニューレ又はカテーテルをナビゲートするため、並びに周囲組織を監視するため、X線透視法又は超音波検査を含むデータ収集を使用できる。本技術の幾つかの実施例は、脳及び周囲構造のずれを実時間で斟酌するデータ収集システムを含む。他のデータ収集は、実時間で、又は遅延して行うことができる。本技術の幾つかの実施例で使用されたX線透視法は、CT−X線透視法、フラットパネルCT−X線透視法、及び3D二方向X線透視法を含む当該技術分野で周知の任意の種類のX線透視法を含む。本技術の幾つかの実施例に従って形成されたカテーテルは、撮影を補助するため、送出導管を介して造影剤(例えば血管内造影剤)を送出するように形成されていてもよい。X線透視法又は超音波検査を組み合わせるのが特に有効である。例えば、X線透視法を主にナビゲーションに使用でき、超音波検査(例えばAモード超音波検査)を確認又は小規模撮影に使用できる。超音波検査エレメントがカテーテルのチップに取り付けられた超音波検査システムは、手術中に大規模撮影(例えばX線透視法)を補助するため、縁部を正確に検出できる(例えば脳組織と凝血塊材料との間の界面の縁部を1mm以下の精度で検出できる)。
102 脳組織
103 言語中枢部分
104 カニューレ
106 開口部
108 頭蓋骨
110 経路
112 ターゲット領域
114 栓塞子
116 直線状部分
118 角形成部材
120 カテーテル
Claims (18)
- 脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記カテーテルの遠位端部分に設けられた表面ディスラプタを含み、前記表面ディスラプタは、凝血塊表面を機械的に破壊するように構成されており、
前記表面ディスラプタの近位側に設けられた細長い可撓性の細断器を更に含み、前記細断器は、内腔内で摺動自在かつ回転自在であり、吸引により前記内腔内に近位方向に引き込まれた凝血塊材料を細断するように構成されている、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタは、前記内腔内で折り畳まれた状態にあり、前記内腔の遠位端から延ばされるときに拡張状態に拡張するように構成されている、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタは、前記凝血塊表面に接触するように位置決めされた二つ又はそれ以上の円弧状ワイヤを含む、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタは、回転楕円体又は回転楕円体の一部の形状をなしている、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタは、前記凝血塊表面に接触するように位置決めされた研磨表面を含む、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、更に、
前記細断器の近位側に設けられた細長い可撓性ドライバーを含み、前記ドライバーは、前記内腔内で摺動自在かつ回転自在である、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、更に、
超音波トランスジューサを含む、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項7に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記カテーテルは、前記カテーテルの前記遠位部分のチップに設けられたチップ超音波トランスジューサ、及び前記カテーテルの前記遠位部分の横壁に設けられた二つ又はそれ以上の半径方向超音波トランスジューサを含む、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記内腔内で前記細断器を軸線方向に移動させることによって、前記表面ディスラプタは、前記内腔内で軸線方向に移動される、脳神経外科用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記細断器は、螺旋形状である、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタは、前記凝血塊表面を切り離すことによって前記凝血塊表面を機械的に破壊するように構成されている、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタは、鈍い遠位端を有する、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタは、細断された凝血塊材料を前記内腔を通して近位方向に引く、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項1に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記細断器は、ワイヤ鞭である、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項14に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記ワイヤ鞭は、弾性的に螺旋形状に移動する、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項2に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタの前記拡張状態は、前記表面ディスラプタの弛緩された状態である、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項3に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記表面ディスラプタは、泡立て器形状である、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。 - 請求項6に記載の脳神経外科手術用カテーテルにおいて、
前記カテーテルの径は、前記細断器から前記ドライバーに向かって小さくなる、脳神経外科手術用カテーテル。
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2011
- 2011-09-02 JP JP2013527362A patent/JP5934219B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-09-02 US US13/820,739 patent/US20130158578A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-02 WO PCT/US2011/050443 patent/WO2012031275A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-09-02 EP EP11757491.3A patent/EP2611370A2/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-05-06 JP JP2016092980A patent/JP2016154934A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
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US20130158578A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
EP2611370A2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
JP2016154934A (ja) | 2016-09-01 |
WO2012031275A3 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
JP2013536740A (ja) | 2013-09-26 |
WO2012031275A2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
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