JP5857043B2 - Prpk−tprkbモジュレーター及びその使用 - Google Patents
Prpk−tprkbモジュレーター及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5857043B2 JP5857043B2 JP2013515555A JP2013515555A JP5857043B2 JP 5857043 B2 JP5857043 B2 JP 5857043B2 JP 2013515555 A JP2013515555 A JP 2013515555A JP 2013515555 A JP2013515555 A JP 2013515555A JP 5857043 B2 JP5857043 B2 JP 5857043B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- prpk
- tprkb
- complex
- agent
- lage3
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Description
アミノ酸:本明細書で用いる用語「アミノ酸」とは、広義において、ポリペプチド鎖に取り込むことができる如何なる化合物及び/又は物質をも意味する。幾つかの実施形態においては、アミノ酸は一般式H2N−C(H)(R)−COOHを有する。幾つかの実施形態においては、アミノ酸は天然のアミノ酸である。幾つかの実施形態においては、アミノ酸は合成アミノ酸又は非天然アミノ酸であり、幾つかの実施形態においては、アミノ酸はD−アミノ酸(例えば、α,α−二置換アミノ酸やN−アルキルアミノ酸、乳酸)であり、幾つかの実施形態においては、アミノ酸はL−アミノ酸である。「標準的なアミノ酸」とは、天然のペプチドに通常存在する20種類の標準的なL−アミノ酸のいずれかを意味する。「標準的でない又は通常でないアミノ酸」とは、合成によって調製したか天然源から得たかに関わらず、標準的なアミノ酸以外の如何なるアミノ酸をも意味する。本明細書で用いる「合成アミノ酸又は非天然アミノ酸」は化学的に改変されたアミノ酸を包含し、その例としては、塩、アミノ酸誘導体(例えば、アミド)及び/又は置換体が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。アミノ酸(例えば、ペプチド内のカルボキシ末端及び/又はアミノ末端アミノ酸)の改変は、メチル化、アミド化、アセチル化、及び/又はペプチドの活性に悪影響を及ぼさずにその循環半減期を変化させることができる他の化学基による置換によって行うことができる。通常でない又は非天然アミノ酸の例としては、シトルリンやオルニチン、ノルバリン、4−(E)−ブテニル−4(R)−メチル−N−メチルスレオニン(MeBmt)、N−メチル−ロイシン(MeLeu)、アミノイソ酪酸、スタチン及びN−メチル−アラニン(MeAla)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。アミノ酸がジスルフィド結合に関与する場合もある。用語「アミノ酸」は「アミノ酸残基」と交換可能に用い、遊離アミノ酸及び/又はペプチドのアミノ酸残基を指す場合がある。当該用語が用いられている文脈から、遊離アミノ酸又はペプチドの残基のどちらを指すかは明らかであろう。
“treating”)は、特定の疾患、障害及び/又は状態の1以上の症状又は徴候を
、一部又は完全に緩和、改善、軽減、阻害、防止、遅延させ、その重症度を低下させ、及び/又はその発生率を低下させるのに用いる如何なる方法をも意味する。治療は、疾患に伴う状態を発症する危険性を低下させる目的で、該疾患の徴候を示さない及び/又は該疾患の初期徴候のみを示す対象に対して施すことができる。
Advanced Organic Chemistry」,5th Edition,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,2001;Larock,「Comprehensive Organic Transformations」,VCH Publishers,Inc.,New York,1989;Carruthers,「Some Modem Methods of Organic Synthesis」,3rd Edition,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,1987に記載されている。
本発明は、その幾つかの実施形態において、PRPK/TPRKB複合体と相互作用する剤を同定する方法を提供する。本発明は、その幾つかの実施形態において、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP及びLAGE3とそのホモログを含むKEOPS複合体と相互作用する剤を同定する方法を提供する。幾つかの実施形態において、このような方法はハイスループットスクリーニング方法を含む。幾つかの実施形態において、この方法は、インビトロ、インサイト及び/又はインビボのアッセイを含む。本発明は、そのある実施形態において、本発明の方法により同定された剤を包含する。
驚くべきことに、本発明者らは、PRPK及びTPRKBが、レナリドミド及びポマリドマイド等の化合物の免疫調節活性及び増殖抑制活性を媒介することを見出した。PRPK及びTPRKBは、レナリドミド、ポマリドマイド及びサリドマイドをベースとするアフィニティー試薬によって捕捉された。
本発明は、その幾つかの実施形態において、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3及びそのホモログ又はそれらの複合体若しくは組み合わせを調節する剤を同定する方法を提供する。本発明の方法は、対象タンパク質(例えば、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3及びそのホモログ又はそれらの複合体若しくは組み合わせ)を含む系を用意することと、試験剤を用意することと、該試験剤を該系と接触させることと、該試験剤と該対象タンパク質(例えば、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3及びそのホモログ又はそれらの複合体若しくは組み合わせ)との間の相互作用を検出することとを含む。
一般に、本発明に係る方法により、いかなる剤をスクリーニングすることもできる。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明において複数の試験剤がスクリーニングされる。試験剤の例としては、化学物質、小分子、タンパク質又はペプチド、抗体、共結晶、ナノ結晶、核酸(例えば、DNA、RNA、DNA/RNAハイブリッド、siRNA、shRNA、miRNA、リボザイム、アプタマー等)、炭水化物(例えば、単糖類、二糖類又は多糖類)、脂質(例えば、リン脂質、トリグリセリド、ステロイド等)、アミノ酸、天然物及びそれらの任意の組み合わせが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。試験剤はまた、コンピュータに基づくラショナルドラッグデザイン方法を用いて設計することができる。通常、複数の試験剤(例えば、試験剤のライブラリー)が、モジュレーター候補のスクリーニングアッセイにおいてテストされる。例えば、試験剤は、化学合成されたライブラリーとして提供することができる。幾つかの実施形態において、試験剤は、コンビナトリアルライブラリー、ファージディスプレイライブラリー、核酸ライブラリー、アミノ酸ライブラリー、ペプチドライブラリー又はそれらの組み合わせとして提供される。ある実施形態においては、ライブラリーはインシリコで設計され、スクリーニングのために合成される。
21nt鎖で構成されたより短いdsRNA分子へとプロセシングされた後、種々の系列の細胞において配列特異的mRNA分解を導くと考えられている。該2本の21nt鎖は、それぞれ5’リン酸基及び3’ヒドロキシルを有し、もう一方の鎖と正確に相補的な19nt領域を含むことで、2ntの3’オーバーハングが隣接した19ntの二重鎖領域となる。このように、RNAiは、通常各鎖に1〜2ヌクレオチドの3’オーバーハングを有する約19ヌクレオチド長の二本鎖領域を含み、通常全長約21〜約23ヌクレオチドを生じる低分子干渉RNA(siRNA)によって媒介される。
チの組み合わせにより達成される。
R1、R2、R3及びR4は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル、C1-6アルコキシ又は−N(R5)2であり;
各R5は独立して水素又はC1-6アルキルであるか、又は2個のR5はそれらが結合した窒素と共に複素環を形成し;
R6は水素、ハロ、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R7は水素、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R8、R8'、R9及びR9'は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル又はC1-6アルコキシである)で表される化合物である。
R1、R2及びR3は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル又はC1-6アルコキシであり;
各R5は独立して水素又はC1-6アルキルであるか、又は2個のR5はそれらが結合した窒素と共に複素環を形成し;
R6は水素、ハロ、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R7は水素、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R8、R8'、R9及びR9'は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル又はC1-6アルコキシである)で表される化合物である。
R1、R2、R3及びR4は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル、C1-6アルコキシ又は−N(R5)2であり;
各R5は独立して水素又はC1-6アルキルであるか、又は2個のR5はそれらが結合した窒素と共に複素環を形成し;
R6は水素、ハロ、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R7は水素、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R8、R8'、R9及びR9'は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル又はC1-6アルコキシであって、R7、R8、R8'、R9及びR9'の少なくとも1個は水素ではない)で表される化合物を提供する。
Yは−C(=O)−又は−C(R10)(R10')−であり;
Zは−C(=O)−又は−C(R11)(R11')−であり;
R1、R2、R3及びR4は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル、C1-6アルコキシ又は−N(R5)2であり;
各R5は独立して水素又はC1-6アルキルであるか、又は2個のR5はそれらが結合した窒素と共に複素環を形成し;
R6は水素、ハロ、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R7は水素、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R8、R8'、R9、R9'、R10、R10'、R11及びR11'は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル又はC1-6アルコキシである)で表される化合物を提供する。
本発明は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体を調節する剤を同定する方法を提供する。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体と結合する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、基準剤の親和性と比べた場合、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体と1mM未満の範囲内の親和性で結合する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、細胞増殖を阻害する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、B細胞増殖を阻害する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、IL−2産生を誘導する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、TNF−α産生を阻害する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、TNF−α産生を誘導する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、炎症、炎症性疾患及び/又は自己免疫疾患の症状を治療する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、発癌状態又は癌性状態の症状を治療するための剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、PRPKキナーゼ活性を調節する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターを同定する。更に他の実施形態において、本発明の方法は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP及び/又はLAGE3とそのホモログの発現及び/又はレベルを調節する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターを同定する。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、ナチュラルキラー細胞を活性化する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の方法は、免疫シナプス形成を誘導する剤を同定することにより、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする。
幾つかの実施形態において、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターのスクリーニングが利用される。幾つかの実施形態において、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターのハイスループットスクリーニングが利用される。幾つかの実施形態において、このようなスクリーニングは、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体と結合する物質を同定する。
本発明は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングするためのインビトロ方法を提供する。例えば、幾つかの実施形態において、方法は一般に、(1)PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体を含む系を用意することと、(2)試験剤を用意することと、(3)該試験剤を系と接触させることと、(4)該試験剤によるPRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体の調節を測定及び/又は検出することとを含む。
本発明は、その幾つかの実施形態において、試験剤を細胞と接触させて、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターをスクリーニングする方法を提供する。続いて、細胞を、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体の活性と関連する種々のパラメータに関してアッセイすることができる。幾つかの実施形態においては、細胞はPRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/若しくはKEOPS複合体のうち1以上のメンバーを過剰発現する、並びに/又はこれら複合体の一方又は両方が作用する生物学的経路の改変を含む。本発明は、このような過剰発現する及び/又は改変された細胞を提供する。当業者であれば、本開示を参照することにより、このような細胞の範囲をよく理解し、このような細胞を構築、特性評価及び/又は利用するための多種多様な確立され、容易に得られる戦略を十分理解できるであろう。
インビボアッセイは、特異的欠損を有するよう、並びに/又は生物における種々の細胞に到達及び/若しくは影響を及ぼす候補物質の能力の測定に用いることのできるマーカーを有するよう遺伝子操作されたトランスジェニック動物等、種々の動物モデルの使用を伴う。そのサイズ、取り扱いが容易であること、並びに/又はその生理学的及び/若しくは遺伝学的構造に関する情報の理由から、マウスは特にトランスジェニックのための一実施形態である。しかし、ラット、ウサギ、ハムスター、モルモット、スナネズミ、ウッドチャック、ネコ、イヌ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、ブタ、ウシ、ウマ及び/又はサル(チンパンジー、テナガザル及び/又はヒヒ等)等、他の動物も同様に好ましい。モジュレーターのアッセイも、これらの種及び/又は本明細書に列挙されていない他の有用な種のいずれかに由来する動物モデルを用いて行うことができる。
本発明は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体と関連する疾患、状態又は障害を治療する方法を提供する。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明は、細胞増殖、IL−2産生又はTNF−α産生、ナチュラルキラー活性化と関連する疾患、状態又は障害を治療する方法を提供する。ある実施形態において、このような方法は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体の調節に関与する。ある実施形態において、このような方法は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体の活性化に関与する。ある実施形態において、このような方法は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体の阻害に関与する。
本発明は、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターを提供する。幾つかの実施形態において、本発明は、本明細書に記載されているPRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターを含む医薬組成物を提供する。本発明は、対象への投与のために適切に製剤化された、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、LAGE3とそのホモログ、PRPK−TPRKB複合体及び/又はKEOPS複合体のモジュレーターの1以上を治療上有効量で含む医薬組成物を提供する。このような医薬組成物は、1以上の追加的な治療上有効な物質を必要に応じて含むことができる。
動物(例えば、ヒト)に投与することができる本発明の剤の用量は、通常、対象の体重1kg当たり1mg〜約100gの範囲である。投与される正確な用量は、治療すべき動物の種類及び/若しくは疾患状態の種類、動物の年齢、並びに/又は投与経路を含む(が、これらに限定されない)多くの要素に応じて変化するであろう。幾つかの実施形態においては、本化合物の用量は動物の体重1kg当たり約1mg〜約10gであろう。幾つかの実施形態においては、用量は対象の体重1kg当たり約10mg〜約1gであろう。
全ての反応は、オーブン乾燥又はフレームドライされたガラス器具内で、空気の影響を受けやすい物質を扱う標準的な技術を利用してアルゴン雰囲気で行った。商品として入手した試薬及び溶媒は全て供給された状態のまま使用した。無水THF、DMSO、ピリジン及びDCMは、ACROS chemicalsからモレキュラーシーブと共に購入した。反応物は磁気撹拌し、薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)及び液体クロマトグラフィー−質量分析(LC−MS)法でモニターした。TLCは0.25mmのE.Merckシリカゲル60 F254プレコート済みプレートを使用し、可視化にバニリン染色、モリブデン酸塩染色又はUVを用いた。フラッシュクロマトグラフィーはSorbent Technologiesより入手したシリカゲル60(粒度0.032〜0.063mm)を用いて行った。分析操作及び逆相分取HPLCによる精製にダイオードアレイ検出器及びエレクトロスプレーイオン源を備えたAgilent 1100シリーズLC−MSDシングル四重極型システムを使用した。分取HPLC精製には全てAgilent C−18分取カラム(21.2×100mm、5μm)を使用し、0.1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリル及び水の混合物を用いて流量を15ml/分とした。収率は、クロマトグラフィー及び分光学的に純粋な化合物を意味する。1H−NMRスペクトルはVarian400MHz分光器を使用し、内部重水素ロックを用いて周囲温度で記録した。内部標準にはCDCl3のδH7.26を用いた。NMRデータは以下のように示す:化学シフト(δTMS=0に対するδスケール(ppm単位))、積分値、多重度(s=一重線、d=二重線、t=三重線、q=四重線、m=多重線、dd=二重線の二重線、td=二重線の三重線、br=幅広い線)及び結合定数(J/Hz)。共鳴の一部又は全部の何れかが不明瞭な場合は不明瞭(obsc)として示す。質量スペクトルにはAgilent 1100シリーズLC−MSを使用した。
細胞株Jurkat、NCI−H929、HS−Sultan、HEK−293FT及びJeKo−1はATCCより入手し、供給者指定の培地条件を用いて37℃、5%CO2の培養器で維持した。凍結保存PBMCはAstarte Biologicsより入手し、解凍して供給者指定の培地条件で維持した。
レナリドミド(0.020g、0.077mmol)のピリジン(0.8mL)溶液を0℃(氷浴)に冷却した。塩化プロピオニル(0.009mL、0.100mmol)を滴下し、反応物を16時間かけて室温に戻した。揮発性物質を真空下で除去し、未精製の残渣をシリカゲル上でフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:DCM中0→5%MeOH)に付して精製し、所望の生成物27をほぼ白色の粉末として得た(0.012g、50%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.04 (s, 1H), 9.79 (s, 1H), 7.80 (dd, J= 6.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.64 - 7.29 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.2, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (q, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.00 - 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.08 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z C16H18N3O4 [M+H]+の計算値: 316.3, 実測値: 316.8。
3−アミノフタル酸(0.100g、0.552mmol)のDMF(1.1mL)溶液に3−アミノピペリジン−2−オン(0.063g、0.552mmol)を加え、反応物を90℃で18時間撹拌した。揮発性物質を真空下で除去し、暗褐色の粗精製残渣を逆相分取HPLCで精製することにより所望の生成物28をほぼ白色の粉末として得た(0.050g、35%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J= 8.3, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.07 - 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.47 (br s, 2H), 4.49 (dd, J= 11.9, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.27 - 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.19 (dt, J= 12.0, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.05 - 1.72 (m, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z C3H14N3O3 [M+H]+の計算値: 260.3, 実測値: 260.9。
NaOtBu(0.074g、0.769mmol)のDMSO(0.8mL)溶液にポマリドマイド(0.100g、0.366mmol)のDMSO(0.5mL+洗液0.5mL)溶液を滴下した。反応物を室温で10分間撹拌した後、ヨウ化メチル(0.025mL、0.403mmol)を加えた。18時間後、反応物に氷酢酸(0.1mL)を加え、揮発性物質を真空下で除去し、暗褐色の粗精製残渣を逆相分取HPLCで精製することにより29を淡黄色粉末として得た(0.02g、19%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.46 (dd, J= 8.4, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J= 7.6, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 6.53 (br s, 2H), 5.11 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.97 - 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.76 (s, 1H), 2.57 -2.51 (m, 1H), 2.06 - 1.91 (m, 1H)。MS (ESI) m/z C14H14N3O4 [M+H]+の計算値: 288.3,実測値: 288.5。
3−アミノフタル酸塩酸塩(0.144g、0.664mmol)及び(S)−5−アミノピペリジン−2−オン塩酸塩(0.100g、0.664mmol)を乾燥DMF(2.2mL)に加えた混合物にトリエチルアミン(0.933mL、6.64mmol)を加え、反応液を80℃で18時間加熱した。粗混合物に飽和NaHCO3水溶液(30mL)を加えるてクエンチし、DCM(3×20mL)で抽出した。有機相を合一し、MgSO4上で乾燥させ、濾過し濃縮した。粗精製残渣を逆相分取HPLCで精製することにより所望の生成物30をほぼ白色の粉末として得た(0.08g、47%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J= 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (m, 2H), 6.48 (br s, 2H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 3.60 (app t, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 3.23 - 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.62 - 2.42 (obsc m, 1H), 2.42 - 2.21 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H)。MS (ESI) m/z C13H14N3O3 [M+H]+の計算値: 260.3, 実測値: 260.7。
スターラーバーを備えた丸底フラスコ内でNε−Z−L−リジンメチルエステル塩酸塩(1g、3.022mmol)及びMgSO4(0.253g、2.1mmol)にDCM(4.3mL)を加えた。この懸濁液にトリエチルアミン(0.5mL、3.63mmol)、次いでベンズアルデヒド(0.3mL、3.022mmol)を10分間かけて加えた。反応物を室温で20時間撹拌した後、濾過した。次いで固体をDCMで洗浄した。有機相をMgSO4上で乾燥させ、濾過して濃縮することにより2を無色油として得た(1g,87%)。これを更に精製することなく次の段階に用いた。
Rf = 0.68 (9:1 DCM:MeOH)。
2(4g、10.4mmol)及びアクリルアミド(1.11g、15.7mmol)のTHF(40mL)溶液にカリウムtert−ブトキシド(1.23g、11.0mmol)を0℃で少量ずつ15分間かけて加えた。3.5時間後、混合物の反応をNH4Cl水溶液でクエンチし、EtOAcで抽出した。有機相をMgSO4上で乾燥させ、濾過して濃縮し、3を得た(3.6g、82%)。これ以上の精製は行わなかった。
Rf = 0.33 (95:5 DCM:MeOH)。
3(3.6g、8.54mmol)のTHF(21mL)溶液に4MのHCl水溶液を0℃で少量ずつ加えた。混合物を室温に戻し、5時間撹拌した。反応中に形成した白色の析出物を濾過してTHFで洗浄した。再結晶を2回行うことにより4を白色固体として得た(2.88g、91.2%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) a 11.30 (s, 1H), 8.62 (br s, 3H), 7.46 - 7.15 (m, 5H), 4.97 (m, 2H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.24 - 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.21 (m, 1H)。
4(0.326g、0.881mmol)、3−ニトロフタル酸無水物(0.211g、1.093mmol)、及び酢酸ナトリウム(0.097g、1.181mmol)の混合物に酢酸(4.0mL)を加え、得られた混合物を130℃で一夜撹拌した。20時間後、混合物を炭酸水素ナトリウムで慎重に中和し、DCMで抽出した。有機層をMgSO4上で乾燥させ、濾過して濃縮した。フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(95:5 DCM:MeOH)で精製することにより5を白色固体として得た(0.241g、54%)。
アルゴン中、5(0.24g、0.472mmol)のエタノール(15mL)懸濁液にラネーニッケル(W.R.Grace and Co.,Raney(登録商標)4200、H2O中スラリー)を加えた。次いで、水素バルーンを用いて混合物を水素で飽和させた。1.5時間後、混合物にアルゴンをフラッシュし、EtOHを用いて濾過して濃縮した。フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(95:5 DCM:MeOH)で精製することにより6を淡黄色固体として得た(0.112mg、49%)。
Rf = 0.38 (95:5 DCM:MeOH)。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.97 (s, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H), 7.71 - 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.49 - 7.18 (m, 5H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 5.07 - 4.85 (m, 2H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 2H), 1.22 (m, 2H)。MS (ESI) m/z C25H27N4O6 [M+H]+の計算値: 479.5, 実測値: 479.9。
アルゴン雰囲気中、2%HClを含むエタノール(60mL)に6(0.111g、0.232mmol)を溶解した溶液に活性炭担持パラジウム(0.025g)を加えた。次いで、水素バルーンを用いて混合物を水素で飽和させた。4時間後、混合物にアルゴンをフラッシュし、エタノール及びメタノールを用いて濾過した。分取HPLCにより7を淡黄色固体として得た(0.055g、69%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.52 - 7.34 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 2H), 6.53 (br s, 2H), 2.74 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.63 - 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.21 (m, 1H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.48 - 1.38 (m, 1H), 1.26 (m, 2H)。MS (ESI) m/z C17H21N4O4 [M+H]+の計算値: 345.4, 実測値: 345.7。
アフィゲル−10(15μmol/mLゲル、50%スラリー)のイソプロパノール懸濁液約2mLをコニカルチューブに移し、遠心分離することによって沈渣(1.04mL)を得た。イソプロパノールを除去して、アフィゲル−10をDMSO(3×5mL)で洗浄した。次いで、7(0.002g、0.00525mmol)及びトリエチルアミン(0.007mL、0.0525mmol)のDMSO(2.2mL)溶液を加え、得られた混合物を密封してローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。16時間後、コニカルチューブの遠心沈殿を行い、DMSO上清中の7の存在の有無をLC−MSで確認した。7は観測されず、これに従い、混合物にトリエチルアミン(0.015mL、0.105mmol)及びエタノールアミン(0.006mL、0.10503mmol)を加え、得られた混合物をローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。20時間後、SS−0007896を遠心沈殿させ、溶媒を除去し、樹脂をDMSO(3×5mL)及びイソプロパノール(3×5mL)で洗浄し、−20℃のイソプロパノール中で保管した。
4(0.4g、1.08mmol)、4−ニトロフタル酸無水物(0.259g、1.34mmol)、及び酢酸ナトリウム(0.125g、1.45mmol)の懸濁液に酢酸(4mL)を加え、得られた混合物を130℃で撹拌した。6時間後、炭酸水素ナトリウムで混合物の反応をクエンチし、DCMで抽出した。有機層をMgSO4上で乾燥させ、濃縮した。フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(95:5 DCM:MeOH)で精製することにより9を得た(0.45g、87%)。
Rf = 0.36 (95:5 DCM:MeOH)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.62 (par obsc s, 1H), 8.60 - 8.51 (par obsc m, 1H), 8.16 - 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.44 - 7.27 (m, 5H), 5.07 (m, 2H), 3.23 (m, 3H), 2.93 - 2.49 (m, 3H), 2.46 - 2.23 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.79 - 1.47 (m, 3H), 1.45 - 1.17 (m, 2H), 1.00 - 0.75 (m, 1H)。MS (ESI) m/z C25H25N4H8 [M+H]+の計算値: 509.5, 実測値: 509.3。
アルゴン下、9のエタノール(5mL)懸濁液にラネーニッケル(W.R.Grace and Co.,Raney(登録商標)4200、H2O中スラリー)を加えた。次いで、水素バルーンを用いて混合物を水素で飽和させた。12時間後、混合物にアルゴンをフラッシュし、MeOHを用いて濾過して濃縮した。分取HPLCにより精製した後、1MのHCl溶液から蒸発させることにより10を得た(0.0063mg、15%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOi) δ 8.22 (s, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J= 8.2, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (dd, J= 8.2, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.65 - 2.40 (par obsc m, 2H), 2.40 - 2.25 (m, 1H), 2.17 - 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.60 - 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.24 (d, J= 44.1 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z C17H21N4O4 [M-Cl]+ の計算値: 345.4, 実測値: 345.6。
アフィゲル−10(15μmol/mLゲル、50%スラリー)のイソプロパノール懸濁液約5mLをコニカルチューブに移し、遠心分離することによって沈渣(2.3mL)を得た。イソプロパノールを除去してアフィゲル−10をDMSO(3回)で洗浄した。次いで、10(0.0044g、0.0115mmol)及びトリエチルアミン(0.016mL、0.115mmol)のDMSO(5mL)溶液を加え、得られた混合物を密封して、ローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。16時間後、コニカルチューブの遠心沈殿を行い、DMSO上清中の10の存在の有無をLC−MSで確認した。10は観測されなかったので、混合物にトリエチルアミン(0.032mL、0.23mmol)及びエタノールアミン(0.014mL、0.23mmol)を加え、得られた混合物をローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。16時間後、SS−0008803を遠心沈殿させ、溶媒を除去し、樹脂をDMSO(3×5mL)及びイソプロパノール(3×5mL)で洗浄し、−20℃のイソプロパノール中で保管した。
4(0.12g、0.324mmol)、無水フタル酸(0.060g、0.401mmol)、及び酢酸ナトリウム(0.037g、0.434mmol)の懸濁液に酢酸(1.5mL)を加え、得られた混合物を130℃で撹拌した。7時間後、混合物の反応を炭酸水素ナトリウムで停止し、DCMで抽出した。有機層をMgSO4で乾燥させ、濃縮した。分取HPLCで精製することにより12を得た。
Rf = 0.32 (95:5 DCM:MeOH)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.05 - 7.64 (m, 5H), 7.44 - 7.27 (m, 4H), 5.16 - 5.00 (m, 2H), 4.90 (m, 1H), 3.34 - 3.09 (m, 3H), 2.92 - 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.77 - 2.45 (m, 3H), 2.36 - 2.18 (m, 1H), 2.17 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.38 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H)。 MS (ESI) m/z C25H26N3O6 [M+H]+ の計算値: 464.5, 実測値: 464.3。
2%HClを含むエタノール(60mL)に13(0.024g、0.052mmol)を溶解した溶液に、アルゴン雰囲気中、活性炭担持パラジウム(0.005g)を加えた。次いで、水素バルーンを用いて混合物を水素で飽和させた。2時間後、混合物にアルゴンをフラッシュし、エタノール及び水を用いて濾過した。分取HPLCにより13を得た(0.018g、94%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) δ 8.38 (s, 2H), 7.92 - 7.64 (m, 4H), 3.10 - 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.85 - 2.46 (m, 4H), 2.40 - 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.68 (dt, J= 15.2, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.57 - 1.26 (m, 2H)。MS (ESI) m/z C17H20N3O4 [M-Cl]+ の計算値: 330.4, 実測値: 330.6。
アフィゲル−10(ゲル15μmol/mLゲル、50%スラリー)のイソプロパノール懸濁液約8mLをコニカルチューブに移し、遠心分離することによって沈渣(4.2mL、3当量)を得た。イソプロパノールを除去し、アフィゲル−10をDMSO(3×5mL)で洗浄した。次いで、13(0.0078g、0.021mmol)及びトリエチルアミン(0.0293mL、0.21mmol)のDMSO(9.0mL)溶液を加え、得られた混合物を密封し、ローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。14時間後、コニカルチューブの遠心沈殿を行い、DMSO上清中の14の存在の有無をLC−MSで確認した。14は観測されなかったので、混合物にトリエチルアミン(0.058mL、0.42mmol)及びエタノールアミン(0.025mL、0.42mmol)を加え、得られた混合物をローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。9時間後、SS−0008820を遠心沈殿させ、溶媒を除去して、樹脂をDMSO(3×5mL)及びイソプロパノール(3×5mL)で洗浄し、−20℃のイソプロパノール中で保管した。
無水酢酸(0.098mL、1.04mmol)のピリジン(1mL)溶液に6(0.05g、0.104mmol)を加え、混合物を70℃で撹拌した。12時間後、混合物の反応を1%HCl水溶液でクエンチし、DCMで抽出した。有機層をMgSO4上で乾燥させ、濃縮した。分取薄層クロマトグラフィー(1:1 EtOAc:ヘキサン)により15を不純物を含む生成物として得た(0.02g、37%)。これを次の反応に使用した。
Rf = 0.16 (1:1 EtOAc:ヘキサン)。
2%HClを含むエタノール(2.0mL)に15(0.02g、0.038mmol)を溶解した溶液に、アルゴン雰囲気中、活性炭担持パラジウム(0.004g)を加えた。次いで、水素バルーンを用いて混合物を水素で飽和させた。2時間後、混合物にアルゴンをフラッシュし、濾過して濃縮した。分取HPLCにより16を得た(0.002g、12%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) δ 8.37 (s, 2H), 8.16 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J= 12.9, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.95 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (m, 3H), 2.61 - 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.41 - 2.10 (m, 4H), 1.80 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.43 (d, J= 39.6 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z C19H23N405 [M-Cl]+ の計算値: 387.4, 実測値: 387.7。
アフィゲル−10(15μmol/mLゲル、50%スラリー)のイソプロパノール懸濁液約2mLをコニカルチューブに移し、遠心分離することによって沈渣(0.95mL、3当量)を得た。イソプロパノールを除去して、アフィゲル−10をDMSO(3×5mL)で洗浄した。次いで、16(0.002g、0.00473mmol)及びトリエチルアミン(0.007mL、0.0473mmol)のDMSO(2.0mL)溶液を加え、得られた混合物を密封し、ローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。20時間後、コニカルチューブの遠心沈殿を行い、DMSO上清中の16の存在の有無をLC−MSで確認した。16は観測されず、これに従い、混合物にトリエチルアミン(0.013mL、0.0946mmol)及びエタノールアミン(0.006mL、0.0946mmol)を加え、得られた混合物をローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。12時間後、SS−0008821を遠心沈殿させ、溶媒を除去して、樹脂をDMSO(3×5mL)及びイソプロパノール(3×5mL)で洗浄して、−20℃のイソプロパノール中で保管した。
メチル2−メチル−3−ニトロベンゾエート(5g、25.6mmol)の乾燥DCM(20mL)溶液にNBS(4.56g、25.6mmol)及びAIBN(0.421g、2.56mmol)を加え、混合物を60℃で撹拌した。20時間後、更にAIBN(0.42g)を加え、混合物の撹拌を60℃で継続した。72時間後、混合物を濾過して濃縮した。フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(100%ヘキサン→10%EtOAC/ヘキサン)で精製することにより18を淡黄色固体として得た(5.2g、74%)。
Rf = O.3(9:1 ヘキサン:酢酸エチル)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.11 (dd, J= 7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.03 - 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J= 8.0 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.24 - 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.08 - 3.88 (s, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z C9H9BrNO4 [M+H]+ の計算値: 275.1, 実測値: 275.5。
18(0.25g、0.912mmol)及び4(0.337g、0.912mmol)をDMF(3.0mL)に加えた混合物を撹拌しながらトリエチルアミン(0.320mL、2.28mmol)を加え、得られた混合物を114℃〜130℃で撹拌した。18時間後、混合物を冷却し、濃縮した。フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(95:5 DCM:MeOH)で精製することにより19を淡褐色の綿状固体として得た(0.27g、60%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.99 (s, 1H), 8.45 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.80 (dd, J= 7.8 Hz, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 - 7.19 (m, 5H), 5.17 - 4.84 (m, 4H), 3.05 - 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.69 - 2.52 (m, 3H), 2.20 - 1.94 (m, 3H), 1.35 (m, 4H)。MS (ESI) m/z C25H27N4O7 [M+H]+ の計算値: 495.5, 実測値: 495.9。
アルゴン中、19(0.26g、0.526mmol)のEtOH:DMF(2:1、6mL)溶液にラネーニッケル(W.R.Grace and Co.,Raney(登録商標)4200、H2O中スラリー)を加えた。次いで、混合物を水素バルーンを用いて水素で飽和させた。16時間後、混合物を濾過することにより20及び21の混合物を得た(LC−MSにより判定)。混合物を更に精製することなく次の反応に使用した。
アルゴン中で、不純物を含む20(0.1g、0.215mmol)のEtOH/DMF(2:1、3.5mL)溶液に活性炭担持パラジウム(20重量%)を加えた。次いで、混合物を水素バルーンを用いて水素で飽和させた。5時間後、混合物にアルゴンをフラッシュし、濾過して濃縮した。分取HPLCにより21を得た(0.012mg、16%)。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J= 7.6 Hz, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87 - 6.65 (m, 2H), 5.56 (s, 2H), 4.35 ((ABq, JAB = 17.6 Hz, ΔνAB = 15.4Hz, 2H), 2.82 - 2.71 (m,2H), 2.67 - 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.56 - 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.09 - 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.64 - 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.52 - 1.28 (m, 2H)。MS (ESI) m/z C17H23N4O3 [M+H]+ の計算値: 331.4, 実測値: 331.7。
アフィゲル−10(15μmol/mLゲル、50%スラリー)のイソプロパノール懸濁液約9mLをコニカルチューブに移し、遠心分離することによって沈渣(6.65mL、3当量)を得た。イソプロパノールを除去し、アフィゲル−10をDMSO(3×5mL)で洗浄した。次いで、21(0.011g、0.033mmol)及びトリエチルアミン(0.047mL、0.333mmol)のDMSO(10.0mL)溶液を加え、得られた混合物を密封してローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。20時間後、コニカルチューブの遠心沈殿を行い、DMSO上清中の21の存在の有無をLC−MSで確認した。21は観測されず、これに従い、混合物にトリエチルアミン(0.093mL、0.666mmol)及びエタノールアミン(0.040mL、0.666mmol)を加え、得られた混合物をローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。16時間後、SS−0017471を遠心沈殿させ、溶媒を除去し、樹脂をDMSO(3×5mL)及びイソプロパノール(3×5mL)で洗浄して、−20℃のイソプロパノール中で保管した。
アルゴン下、Fmoc−12−アミノ−4,7,10−トリオキサドデカン酸(0.2g、0.451mmol)の乾燥THF(11mL)溶液にN−ヒドロキシコハク酸イミド(0.060g、0.519mmol)及びN,N’−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(0.107g、0.5191mmol)を0℃で加えた。次いで、反応液を室温に戻した。20時間後、混合物を濃縮し、フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(95:5 DCM:MeOH)で精製することにより、ある程度の不純物を含む23を得た(0.116g、48%)。23を更に精製することなく次の反応段階に使用した。
Rf = 0.47 (95:5 DCM:MeOH)。
アルゴン雰囲気中、23(0.012g、0.022mmol)のDMSO(2mL)溶液に7(0.011g、0.0289mmol)及びトリエチルアミン(0.01mL、0.071mmol)を加え、混合物を室温で撹拌した。16時間後、粗混合物を直接分取HPLCで精製することにより25(0.005g、42%)、24(0.0014g、8.2%)及び未反応の7(0.0037g、48%)を得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.39 (s, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.49 - 7.37 (m, 1H), 7.04 - 6.82 (m, 2H), 6.53 (s, 2H), 3.59 - 3.36 (m, 11H), 3.03 - 2.93 (m, 2H), 2.84 - 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.33 - 2.16 (m, 5H), 2.05 - 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.44 - 1.31 (m, 3H), 1.25 - 1.16 (m, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z C26H38N5O8 [M+H]+ の計算値: 548.6, 実測値: 548.5。
アフィゲル−10(15μmol/mLゲル、50%スラリー)のイソプロパノール懸濁液約1mLをコニカルチューブに移し、遠心分離することによって沈渣(0.73mL、3当量)を得た。イソプロパノールを除去して、アフィゲル−10をDMSO(3×5mL)で洗浄した。次いで、25(0.002g、0.0036523mmol)及びトリエチルアミン(0.005mL、0.037mmol)のDMSO(10.0mL)溶液を加え、得られた混合物を密封してローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。16時間後、コニカルチューブの遠心沈殿を行い、DMSO上清中の25の存在の有無をLC−MSで確認した。25は観測されず、これに従い、混合物にトリエチルアミン(0.0102mL、0.073mmol)及びエタノールアミン(0.004mL、0.073mmol)を加え、得られた混合物をローテーターを用いて室温で転動させた。20時間後、SS−0017436を遠心沈殿させ、溶媒を除去し、樹脂をDMSO(3×5mL)及びイソプロパノール(3×5mL)で洗浄して、−20℃のイソプロパノール中で保管した。
IL−2産生アッセイ(図1及び図8を参照)
本プロトコールは、96ウェル形式においてJurkat及びPBMCによって産生されたIL−2の量を検出するための技法について説明する。本アッセイにより、レナリドミド、ポマリドマイド、全誘導体及びCMPD31阻害のIL−2産生EC50値を計算した。
ATCC(クローンE6−1)から入手した対数増殖Jurkat細胞又はAstarteから入手し凍結融解したヒトPBMC(末梢血単核球、正常ドナー41)を、1×106細胞/mLとなるよう10%FBS及び1%抗生物質/抗真菌薬溶液を含有するRPMI−1640培地に再懸濁した。各ウェル1×105細胞/100μLとなるように、96ウェル抗CD3プレート(Becton Dickinson、カタログ番号#354725)の各ウェルに細胞を蒔いた。カラム1及び12に対照を加えたが、8連のウェルにおける0.1%DMSOは、陰性又は0%IL−2産生対照であり、8連のウェルにおける0.1μg/mL抗CD28抗体(Becton Dickinson、カタログ#555725)は、陽性又は100%IL−2産生対照であった。
簡潔に述べると、標準ELISAでは、化合物処理したアッセイプレートから得た上清(100μL)を、希釈液(50μL)と共に各IL−2検出ELISAプレートウェルに加え、プレートを2時間、室温にてインキュベートした。プレートを振って軽く叩いて水切りする操作にて、各プレートを洗浄バッファー(100μL)で5回洗浄した。調製した作業検出用溶液(100μL)を各ウェルに添加した。ELISAプレートを1時間室温にてインキュベートし、続いて上述の通りに7回洗浄し、次に、TMB一段階基質試薬(100μL)を各ウェルに添加した。次に、ELISAプレートを30分間、室温にてインキュベートし、その後停止溶液(50μL)を各ウェルに添加した。停止溶液添加後10分間以内に、Victor3プレートリーダーにおいて450nmで比色検出を行った。
増殖阻害アッセイ(図1及び図8を参照)
細胞株Jurkat、NCI−H929及びJeKo−1は、ATCCから入手し、ベンダー指定の培地要件により維持した。96ウェルプレートにおいて、アッセイ増殖培地(RPMI−1640、10%FBS、1%pen−strep)(90μL)中にウェル当たり3,750細胞(Jeko−1、HS−Sultan)又はウェル当たり5,000細胞(NCI−H929)となるよう細胞を蒔いた。プレート内の細胞を室温で1時間インキュベートし、続いて37℃、5%CO2加湿空気に設定したインキュベーターに移し一晩置いた。
96ウェルU字底プレートのカラム2〜11において、Biomek FX液体ハンドラーを用いて化合物を100%DMSOにおいて3倍に系列希釈し、2つの10ポイント用量曲線を作成した。化合物の出発濃度は、10mMであった。2μLの化合物用量曲線を含む娘プレートをスタンプし、−80℃で保存した。カラム1及び12の列A、B、E及びFに100%DMSO(2μL)を、列C、D、G及びHに10mMドキソルビシン(2μL)をスタンプすることにより、対照プレートを作製した。DMSO及びドキソルビシンは、それぞれ100%及び0%増殖のプレーティング対照として用いた。
化合物及び対照娘プレートをアッセイ増殖培地(200μL)で100倍希釈し、続いて最終的に96ウェル細胞プレートへと更に10倍希釈した。全ウェルに対し0.1%DMSOにおける1000倍の最終希釈となる。CMPD31増殖阻害アッセイのため、RPMI−1640培地におけるCMPD31の10×ストック(100μM)を調製し、全濃度のレナリドミド及びポマリドマイドのアッセイウェルで最終濃度10μMとなるよう希釈した。化合物で処理したプレートを120時間、37℃、5%CO2にてインキュベートし、続いてCell Titer Blue(Promega Corporation)(10μL)を各ウェルに添加した。プレートを2時間、37℃、5%CO2にてインキュベートし、次にPerkin Elmer Victor3Vプレートリーダーにおいて、励起560nm、発光590nmでプレートを読み取った。プレート内対照に対しデータを標準化した。0.1%DMSOは、100%増殖を表すよう用い、10μMドキソルビシンは、0%増殖を表すよう用いた。ActivityBaseバージョン7.0ソフトウェア(IDBS)においてS字形用量反応(勾配変化のある法面)による基礎非線形回帰を用いて、IC50値の用量曲線解析を行った。
標準小分子アフィニティクロマトグラフィーによる標的の発見(図2〜5及び図7を参照)
過剰発現PRPK及びTPRKBに対するアフィゲル結合(図3〜5を参照)
C末端Myc−DDKタグ付きPRPK及びC末端Myc−DDKタグ付きTPRKBタンパク質を、メーカーのプロトコール(Roche、インディアナ州インディアナポリス)に従ってFuGENE−6トランスフェクション試薬を用いて、HEK−293FT細胞においてcDNA(Origene、メリーランド州ロックビルから入手)から一過性に過剰発現させた。トランスフェクションの1日前に、p100ディッシュ1枚につき2.5×106個のHEK−293FT細胞を蒔いた。トランスフェクション48時間後に、試料毎にp100ディッシュ1枚当たり1〜2mLのバッファーBにおいて細胞を溶解させた。活性(ポマリドマイドベース)又は不活性(CMPD31ベース、サリドマイドベース又はアシル化)アフィニティー試薬による標準小分子アフィニティクロマトグラフィーのため、上述の通りにプルダウンを行った。銀染色及び抗DDK(抗DDKモノクローナル抗体、Origene)ウエスタンブロットにより、各アフィニティー試薬によって捕捉されたPRPK及びTPRKBの量を決定した。種々の化合物及び誘導体(ポマリドマイド、レナリドミド、サリドマイド、CMPD31、CMPD30、CMPD29)を用いた競合実験も行った。
Jurkat細胞におけるPRPK及びTPRKBの過剰発現(図6を参照)
C末端Myc−DDKタグ付きPRPK及びC末端Myc−DDKタグ付きTPRKBタンパク質を、FuGENE−6トランスフェクション試薬(Roche)を用いてJurkat細胞において一過性に過剰発現させた。PRPK及びTPRKB cDNAを用いて、各cDNA単独で又は組み合わせて(PRPK+TPRKB同時発現)5百万個のJurkat細胞をトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクション48時間後に、RIPAバッファー(50mM Tris−HCl、pH7.4、150mM NaCl、1%ノニデットP−40、0.5%デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、0.1%SDS、5mM EDTA、1mM EGTA並びに10mLのRIPAバッファーにつき1個のコンプリート・ミニ・プロテアーゼ阻害剤及び1個のPhosSTOPホスファターゼ阻害剤錠剤)(200μL)において溶解させた後、発現レベルをアッセイした。DCタンパク質アッセイ(Bio−Rad、カリフォルニア州ハーキュリーズ)を用いてタンパク質レベルを評価し、30μgのライセートを4〜12%SDS−PAGEゲルで分離した後、抗Mycタグ抗体(7ID10、Cell Signaling Technology、マサチューセッツ州ダンバーズ)又は抗ビンキュリンローディング対照(hVIN−1、Sigma、ミズーリ州セントルイス)によるウエスタンブロットを行った。
SILACに基づく定量的アフィニティクロマトグラフィー(図7を参照)
細胞を標識し、既に公開されているプロトコール(Ong S及びMann M、2006年、ネイチャー・プロトコルス;オンSら、2009年、PNAS)に従って実験を行った。簡潔に述べると、L−アルギニン(Sigma、ミズーリ州セントルイス)、10%透析済FBS(Invitrogen、カリフォルニア州カールズバッド)及び1%ペニシリン−ストレプトマイシン(Invitrogen)を補充したSILAC RPMI−1640培地(Thermo Fisher Scientific、マサチューセッツ州ウォルサム)において、「軽」アミノ酸(L−リジン、Sigma、ミズーリ州セントルイス)又は「重」アミノ酸(L−リジン−13C6、15N2、Cambridge Isotope、マサチューセッツ州アンドーバー)でJeko−1細胞を標識した。T225フラスコから得た80〜90%集密度のJeko−1細胞をスピンダウンし、PBSで2回洗浄し、軽又は重SILAC培地へと1:10で播種した。細胞を少なくとも2回継代培養し、SILAC培地において少なくとも5回細胞倍加する間増殖させた。最終増殖段階において、プルダウン実験に十分な量の細胞を得るため、1L細胞培養バッグ(Lampire、ペンシルベニア州パイパースビル)に細胞を播種した。アフィニティクロマトグラフィーのため、バッファーB(4mL)に溶解することにより、プルダウン試料当たり1×109個の軽又は重Jeko−1細胞から細胞ライセートを調製した。標準小分子アフィニティクロマトグラフィーのため、次の修正を加えつつ上述の通りにプルダウンを行った。試料毎に25μLの対照アフィゲル−PEGリンカーを用いて、ライセートを45分間プレクリアした。16倍過剰なポマリドマイド又はCMPD31を軽ライセートに加え、DMSOを重ライセートに加えることにより競合を行った。ポマリドマイドに基づくアフィゲル試薬(25μL)によりプルダウンを行った。プルダウン後、軽及び重試料を別々にバッファーB(800μL)で1回洗浄し、次に軽及び重試料をプールし、Mobicolカラムに加え、バッファーB(800μL)で3回、バッファーA(800μL)で3回洗浄した。10mM DTTを含む4×SDSサンプルバッファー(30μL)において試料を溶出させた。Steve Gygi博士とTaplin Mass Spectrometry Facility(ハーバード大学医学部、マサチューセッツ州ボストン)のメンバーにより、SILAC質量分析及びデータ解析が行われた。
ナチュラルキラー細胞アッセイ(図9を参照)
免疫調節剤によるPBMCの処理。初期処理当日において、健常なドナー由来の凍結保存した末梢血単核球(PBMC;Astarte Biologics)を、10%ウシ胎仔血清、1%ペニシリン−ストレプトマイシン及び25mM HEPESバッファーを含有するRPMI−1640(完全培地)において37℃で解凍した。PBMCを1000rpmで2回遠心分離して、残渣DMSO及びデブリを除去し、血球計算器において計数した。完全培地1mL当たり最終細胞密度1×106細胞の細胞を用いた。最終濃度1μg/mLの可溶性抗CD3抗体(BD Pharmingen、クローンUCHT1)によりPBMCを刺激し、種々の濃度のレナリドミド又はポマリドマイド有り又は無しの96ウェル丸底プレートへと加えて72時間、37℃、5%CO2下に置いた(最終DMSO濃度≦0.2%)。陽性対照PBMCは、抗CD3抗体無しで最終濃度120IU/mLのIL−2(R&D systems)により刺激した。
免疫シナプスアッセイ
細胞染色及び処理。対数増殖しているATCC(クローンE6−1)のJurkat細胞及びATCCのRAMOS細胞を、1%抗生物質/抗真菌薬溶液を含有し血清を含有しないRPMI−1640培地において1×106細胞/mLになるよう再懸濁する。更に、未染色対照とするために、細胞の一定分量を10%FBS及び1%抗生物質/抗真菌薬溶液を含有するRPMI−1640培地に1×106細胞/mLになるよう再懸濁する。細胞1mL当たり5μLの色素を加えることにより、Vybrant(商標)マルチカラー細胞標識キット(Invitrogen)の色素DIOでRAMOS細胞を染色する。Vybrant(商標)マルチカラー細胞標識キット(Invitrogen)の色素DILでJurkat細胞を染色する。10分間、37℃、5%CO2にて細胞を染色する。染色後、10%FBS及び1%抗生物質/抗真菌薬溶液を含有する等容量のRPMI−1640培地並びに細胞を5分間、1000rpmで遠心分離して沈殿させる。培地を吸引除去し、ペレットを1×106細胞/mLとなるよう再懸濁することにより、細胞を1回洗浄する。培地を吸引し、細胞を1×106細胞/mLとなるよう再懸濁し、少量を用いて細胞を再計数し、5分間、1000rpmで再度遠心分離して細胞を沈殿させる。新たな細胞計数に基づき1×106細胞/mLとなるようペレットを再懸濁し、使用するまで37℃、5%CO2にてインキュベートする。その後、400μLの各細胞型を取り出し、微量遠心分離チューブに置き、固定して染色対照として用いるまで37℃、5%CO2にてインキュベートする。
以上、本発明の特定の非限定的な好ましい実施形態について説明した。当業者であれば、通常の実験を行うだけで、本明細書に記載の本発明の具体的な実施形態に対する多くの等価物を認識し、又は確認することができるであろう。当業者であれば、添付の請求項で定義された本発明の精神又は範囲を逸脱することなく、本記載に対する種々の変更や改変を行うことができることは理解されよう。
Claims (14)
- PRPK/TPRKB複合体を調節する剤を同定する方法であって、
(a)PRPK及びTPRKBを含むPRPK/TPRKB複合体を用意することと、
(b)試験剤及び基準剤を用意することと、
(c)該試験剤及び基準剤を該PRPK/TPRKB複合体と接触させることと、
(d)該試験剤と該PRPK/TPRKB複合体との相互作用の量を測定すること、
とを含み、
該基準剤が、下記式I:
R1、R2、R3及びR4は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル、C1-6アルコキシ又は−N(R5)2であり;
各R5は独立して水素又はC1-6アルキルであるか、又は2個のR5はそれらが結合した窒素と共に複素環を形成し;
R6は水素、ハロ、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R7は水素、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R8、R8'、R9及びR9'は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル又はC1-6アルコキシである)で表される化合物である、
方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、さらに
(e)第2のPRPK/TPRKB複合体を用意することと、
(f)前記試験剤を用意することと、
(g)該試験剤を該第2のPRPK/TPRKB複合体と接触させることと、
(h)該試験剤と該第2のPRPK/TPRKB複合体との相互作用の量を測定することと、
(i)前記(d)で測定した相互作用の量と前記(h)で測定した相互作用の量とを比較することと、
(j)前記(i)の結果、前記(d)で測定した量が前記(h)で測定した量よりも小さい場合に、該試験剤をPRPK/TPRKB複合体を調節する剤として同定すること、
とを含む方法。 - 前記試験剤(a)と基準剤(b)とのモル比(b/a)が20〜80である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記基準剤が以下からなる群より選択される化合物である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基準剤が標識されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記基準剤がアフィニティー試薬である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- PRPK/TPRKB複合体を調節する剤を同定する方法であって、
(a)PRPK及びTPRKBを含むPRPK/TPRKB複合体を用意することと、
(b)試験剤及び競合剤を用意することと、
(c)該試験剤及び競合剤を該PRPK/TPRKB複合体と接触させることと、
(d)該競合剤と競合する該試験剤を検出すること、
とを含み、
該競合剤が、下記式I:
R1、R2、R3及びR4は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル、C1-6アルコキシ又は−N(R5)2であり;
各R5は独立して水素又はC1-6アルキルであるか、又は2個のR5はそれらが結合した窒素と共に複素環を形成し;
R6は水素、ハロ、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R7は水素、ベンジル又はC1-8アルキルであり;
R8、R8'、R9及びR9'は独立して水素、ハロ、C1-6アルキル又はC1-6アルコキシである)で表される化合物である、
方法。 - 請求項7に記載の方法であって、さらに
(e)第2のPRPK/TPRKB複合体を用意することと、
(f)前記試験剤及び対照剤を用意することと、
(g)該試験剤及び対照剤を該第2のPRPK/TPRKB複合体と接触させることと、
(h)該対照剤と競合しない該試験剤と該第2のPRPK/TPRKB複合体との相互作用の量を測定することと、
(i)前記(d)で測定した相互作用の量と前記(h)で測定した相互作用の量とを比較することと、
(j)前記競合剤と競合するが、該対照剤と競合しない該試験剤を、PRPK/TPRKB複合体を調節する剤として同定すること、
とを含む方法。 - 前記試験剤(a)と競合剤(b)とのモル比(b/a)が20〜80である、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
- 前記競合剤が以下からなる群より選択される化合物である、請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記競合剤が標識されている、請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記競合剤がアフィニティー試薬である、請求項7〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記PRPK/TPRKB複合体が、PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、並びにLAGE3及びそのホモログを含むKEOPS複合体である、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- PRPK、TPRKB、OSGEP、又はLAGE3若しくはそのホモログを調節する剤が同定される、請求項13に記載の方法。
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