JP5920975B2 - 顔料分散用樹脂 - Google Patents
顔料分散用樹脂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5920975B2 JP5920975B2 JP2012095001A JP2012095001A JP5920975B2 JP 5920975 B2 JP5920975 B2 JP 5920975B2 JP 2012095001 A JP2012095001 A JP 2012095001A JP 2012095001 A JP2012095001 A JP 2012095001A JP 5920975 B2 JP5920975 B2 JP 5920975B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- meth
- group
- polymerizable unsaturated
- acrylate
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims description 147
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 113
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 113
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 94
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 273
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 144
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 183
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 124
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 46
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 30
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 30
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 29
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 25
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
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- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
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- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butanol Substances CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbodiimide group Chemical group N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN=C=O RBQRWNWVPQDTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
また、特許文献2、特許文献3及び特許文献4には、顔料分散用樹脂として、カルボキシル基含有マクロモノマーを共重合して得られるグラフト共重合体が開示されている。
さらに、特許文献5、特許文献6及び特許文献7には、ポリオキシアルキレン鎖をもつノニオン系の界面活性剤を顔料分散剤として使用することが開示されている。
また、特許文献8及び特許文献9には、イオン性官能基を含有する重合性不飽和モノマー及びポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有する非イオン性重合性不飽和モノマーを共重合成分とする共重合体である顔料分散用樹脂が開示されている。
項1.
(a)一般式(1)で示されるカチオン性官能基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー、及び(b)その他の重合性不飽和モノマーの共重合体であることを特徴とする顔料分散用樹脂。
一般式(1)
一般式(2)
一般式(3)
一般式(4)
項2.
その他の重合性不飽和モノマー(b)が下記一般式(5)で示される(b1)ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有する重合性不飽和モノマーを含有する上記項1に記載の顔料分散用樹脂。
項3.
その他の重合性不飽和モノマー(b)が(b2)ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有さない水酸基含有重合性不飽和モノマーを含有する上記項1または2に記載の顔料分散用樹脂。
項4.
一般式(1)で示されるカチオン性官能基を含有する重合性不飽和モノマー(a)のXが、上記一般式(2)においてpが1または2である上記項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の顔料分散用樹脂。
項5.
共重合体が500〜100,000の範囲内の重量平均分子量を有する上記項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の顔料分散用樹脂。
項6.
上記項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の顔料分散用樹脂、顔料及び水性媒体を含有する水性顔料分散体。
項7.
上記項6に記載の水性顔料分散体を含有する水性塗料組成物。
項8.
上記項7に記載の水性塗料組成物を用いて塗装された物品。
顔料分散用樹脂
本発明により提供される顔料分散用樹脂は、以下に述べる一般式(1)で示されるカチオン性官能基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー(a)、及びその他の重合性不飽和モノマー(b)の共重合体である。
一般式(1)で示されるカチオン性官能基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー(a)(「モノマー(a)」と略記することがある)は、本発明の顔料分散用樹脂に比較的長鎖の2級または3級アミノ基を導入するためのモノマー成分である。
一般式(1)
一般式(2)
一般式(3)
一般式(4)
一般式(1)中のXは主鎖が炭素数6以上の直鎖状でも分岐状でもよいアルキレン基、または上記一般式(2)〜(4)で示される基を表す。Xが炭素数6以上の直鎖でも分岐状でも良いアルキル基である場合のうち、発色性、漆黒性、鮮映性などの塗膜の仕上がり外観に優れた水性塗料組成物を得る観点から直鎖のヘキシレン基、ヘプチレン基及びオクチレン基であることが好ましい。
Xが主鎖が炭素数6以上であって直鎖状でも分岐状でもよいアルキレン基であるモノマー(a)の調製
Xが主鎖が炭素数6以上であって直鎖状でも分岐状でもよいアルキレン基であるモノマー(a)(「モノマー(a−1)」と呼ぶことがある)は、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物と、末端に1級水酸基を有しかつアルキル鎖をもつアミン化合物とを反応させることによって得ることができる。
上記(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物と末端に1級水酸基を有しかつアルキル鎖をもつアミン化合物との反応は、それ自体既知の方法で行なうことができ、例えばエステル交換反応させることによって製造することができる。このときの(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物及び末端に1級水酸基を有しかつアルキル鎖をもつアミン化合物の使用量は、該アミン化合物中の水酸基1当量に対して、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物が好ましくは0.1〜10当量、さらに好ましくは0.5〜8当量、特に好ましくは1〜5当量となるように調整する。(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物の使用量が0.1当量未満ではカチオン性官能基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー(a)の収率が低く、一方10当量を超えると、未反応の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物が残存し、得られる重合体溶液、顔料分散用樹脂、水性顔料分散体及び水性塗料組成物の保存安定性が低下することがある。
Xが一般式(2)で示される基であるモノマー(a)(「モノマー(a−2)」と呼ぶことがある)は、(メタ)アクリロイル基及びイソシアネート基を有する化合物(以下、「不飽和イソシアネート化合物」と略記することがある)と、末端に1級水酸基を持つアミン化合物とを反応させることによって得ることができる。
アクリル酸2−(2−イソシアナトエトキシ)エチル、
アクリル酸2−[2−(2−イソシアナトエトキシ)エトキシ]エチル、
アクリル酸2−{2−[2−(2−イソシアナトエトキシ)エトキシ]エトキシ}エチル、
アクリル酸2−(2−イソシアナトプロポキシ)エチル、
アクリル酸2−[2−(2−イソシアナトプロポキシ)プロポキシ]エチル等のアクリル酸誘導体;
2−メタクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネート、3−メタクリロイルオキシプロピルイソシアネート、4−メタクリロイルオキシブチルイソシアネート、6−メタクリロイルオキシヘキシルイソシアネート、8−メタクリロイルオキシオクチルイソシアネート、10−メタクリロイルオキシデシルイソシアネート、
メタクリル酸2−(2−イソシアナトトエトキシ)エチル、
メタクリル酸2−[2−(2−イソシアナトエトキシ)エトキシ]エチル、
メタクリル酸2−{2−[2−(2−イソシアナトエトキシ)エトキシ]エトキシ}エチル、
メタクリル酸2−(2−イソシアナトプロポキシ)エチル、
メタクリル酸2−[2−(2−イソシアナトプロポキシ)プロポキシ]エチル等のメタクリル酸誘導体を挙げることができ、これらは単独でまたは2種以上を混合して使用することができる。
Xが一般式(3)で示される基であるモノマー(a)(「モノマー(a−3)」と呼ぶことがある)は、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物と、末端に1級水酸基を有しかつエチレンオキサイド鎖を持つアミン化合物とを反応させることによって得ることができる。
Xが一般式(4)で示される基であるモノマー(a)(「モノマー(a−4)」と呼ぶことがある)は、例えばヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソホロンジイソシアネート及び末端に1級水酸基を有するアミン化合物を反応させることによって得ることができる。
N,N−ジメチルアミノメタノール、N,N−ジメチルアミノエタノール、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロパノール(3−ジメチルアミノ−1−プロパノール、1−ジメチルアミノ−2−プロパノール)、N,N−ジメチルアミノブタノール(4−ジメチルアミノ−1−ブタノール、2−ジメチルアミノ−イソブチルアルコール等)、N,N−ジメチルアミノペンタノール(5−ジメチルアミノ−1−ペンタノール、4−ジメチルアミノ−2−メチル−1−ブタノール等)、N,N−ジメチルアミノヘキサノール(6−ジメチルアミノ−1−ヘキサノール、5−ジメチルアミノ−3−メチル−1−ペンタノール、4−ジメチルアミノ−2,2−ジメチル−1−ブタノール等)、N,N−ジメチルアミノヘプタノール(7−ジメチルアミノ−1−ヘプタノール、5−ジメチルアミノ−3,3−ジメチル−1−ペンタノール等)、N,N−ジメチルアミノオクタノール(8−ジメチルアミノ−1−オクタノール、6−ジメチルアミノ−2−エチル−1−ヘキサノール等)等を用いることができる。
その他の重合性不飽和モノマー(b)には、前記モノマー(a)と共重合可能な、モノマー(a)以外の重合性不飽和モノマーが包含される。
上記ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有する重合性不飽和モノマー(b1)は、形成される共重合体に親水性を付与するためのモノマー成分であり、1分子中にポリオキシアルキレン鎖と重合性不飽和基を含有するモノマーである。
で示される化合物を挙げることができる。
ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有さない水酸基含有重合性不飽和モノマー(b2)は、1分子中に少なくとも1個の水酸基を含有する重合性不飽和モノマーであって、且つポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有する重合性不飽和モノマー(b1)以外の重合性不飽和モノマーである。
本発明の顔料分散用樹脂において使用される共重合体は、以上に述べた一般式(1)で示されるカチオン性官能基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー(a)、及びその他の重合性不飽和モノマー(b)を共重合することによって得られる。共重合に際してのモノマー(a)及び(b)の使用割合は厳密に制限されるものではなく、形成される共重合体に望まれる物性などに応じて変えることができる。
水性顔料分散体
本発明の水性顔料分散体は、以上に述べた顔料分散用樹脂に、顔料、水性媒体、分散助剤、塩基性中和剤、その他の添加剤などを配合することにより調製することができる。また、本願発明の顔料分散樹脂以外のその他の顔料分散樹脂を配合してもよい。
水性塗料組成物
上記の如くして調整される水性顔料分散体は、被膜形成性樹脂、及び必要に応じて硬化剤、水性媒体、疎水性媒体、硬化触媒、塩基性中和剤、紫外線吸収剤、紫外線安定剤、塗面調整剤、酸化防止剤、流動性調整剤、シランカップリング剤等の塗料添加剤を配合し、水性媒体中に安定に分散せしめることによって水性塗料組成物とすることができる。
被膜形成性樹脂としては、従来から水性塗料のバインダー成分として使用されているそれ自体既知の水溶性又は水分散性の被膜形成性樹脂を使用することができる。樹脂の種類としては、例えば、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂等が挙げられ、これらは単独でもしくは2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。被膜形成性樹脂は、水酸基、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基等の官能基を有していることが好ましく、水酸基含有樹脂であることが特に好ましい。
水酸基含有アクリル樹脂としては、例えば、水酸基含有重合性不飽和モノマー及び該水酸基含有重合性不飽和モノマーと共重合可能なその他の重合性不飽和モノマーを、それ自体既知の方法、例えば、有機溶媒中での溶液重合法、水中でのエマルション重合法などの方法により、共重合せしめることによって製造することができる。
上記カルボキシル基含有重合性不飽和モノマーの具体例は、前記コア部共重合体(I)用モノマーとして例示したものと同じである。カルボキシル基含有重合性不飽和モノマーとしては、特に、アクリル酸及び/又はメタクリル酸を用いることが好ましい。その他の重合性不飽和モノマーとして、上記カルボキシル基含有重合性不飽和モノマーを含むことにより、得られるコア・シェル型水分散性水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の水性媒体中における安定性を確保できる。
かくして得られるコア・シェル型水分散性水酸基含有アクリル樹脂は、重合性不飽和基を1分子中に2個以上有する重合性不飽和モノマー及び重合性不飽和基を1分子中に1個有する重合性不飽和モノマーからなるモノマー混合物の共重合体(I)をコア部とし、水酸基含有重合性不飽和モノマー、疎水性重合性不飽和モノマー及びその他の重合性不飽和モノマーからなるモノマー混合物の共重合体(II)をシェル部とする複層構造を有する。
本明細書において、コア・シェル型水分散性水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の平均粒子径は、サブミクロン粒度分布測定装置を用いて、常法により脱イオン水で希釈してから20℃で測定した値である。サブミクロン粒度分布測定装置としては、例えば、「COULTER N4型」(商品名、ベックマン・コールター社製)を用いることができる。
本発明の水性塗料組成物において、被膜形成性樹脂として、水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂を使用することによって、得られる塗膜の平滑性等の塗膜性能を向上させることができる。
前記必要に応じて使用される硬化剤は、被膜形成性樹脂中の水酸基、カルボキシル基、エポキシ基等の官能基と反応して、本発明の水性塗料組成物を硬化し得る化合物である。硬化剤としては、例えば、アミノ樹脂、ポリイソシアネート化合物、ブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物、エポキシ基含有化合物、カルボキシル基含有化合物、カルボジイミド基含有化合物などが挙げられる。これらのうち、水酸基と反応し得るアミノ樹脂及びブロック化ポリイソシアネート化合物、カルボキシル基と反応し得るカルボジイミド基含有化合物が好ましく、アミノ樹脂が特に好ましい。硬化剤は、単独でもしくは2種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。
また、上記メチロール化アミノ樹脂のメチロール基を、適当なアルコールによって、部分的に又は完全にエーテル化したものも使用することができる。エーテル化に用いられるアルコールとしては、例えば、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n−プロピルアルコール、i−プロピルアルコール、n−ブチルアルコール、i−ブチルアルコール、2−エチルブタノール、2−エチルヘキサノール等が挙げられる。
好適に使用することができる。
顔料分散用樹脂:
モノマー成分(a)の合成
製造例1
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器、空気導入管及び滴下装置を備えた4つ口反応容器に、2−メタクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネート77.6部、p−メトキシフェノール0.07部を加えた。次いで、反応容器中に乾燥空気を通気し、攪拌しながら30℃以下に保ちながら、N,N−ジメチルアミノエトキシエタノール66.6部を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、30℃で2時間攪拌して熟成を行なうことにより、有効成分100%の重合性不飽和モノマー(a1)を得た。該モノマーは、一般式(1)においてXは一般式(2)であり、Yはメチレン基、p=1であるモノマーである。
製造例2
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器、空気導入管及び滴下装置を備えた4つ口反応容器に、2−メタクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネート77.6部、p−メトキシフェノール0.08部を加えた。次いで、反応容器中に乾燥空気を通気し、攪拌しながら30℃以下に保ちながら、N,N−ジメチルアミノエトキシエトキシエタノール88.6部を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、30℃で2時間攪拌して熟成を行なうことにより、有効成分100%の重合性不飽和モノマー(a2)を得た。該モノマーは、一般式(1)においてXは一般式(2)であり、Yはメチレン基、p=2であるモノマーである。
製造例3
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器、空気導入管及び滴下装置を備えた4つ口反応容器に、2−メタクリロイルオキシエトキシエチルイソシアネート59.6部、p−メトキシフェノール0.05部を加えた。次いで、反応容器中に乾燥空気を通気し、攪拌しながら30℃以下に保ちながら、N,N−ジメチルアミノエタノール44.5部を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、30℃で2時間攪拌して熟成を行なうことにより、有効成分100%の重合性不飽和モノマー(a3)を得た。該モノマーは、一般式(1)においてXは一般式(2)であり、Yは繰返し単位1のオキシエチレン基であり、p=0であるモノマーである。
製造例4
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器、空気導入管及び滴下装置を備えた4つ口反応容器に、2−メタクリロイルオキシエトキシエチルイソシアネート59.6部、p−メトキシフェノール0.05部を加えた。次いで、反応容器中に乾燥空気を通気し、攪拌しながら30℃以下に保ちながら、N,N−ジメチルアミノエトキシエタノール88.6部を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、30℃で2時間攪拌して熟成を行なうことにより、有効成分100%の重合性不飽和モノマー(a4)を得た。該モノマーは、一般式(1)においてXは一般式(2)であり、Yは繰返し単位1のオキシエチレン基であり、p=1であるモノマーである。
製造例5
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置及び空気導入管を備えた4つ口反応容器に、メタクリル酸メチル252部、N,N−ジメチルアミノエトキシエタノール146.5部およびフェノチアジン3.30部を加え、混合物を攪拌しながら、95度で1時間反応させた。次いで、反応混合物を90℃に冷却し、ジ−n−ブチル錫酸化物1.73部を添加し、90〜115℃で6時間反応させた。その間、共沸物を除去しながら反応を行った。反応後、反応器を徐々に減圧して有効成分100%の重合性不飽和モノマー(a5)を得た。該モノマーは、一般式(1)においてXは一般式(3)であり、q=0のモノマーである。
製造例6
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器、空気導入管及び滴下装置を備えた4つ口反応容器に、メタクリル酸メチル252部、N,N−ジメチルアミノエトキシエトキシエタノール195.0部およびフェノチアジン4.39部を加え、混合物を攪拌しながら、95度で1時間反応させた。次いで、反応混合物を90℃に冷却し、ジ−n−ブチル錫酸化物1.73部を添加し、90〜115℃で6時間反応させた。その間、共沸物を除去しながら反応を行った。反応後、反応器を徐々に減圧して有効成分100%の重合性不飽和モノマー(a6)を得た。該モノマーは、一般式(1)においてXは一般式(3)であり、q=1のモノマーである。
製造例7
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器、空気導入管、乾燥管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート111.2部及びp−メトキシフェノール0.11部を加え、乾燥空気を毎分20mLで導入しながら、60℃に昇温した。次いで、60℃を維持しつつ、攪拌と乾燥空気の導入とを行いながら、イソホロンジイソシアネート71.6部を1時間かけて滴下し、滴下終了後、60℃で2時間攪拌して熟成を行なった。次いで、80℃に昇温し、同温度でさらに1時間攪拌して熟成を行った。次いで、室温まで降温し、30℃以下を維持しつつ、攪拌しながら、N,N−ジメチルアミノエトキシエタノール44.5部を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、室温で2時間攪拌して熟成を行うことにより、有効成分100%の重合性不飽和モノマー(a7)を得た。なお該モノマーは、一般式(1)においてXは一般式(4)であり、Z=繰り返し単位1のオキシエチレン基のモノマーである。
製造例8
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器、空気導入管及び滴下装置を備えた4つ口反応容器に、2−メタクリロイルオキシエチルイソシアネート77.6部、p−メトキシフェノール0.06部を加えた。次いで、反応容器中に乾燥空気を通気し、攪拌しながら30℃以下に保ちながら、N,N−ジメチルアミノエタノール44.5部を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、30℃で2時間攪拌して熟成を行なうことにより、有効成分100%の重合性不飽和モノマー(a8)を得た。該モノマーは、一般式(1)においてXは一般式(2)であり、Yはメチレン基であり、p=0のモノマーである。
実施例1
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌器、還流冷却器及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル15部及びプロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル25部を仕込み、加熱撹拌して110℃に保持した。この中に、製造例1で得られたモノマー(a1)18.4部、「NFバイソマーS20W」(商品名、デグサ社製、前記一般式(5)におけるR3がメチル基、R4がメチル基、R5がエチレン基、mが45であり、分子量が約2,000であるメトキシポリエチレングリコールモノメタクリレートの50%水希釈品。)20部、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート10部、メチルメタクリレート25.8部、n−ブチルアクリレート25.8部、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル1部及びプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル20部からなる混合物を3時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、110℃で30分間熟成し、次にプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル15部及びアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.5部からなる追加触媒混合液を1時間かけて滴下した。さらに110℃で1時間熟成したのち冷却し、固形分50%の顔料分散用樹脂(A1)を得た。
実施例2〜14、比較例1〜3
上記実施例1において、成分組成及び配合割合を下記表1に示すようにする以外は実施例1と同様にして、顔料分散用樹脂(A2)〜(A14)及び(AC1)〜(AC3)を得た。得られた顔料分散用樹脂の固形分、アミン価、水酸基価及び重量平均分子量を下記表1に示す。なお、下記表1における各重合性不飽和モノマーの量は固形分量である。
(注2)ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート
(注3)ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリレート
水性顔料分散体:
水性顔料分散体の製造
実施例15
攪拌混合容器に、実施例1で得た顔料分散用樹脂(A1)200部(固形分100部)、「Raven5000UIII」(商品名、コロンビアンカーボン社製、カーボンブラック顔料)60部及び脱イオン水750部を入れ、均一に混合した。次いで、得られた混合液を容量225ccの広口ガラス瓶中に入れ、分散メジアとして直径約0.5mmφのジルコニアビーズを加えて密閉し、ペイントシェーカーにて5時間分散して水性顔料分散体(B1)を得た。
実施例15において、配合組成を下記表2に示す通りとする以外は、実施例15と同様にして、水性顔料分散体(B2)〜(B20)および(BC1)〜(BC5)を得た。
(注4)シアニンブルー5206: 大日精化工業社製、商品名、有機系青顔料
(注5)S#12000: アビシア社製、湿潤分散剤、商品名「Solsperse12000」
(注6)RT355D: BASF社製、有機系赤顔料、商品名「シンカシャマゼンタRT355D」
性能試験
上記実施例15〜34及び比較例4〜8で得られた各水性顔料分散体について、下記の試験方法に基づいて性能試験を行った。試験結果を表2に示す。
鮮映性(光沢):顔料分散体を透明なPETフィルム上に硬化膜厚25μmとなるよう塗布し140℃で30分間焼付けることによって得た塗膜の光沢をJIS K5400 7.6(1990)に準じて、各塗膜の60度鏡面反射率を測定した。値が大きいほど光沢が高く鮮映性に優れることを示す。
値が低いほど発色性が良好であることを示す。
被膜形成性樹脂の合成
水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の合成
製造例9
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌装置、還流冷却器、窒素導入管及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器に脱イオン水128部、「アデカリアソープSR−1025」(商品名、ADEKA製、乳化剤、有効成分25%)2部を仕込み、窒素気流中で撹拌混合し、80℃に昇温させた。
製造例10
温度計、サーモスタット、攪拌装置、還流冷却器及び水分離器を備えた反応容器に、トリメチロールプロパン109部、1,6−ヘキサンジオール141部、1,2−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物126部及びアジピン酸120部を仕込み、160℃から230℃迄3時間かけて昇温させた後、230℃で4時間縮合反応させた。次いで、得られた縮合反応生成物に、カルボキシル基を導入するために、無水トリメリット酸38.3部を加えて、170℃で30分間反応させた後、2−エチル−1−ヘキサノール(20℃において100gの水に溶解する質量:0.1g)で希釈し、固形分70%、酸価が46mgKOH/g、水酸基価が150mgKOH/g、数平均分子量が1,400の水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂溶液(D1)を得た。
実施例35
撹拌混合容器に、実施例15で得た水性顔料分散体(B1)84.2部、製造例9で得た水酸基含有アクリル樹脂(C1)168部、製造例10で得た水酸基含有ポリエステル樹脂(D1)26.2部、メラミン樹脂(E1)(メチル−ブチル混合エーテル化メラミン樹脂、固形分60%、重量平均分子量2,000)41.7部、を入れ、均一に混合し、更に、「プライマルASE−60」(商品名、ロームアンドハース社製、ポリアクリル酸系増粘剤)、2−(ジメチルアミノ)エタノール及び脱イオン水を加えてpH8.0、固形分24%、20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度50秒の水性塗料組成物(X1)を得た。
実施例35において、配合組成を下記表3に示す通りとする以外は、実施例35と同様にして、pH8.0、固形分25%、20℃におけるフォードカップNo.4による粘度50秒である水性塗料組成物(X2)〜(X20)及び(XC1)〜(XC5)を得た。
各水性塗料をそれぞれ透明なPETフィルム上に硬化膜厚25μmとなるよう塗布し、室温で10分間静置し、その後80℃で15分間プレヒートし、次いで140℃で30分間焼付けることによって試験塗膜を得た。
上記各試験板について顔料分散体の試験方法と同様にして、鮮映性及び発色性の評価を行なった。評価結果を下記表3に示す。
Claims (8)
- (a)一般式(1)で示されるカチオン性官能基を有する重合性不飽和モノマー、及び(b)その他の重合性不飽和モノマーの共重合体であることを特徴とする顔料分散用樹脂。
一般式(1)
一般式(2)
一般式(3)
一般式(4)
- その他の重合性不飽和モノマー(b)が(b2)ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有さない水酸基含有重合性不飽和モノマーを含有する請求項1または2に記載の顔料分散用樹脂。
- 一般式(1)で示されるカチオン性官能基を含有する重合性不飽和モノマー(a)のXが、上記一般式(2)においてpが1または2である請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の顔料分散用樹脂。
- 共重合体が500〜100,000の範囲内の重量平均分子量を有する請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の顔料分散用樹脂。
- 請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の顔料分散用樹脂、顔料及び水性媒体を含有する水性顔料分散体。
- 請求項6に記載の水性顔料分散体を含有する水性塗料組成物。
- 請求項7に記載の水性塗料組成物を用いて塗装された物品。
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