JP5867399B2 - 二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5867399B2 JP5867399B2 JP2012531838A JP2012531838A JP5867399B2 JP 5867399 B2 JP5867399 B2 JP 5867399B2 JP 2012531838 A JP2012531838 A JP 2012531838A JP 2012531838 A JP2012531838 A JP 2012531838A JP 5867399 B2 JP5867399 B2 JP 5867399B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- substituted
- secondary battery
- negative electrode
- metal
- Prior art date
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 61
- -1 sulfide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005003 perfluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005004 perfluoroethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005062 perfluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005009 perfluoropropyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005196 alkyl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005199 aryl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005135 aryl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQADWIOXOXRPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dithiane Chemical compound C1CSCSC1 WQADWIOXOXRPLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004691 alkyl thio carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000530 1-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000069 2-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KVCQTKNUUQOELD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-[1-(3-chloro-2-fluoroanilino)-6-methylisoquinolin-5-yl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxamide Chemical compound N=1C=CC2=C(NC(=O)C=3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4SC=3)C(C)=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1F KVCQTKNUUQOELD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011439 LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.15O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- JWMLCCRPDOIBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(methylsulfanyl)methane Chemical compound CSCCl JWMLCCRPDOIBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006606 n-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004708 n-butylthio group Chemical group C(CCC)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003506 n-propoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004706 n-propylthio group Chemical group C(CC)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005029 naphthylthio group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(O)=O FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
負極は、負極活物質が負極用結着剤によって負極集電体に結着されてなる。
正極は、例えば、正極活物質が正極用結着剤によって正極集電体を覆うように結着されてなる。
本実施形態で用いる電解液は、スルフィド化合物を含む。本実施形態において、スルフィド化合物とはスルフィド結合を有する化合物であり、モノスルフィド、ジスルフィド、トリスルフィドを含む化合物である。つまり、スルフィド化合物としては、C−S−C構造からなるスルフィド結合を有する化合物や、C−S−S−C構造からなるジスルフィド結合を有する有機化合物が挙げられる。
R1−S−S−R2 (2)
[R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基、置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、置換若しくは無置換の複素環基、置換若しくは無置換のアルケニル基、又は置換若しくは無置換のアルキニル基を表す。]
[R3およびR4は、それぞれ独立に、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換された総炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、又は、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換された総炭素数6〜10のアリール基を表す。]
セパレータとしては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の多孔質フィルムや不織布を用いることができる。また、セパレータとしては、それらを積層したものを用いることもできる。
外装体としては、電解液に安定で、かつ十分な水蒸気バリア性を持つものであれば、適宜選択することができる。例えば、積層ラミネート型の二次電池の場合、外装体としては、アルミニウム、シリカをコーティングしたポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。特に、体積膨張を抑制する観点から、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムを用いることが好ましい。
金属(a)としての平均粒子径5μmのシリコンと、金属酸化物(b)としての平均粒子径13μmの非晶質酸化シリコン(SiOx、0<x≦2)と、炭素材料(c)としての平均粒子径30μmの黒鉛と、を、29:61:10の質量比で計量した。そして、これら材料をいわゆるメカニカルミリングで24時間混合して、負極活物質を得た。なお、この負極活物質において、金属(a)であるシリコンは、金属酸化物(b)である酸化シリコン(SiOx、0<x≦2)中に分散している。
(20℃サイクル)
作製した二次電池に対し、20℃に保った恒温槽中で、2.5Vから4.1Vの電圧範囲で充放電を繰り返す試験を行い、維持率(%)及び膨れ(%)について評価した。結果を表1に示す。表1において、「維持率(%)」は、(150サイクル目の放電容量)/(1サイクル目の放電容量)(単位:%)を表す。また、「膨れ(体積増加)(%)」は、{(150サイクル目の体積容量)/(1サイクル目の体積容量)−1}×100(%)(単位:%)を表す。
作製した二次電池に対し、60℃に保った恒温槽中で、2.5Vから4.1Vの電圧範囲で充放電を繰り返す試験を行い、維持率(%)及び膨れ(%)について評価した。結果を表1に示す。表1において、「維持率(%)」は、(50サイクル目の放電容量)/(1サイクル目の放電容量)(単位:%)を表す。また、「膨れ(体積増加)(%)」は、{(50サイクル目の体積容量)/(1サイクル目の体積容量)−1}×100(%)(単位:%)を表す。
作製した二次電池に対し、3Cレート特性について評価した。評価は以下のように行った。まず、満充電まで充電した電池を1Cレート(60分放電)で2.5Vまで放電させ、放電容量を評価した。次に、再び満充電まで充電した後、3Cレート(1Cレートの3倍の電流値;20分放電)で2.5Vまで放電させ、放電容量を評価した。そして、得られた3C放電容量と1C放電容量より維持率(%)を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
シリコンと酸化シリコンと黒鉛との質量比、負極結着剤の種類及びその含有量、並びにスルフィド化合物の種類及びその含有量を表1乃至6に示したものとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表1乃至6に示す。なお、表において、PIはポリイミド、PAIはポリイミドアミド、PVdFはポリフッ化ビニリデンを示す。
特許文献3に記載された方法に準じて、シリコンと非晶質酸化シリコン(SiOx、0<x≦2)とカーボンとを29:61:10の質量比で含む負極活物質を得た。なお、この負極活物質において、金属(a)であるシリコンは、金属酸化物(b)である非晶質酸化シリコン中に分散している。そして、この負極活物質を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。結果を表6に示す。
実施例115に記載の負極活物質を用いたこと以外は、実施例28と同様に実施した。結果を表6に示す。
実施例115に記載の負極活物質を用いたこと以外は、実施例58と同様に実施した。結果を表6に示す。
実施例115に記載の負極活物質を用いたこと以外は、実施例60と同様に実施した。結果を表6に示す。
シリコンと酸化シリコンと黒鉛との質量比、負極結着剤の種類及びその含有量を表7に示した値とし、スルフィド化合物は用いなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表7に示す。
スルフィド化合物の代わりに表8に記載のエーテル化合物を用い、かつ負極結着剤の種類を表8に記載のものを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、評価した。結果を表8に示す。なお、表8において、エーテル化合物の含有量は、エーテル化合物とカーボネート系非水電界液との総量に対するエーテル化合物の含有量(質量%)を示す。
b セパレータ
c 正極
d 負極集電体
e 正極集電体
f 正極端子
g 負極端子
Claims (18)
- 正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子と、電解液と、前記電極素子および前記電解液を内包する外装体と、を有する二次電池であって、
前記負極は、リチウムと合金可能な金属(a)及びリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む負極活物質が負極用結着剤によって負極集電体と結着されてなり、
前記電解液がスルフィド化合物を含み、
前記スルフィド化合物は、下記一般式(1)で表わされる化合物であることを特徴とする二次電池。
R 1 −S−R 2 (1)
[R 1 およびR 2 は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基、置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、置換若しくは無置換の複素環基、置換若しくは無置換のアルケニル基、又は置換若しくは無置換のアルキニル基を表す。] - 一般式(1)中のR 1 およびR 2 は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換の総炭素数1〜12のアルキル基、置換若しくは無置換の総炭素数6〜12のアリール基、置換若しくは無置換の総炭素数4〜12の複素環基、置換若しくは無置換の総炭素数2〜12のアルケニル基、又は置換若しくは無置換の総炭素数2〜12のアルキニル基である、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子と、電解液と、前記電極素子および前記電解液を内包する外装体と、を有する二次電池であって、
前記負極は、リチウムと合金可能な金属(a)及びリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む負極活物質が負極用結着剤によって負極集電体と結着されてなり、
前記電解液がスルフィド化合物を含み、
前記スルフィド化合物は、フッ素原子を含有することを特徴とする二次電池。 - 前記スルフィド化合物は、下記一般式(1)又は(2)で表わされる化合物がフッ素原子を含有する化合物である、請求項3に記載の二次電池。
R 1 −S−R 2 (1)
R 1 −S−S−R 2 (2)
[R 1 およびR 2 は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基、置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、置換若しくは無置換の複素環基、置換若しくは無置換のアルケニル基、又は置換若しくは無置換のアルキニル基を表す。] - 前記スルフィド化合物は、下記一般式(1)で表わされる化合物がフッ素原子を含有する化合物である、請求項3に記載の二次電池。
R 1 −S−R 2 (1)
[R 1 およびR 2 は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基、置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、置換若しくは無置換の複素環基、置換若しくは無置換のアルケニル基、又は置換若しくは無置換のアルキニル基を表す。] - 一般式(1)中のR 1 及びR 2 は、少なくとも一方が、それぞれ独立に、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換された総炭素数1〜6のアルキル基、又は、少なくとも1つのフッ素原子で置換された総炭素数6〜10のアリール基を表す、請求項5に記載の二次電池。
- 一般式(1)中のR 1 又はR 2 は、トリフルオロメチル基、パーフルオロエチル基、パーフルオロプロピル基、パーフルオロブチル基、又はパーフルオロフェニル基である、請求項5に記載の二次電池。
- 前記スルフィド化合物の含有量が前記スルフィド化合物と前記電解液中に含まれる非水電解液との総量に対して0.1〜30質量%である請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、さらに、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る炭素材料(c)を含む請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は少なくとも前記金属酸化物(b)を含む請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記金属酸化物(b)の全部又は一部がアモルファス構造を有する請求項10に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は少なくとも前記金属(a)を含む請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記金属(a)がシリコンである請求項12に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、前記金属(a)及び前記金属酸化物(b)を含み、
前記金属酸化物(b)が前記金属(a)を構成する金属の酸化物である請求項1乃至13のいずれかに記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質は、前記金属(a)及び前記金属酸化物(b)を含み、
前記金属(a)の全部又は一部が前記金属酸化物(b)中に分散している請求項1乃至14のいずれかに記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極用結着剤がポリイミド又はポリアミドイミドである請求項1乃至15のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記電極素子が平面的な積層構造を有する請求項1乃至16のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記外装体がアルミニウムラミネートフィルムである請求項1乃至17のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
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