JP5839092B2 - Optical amplification device and optical amplification medium - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technical field of an optical amplifying apparatus and an optical amplifying medium that are provided between nodes of an optical communication system and are configured by optical fibers or the like.

  With the recent increase in communication traffic, demand for optical communication systems is increasing. This type of device has an optical amplifier for wavelength multiplexing (EDFA: Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) for each transmission line, amplifies signal light propagating through the transmission line, and realizes large capacity and long-distance transmission. Amplification relay systems are the mainstream. An EDFA is an example of a signal light amplifying device using an optical fiber having a core doped with a rare earth element erbium, and generates an inversion distribution inside the core by irradiating the optical fiber with excitation light. Thus, the signal light propagating through the core is amplified. However, when an EDFA is used, transmission due to the degradation of S / N, which is the ratio of signal light power to noise light power, due to the influence of noise light (ASE: Amplified Spontaneous Emission) caused by spontaneous emission generated inside the core. Properties may be degraded.

  The following prior art documents describe a configuration in which a fiber grating for removing a specific wavelength component from the core is provided in the optical fiber in order to remove the influence of the ASE.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-121838 JP 2000-244040 A

  ASE occurs when natural light mixed in an erbium-doped optical fiber is amplified by an inversion distribution. For example, the above-described prior art documents describe a configuration in which a fiber grating is provided on the upstream side of an erbium-doped optical fiber. However, the fiber grating thus provided cannot remove ASE generated in the downstream region in the erbium-doped optical fiber, and is not necessarily sufficient in terms of improvement in S / N.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can suitably remove excess light such as noise light generated in an optical fiber for optical amplification, thereby improving the amplification characteristics and transmission characteristics of signal light. It is an object to provide an optical amplification device and an optical amplification medium.

  In order to solve the above problems, an optical amplification device disclosed is an optical amplification device that amplifies signal light, and includes an optical amplification medium having a core through which signal light propagates and light propagating through the core of the optical amplification medium. A removing means for removing light belonging to a predetermined wavelength range from the core of the optical amplification medium. The predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing unit is determined according to the position along the propagation direction of the signal light in the optical amplification medium. Specifically, in a predetermined wavelength range determined according to the distance from the input end or the output end of the signal light to the optical amplification medium in the propagation direction (in other words, the longitudinal direction) of the signal light in the optical amplification medium Light is removed by the removing means. The term “removal” means that at least removal from the core, which is a light transmission path in the optical amplification medium, prevents the subsequent propagation in the optical amplification medium.

  In order to solve the above problems, the disclosed optical amplifying medium is an optical amplifying medium having a core through which signal light propagates, and a removing means is formed. The removing means amplifies light belonging to a predetermined wavelength range determined according to a position along the propagation direction of the signal light in the optical amplifying medium out of the light propagating in the core of the optical amplifying medium. Remove from within the media core.

According to the operations of the optical amplifying device and the optical amplifying medium described above, the signal light propagating in the optical amplifying medium is amplified by the inversion distribution generated in the core of the optical amplifying medium. More specifically, for example, by irradiating excitation light into an optical amplification medium to which a rare earth such as erbium is added, electrons in the optical amplification medium are excited from the ground state, and an inversion distribution is generated. The signal light is amplified by propagating the signal light through the inversion distribution. The inversion distribution generated in the optical amplifying medium has a relatively high inversion distribution rate near the end where the excitation light is incident, and is excited toward the other end. The inversion distribution rate decreases as the optical power decreases. Further, the amplification gain for each wavelength of light propagating in the optical amplification medium varies depending on the inversion distribution ratio in the optical amplification medium.

  Accordingly, by appropriately determining which wavelength is to be removed at which position of the optical amplifying medium according to the wavelength of the signal light, the excitation light rate by the excitation light and the transmission characteristics of the signal light are changed. According to the disclosed optical amplification device, the wavelength of light to be removed differs depending on the position along the propagation direction of the signal light in the optical amplification medium, so that light in a desired band can be removed at a desired position. . For this reason, generation of noise light can be suppressed in the entire optical amplification medium.

  Further, according to the disclosed optical amplifying apparatus and optical amplifying medium, a predetermined wavelength within the signal light band can also be removed from the core of the optical amplifying medium. As described above, since the amplification gain for each wavelength of light propagating in the optical amplification medium differs depending on the inversion distribution ratio in the optical amplification medium, a difference in amplification gain for each wavelength may occur even in the signal light band. is there. Therefore, by selectively removing wavelength components with relatively high amplification gain, it is possible to flatten the gain difference due to the difference in amplification gain for each wavelength, resulting in improved signal light transmission efficiency. It leads to.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the optical amplifier in an optical communication system. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the fiber grating formed in an optical amplification medium. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the propagation distance of the excitation light in an optical amplification medium, and the inversion distribution rate produced by excitation light. It is a graph which shows the gain wavelength characteristic for every inversion distribution rate in an optical amplification medium. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the propagation distance in an optical amplification medium, and optical power. It is a figure which shows the example of the fiber grating provided in an optical amplification medium. It is a figure which shows the structure of the 1st modification of an optical amplifier. It is a table | surface which shows the example of the wavelength range with which it is preferable to remove with respect to the signal zone | band of input signal light. It is a graph which shows the reflection spectrum of the light removed in a fiber grating. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the temperature of a fiber grating, and the wavelength of the light removed. It is a graph which shows the aspect of the shift of the reflected wavelength according to a signal light wavelength. It is a figure which shows the structure of the 2nd modification of an optical amplifier. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the tension | tensile_strength added to an optical amplification medium, and the wavelength of the light removed by a fiber grating. It is a graph which shows the ratio of the removal amount of the light in a signal zone | band and the signal band outside. It is a graph which shows the example of the ratio of the reduction amount per unit length of the excitation light in an optical amplification medium, and the ratio of the worst noise.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(1) Configuration Example A configuration of an optical amplification device 1 that is an embodiment of the disclosed optical amplification device will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of an optical amplifying apparatus 1 provided in an optical communication system using an optical fiber.

  The optical amplifying apparatus 1 includes an optical fiber F through which signal light L is propagated, an input PD 20 and an output PD 70 that are signal light power measurement PDs (Photo Detectors), an optical amplification medium 30 to which rare earth is added, An excitation light source 40 that supplies excitation light to the optical amplification medium 30 is configured. The optical amplifying apparatus 1 further includes a control circuit 80 that receives the measurement values from the input PD 20 and the output PD 70 and controls the power of the excitation light supplied from the excitation light source.

  On the optical fiber F, a coupler 10 which is an optical branching device for causing a part of the input signal light Sin to enter the input PD 20 and a coupler 50 for introducing the pumping light EL from the pumping light source 40 into the optical fiber F. And a coupler 60 for causing a part of the output signal light Sout to be incident on the output PD 70.

  A part of the input signal light Lin propagating through the optical fiber F and entering the optical amplifying apparatus 1 is branched by the coupler 10 and enters the input PD 20. The input PD 20 measures the power of the received input signal light Lin and notifies the control circuit 80 as the input power Pin.

  The optical amplifying medium 30 is an optical fiber to which a rare earth such as erbium is added, for example, and is connected so that the signal light L can be input to the optical fiber F. An inversion distribution is generated in the optical amplification medium 30 by the excitation light EL supplied from the excitation light source 40, and the input signal light Lin passes through the inversion distribution and is amplified by stimulated emission.

  A removal member 31 that removes light in a specific wavelength range propagating in the core, such as a fiber grating, is formed inside the core of the optical amplification medium 30. The structure of the optical grating 30 and the fiber grating mentioned as an example of the removing member 31 will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical amplifying medium 30 viewed from a direction orthogonal to the direction in which light propagates. The optical amplifying medium 30 is an optical fiber including a core to which a rare earth such as erbium is added and a clad formed around the core. A fiber grating (or optical fiber Bragg grating: FBG) 31a, which is an example of the removal member 31, is a set of portions having a refractive index different from those of other portions formed by laser irradiation or the like on the optical amplification medium 30. In other words, the fiber grating 31 a is a set of Bragg diffraction gratings formed in the core of the optical amplification medium 30.

  The distance between the diffraction gratings of the fiber grating 31a (in other words, the distance between the parts having different refractive indexes) is set according to the wavelength range of the light to be removed. That is, for the purpose of removing light of a specific wavelength, the light of the specific wavelength is reflected by the diffraction grating surface by the diffraction grating provided at intervals set according to the wavelength. The fiber grating 31a is a so-called tilt type fiber grating in which each diffraction grating surface is formed with an angle that is not perpendicular to and parallel to the light propagation direction in the optical amplifying medium 30. According to the fiber grating 31a, the light having a specific wavelength is reflected by the diffraction grating surface and is incident on the clad, whereby the light having the specific wavelength is removed from the core. For example, the clad may be configured using an absorbing material that can suitably absorb light incident from the core.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the description will be continued. The excitation light source 40 is a light irradiation device such as a semiconductor laser that supplies the excitation light EL to the optical amplification medium 30. The excitation light EL emitted from the excitation light source 40 is combined with the input signal light Lin propagating through the optical fiber F in the coupler 50 and enters the optical amplification medium 30. The excitation light EL generates an inversion distribution by exciting electrons in the optical amplification medium 30. Note that the degree of inversion distribution and the like that changes appropriately according to the power of the excitation light EL and the like, and the amplification gain of the input signal light Lin in the optical amplification medium 30 is also in the optical amplification medium 30 as will be described in detail later. It changes in accordance with the inversion distribution ratio Ra indicating the degree of the inversion distribution. The excitation light source 40 is configured such that the power of the excitation light EL to be supplied can be appropriately changed under the control of the control circuit 80.

  Part of the output signal light Lout output from the optical amplification medium 30 is branched by the coupler 60 and enters the output PD 70. The output PD 70 measures the power of the received output signal light Lout and notifies the control circuit 80 as the output power Pout.

  The control circuit 80 is a circuit including a control CPU for controlling operations of the excitation light source 40 and other units, a memory for storing information, and the like. The control circuit 80 calculates the amplification gain of the input signal light Lin in the optical amplification medium 30 from the input power Pin of the input signal light Lin notified from the input PD 20 and the output power Pout of the output signal light Lout notified from the output PD 70. To do. In addition, the control circuit 80 receives a notification of the required value of the output power Pout of the output signal light Lout, such as the dynamic range of the optical device provided at the subsequent stage of the optical amplification device 1, and adjusts the amplification gain in the optical amplification medium 30. Therefore, control for changing the excitation light power of the excitation light source 40 is performed.

(2) Configuration Example of Fiber Grating The excitation light EL supplied from the excitation light source 40 generates an inversion distribution by exciting electrons in the medium as it propagates through the optical amplification medium 30. The inversion distribution ratio Ra indicating the ratio of the inversion distribution contributing to amplification in the optical amplifying medium 30 greatly depends on the distance in the light propagation direction. In the region near the incident end where the power of the excitation light EL is large and the signal light power is small, the inversion distribution ratio Ra is high. Since the power of the excitation light EL is used for excitation of electrons in the optical amplification medium 30, it is attenuated according to the propagation distance in the optical amplification medium 30. Further, since the amplified signal light receives energy from more excited electrons for further amplification, the inversion distribution ratio Ra also attenuates as the propagation distance increases. FIG. 3 is an example of a graph showing an aspect of the inversion distribution ratio Ra that attenuates in accordance with the propagation distance of the excitation light EL in the optical amplification medium 30. In the example shown in FIG. 3, there is a peak where the inversion distribution ratio Ra is highest at a position of about 5 m from the incident end in the optical amplifying medium 30, and the inversion distribution ratio is 5 m or more from the incident end depending on the propagation distance. Ra decays.

  Further, the amplification gain of the input signal light Lin in the optical amplification medium 30 changes according to the wavelength of the input signal light Lin and the inversion distribution ratio in the optical amplification medium 30. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength of the input signal light Lin and the amplification gain according to the inversion distribution rate in the optical amplifying medium 30.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the characteristic indicating the amplification gain (dB / m) per unit length in the optical amplifying medium 30 with respect to the wavelength of the input signal light Lin (hereinafter referred to as gain wavelength characteristic) is Different modes are employed depending on the inversion distribution ratio Ra in the optical amplifying medium 30. Specifically, when the inversion distribution ratio Ra is relatively high such as 70% or more, there is a peak in which the amplification gain is highest in a band of about 1530 nm to 1561 nm, which is generally called C-band. On the other hand, when the inversion distribution Ra is lower than 70%, the peak at which the amplification gain increases in the C-band is not conspicuous, and when the inversion distribution ratio Ra is lower than 30%, the amplification gain is further increased. There is a reverse peak that falls. On the other hand, in a band of about 1570.4 nm to 1607.04 nm, which is generally called L-band, there is a feature that the amplification gain increases when the inversion distribution Ra is lower than 70%.

  Based on the above description, the relationship between the respective powers of the signal light and the pumping light and the propagation distance in the optical amplifying medium 30 is as shown in the graph of FIG. That is, the power of the excitation light EL incident on the optical amplification medium 30 is attenuated according to the propagation distance in the optical amplification medium 30. On the other hand, the signal light incident on the optical amplification medium 30 with the input power Lin is amplified in accordance with the propagation distance in the optical amplification medium 30.

  In the graph of FIG. 5, in the region where the propagation distance in the optical amplifying medium 30 where the peak of the inversion distribution ratio Ra occurs is 0 to 10 m, as shown in FIG. 4, the band near 1530 nm (hereinafter simply referred to as the 1530 nm band). The amplification gain will be increased. For this reason, in this region, the amplification gain of the signal light and noise light in the wavelength region belonging to the 1530 nm band becomes high, and the S / N degradation may occur due to the amplified noise light. In addition, since light in the wavelength region belonging to the 1530 nm band selectively receives high amplification gain, there may be a difference in power due to the difference in amplification gain for each wavelength of light in the signal light band.

  On the other hand, in a region 10 m or more from the incident end, the amplification gain in the band near 1570 nm (hereinafter simply referred to as the 1570 nm band) increases. For this reason, in this region, the amplification gain of the signal light and noise light in the wavelength region belonging to the 1570 nm band becomes high, and the S / N deterioration may occur due to the amplified noise light. In addition, since light in the wavelength region belonging to the 1570 nm band selectively receives high amplification gain, there may be a difference in power due to the difference in amplification gain for each wavelength of light in the signal light band.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of the formation position and the wavelength to be removed of the fiber grating 31a which is a specific example of the removing means 31 formed in the optical amplifying medium 30. FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a first configuration example of the removing unit 31 in the optical amplification medium 30 provided in the optical amplification device 1. As shown in FIG. 6A, in the first configuration example, a fiber grating 31b for removing light belonging to the 1530 nm band is formed in a region from the incident end in the optical amplifying medium 30 to 10 m. A fiber grating 31c that removes light belonging to the 1570 nm band is formed in a region of 10 m or more.

  Due to the amplification effect of the optical amplification medium 30, the light belonging to the 1530 nm band selectively receives a high amplification gain in the region from the incident end to 10 m. Therefore, a large amount of noise light belonging to the 1530 nm band is generated by amplification within the region from the incident end in the optical amplifying medium 30 to 10 m. However, according to the fiber grating 31b, it is possible to selectively remove noise light belonging to the 1530 nm band that receives a high amplification gain in the region where the fiber grating 31b is provided.

  Thus, by removing noise light such as ASE that occurs naturally by the optical amplifying medium 30, the level of noise light in the light propagating through the optical amplifying medium 30 can be suppressed. Therefore, the inversion distribution in the optical amplifying medium 30 is suppressed from being consumed for amplification of noise light other than the input signal light Lin, and the amplification efficiency for the input signal light Lin is improved. In addition, there is an advantage that transmission characteristics such as S / N of the input signal light Lin are improved by removing noise light and suppressing amplification.

  On the other hand, due to the amplification effect of the optical amplification medium 30, the light belonging to the 1570 nm band selectively receives a high amplification gain in a region 10 m or more from the incident end. Therefore, a large amount of noise light belonging to the 1570 nm band is generated by amplification within a region of 10 m or more from the incident end in the optical amplification medium 30. However, according to the fiber grating 31c, it is possible to selectively remove noise light belonging to the 1570 nm band that receives high amplification gain in the region where the fiber grating 31c is provided.

  In addition, when the input signal light Lin incident on the optical amplifying apparatus 1 configured as described above includes a plurality of signal lights having different wavelengths belonging to the signal band, at least some wavelengths of the signal light May belong to the 1530 nm band or the 1570 nm band described above. At this time, signal light belonging to the signal band is also removed by the fiber grating. Specifically, signal light belonging to the 1530 nm band that receives high amplification gain in the region from the incident end to 10 m is selectively removed by the fiber grating 31b provided in the region from the incident end to 10 m. In addition, the fiber grating 31c provided in a region 10 m or more from the incident end selectively removes signal light belonging to the 1570 nm band that receives a high amplification gain in the region 10 m or more from the incident end.

  As described above, each wavelength included in the input signal light Lin is selectively removed with respect to a signal band having a high amplification gain from signal light having a plurality of different wavelengths included in the input signal light Lin. The effect of flattening the amplification gain for the signal light is obtained. For this reason, excessive amplification of signal light having some wavelengths in the signal band is suppressed, leading to improvement in amplification efficiency of signal light having all wavelengths included in the input signal light Lin.

  A second configuration example of the removing unit 31 included in the optical amplifying device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6B, in the second configuration example, a plurality of fiber gratings 31d and 31e that remove light belonging to the 1530 nm band in a region from the incident end in the optical amplifying medium 30 to 10 m. Are formed, and a plurality of fiber gratings 31f, 31g, and 31h for removing light belonging to the 1570 nm band are formed in a region of 10 m or more.

  In the optical amplifying medium 30 in which the inversion distribution occurs, the propagating light continuously receives the amplification effect. For this reason, the power of the input signal light Lin propagating through the optical amplifying medium 30 increases gradually as it is amplified continuously. On the other hand, noise light such as ASE is also continuously generated, and receives an amplification effect by propagating through the optical amplifying medium 30.

  According to the second configuration example of the removing unit 31, the 1530 nm band light is removed by the fiber grating 31d in the region up to 10 m from the incident end, thereby suppressing noise light belonging to the 1530 nm band and excessive signal light. Amplification is suppressed. Furthermore, noise light and excessive signal light belonging to the 1530 nm band newly generated on the output end side from the region where the fiber grating 31d is provided are removed by the fiber grating 31e.

  In a region 10 m or more from the incident end, the fiber grating 31f suppresses noise light belonging to the 1570 nm band and excessive amplification of signal light. Furthermore, noise light and excess signal light belonging to 1570 nm newly generated on the output end side from the region where the fiber grating 31f is provided are removed by the fiber grating 31g. Furthermore, noise light and excess signal light belonging to the 1570 nm band newly generated on the output end side from the region where the fiber grating 31g is provided are removed by the fiber grating 31h.

  As described above, according to the second configuration example of the removing unit 31, noise light generated continuously in the optical amplifying medium 30 and excess signal light are removed by a plurality of provided fiber gratings. Generation and excessive amplification of signal light can be suppressed.

  In the example described with reference to FIG. 6B, two fiber gratings 31d and 31e are provided in the region from the incident end to 10 m, but the 1530 nm band light is removed. More fiber gratings may be provided. In this case, the installation conditions such as the number of fiber gratings and the installation position may be appropriately determined according to the degree of generation of noise light and amplification of signal light.

  However, since the removal amount of signal light included in the 1530 nm band increases as the number of installed fiber gratings increases, an excessive increase in the number of installations leads to a reduction in amplification gain of signal light. At this time, deterioration of amplification efficiency due to excessive removal of the input signal light Lin and deterioration of noise characteristics such as S / N may occur. For this reason, at least either the number of installed fiber gratings or the amount of light removal in each fiber grating, at least a mode capable of realizing a suitable signal light amplification efficiency or noise characteristics, is determined by experiment or simulation. Is preferred.

  The removal amount of light in each fiber grating is in accordance with the reflectance in the fiber grating, and the reflectance varies depending on the wavelength of light to be reflected (in other words, to be removed). The reflectance in the fiber grating depends on the fiber grating length and the degree of modulation of the refractive index in each fiber grating. Therefore, when the number of installed fiber gratings is increased, a suitable light removal amount can be set by appropriately changing the length of each fiber grating and the degree of modulation of the refractive index.

  When multiple fiber gratings are provided, if the installation position is densely provided in a part of the area, after removal by one fiber grating, before the generation of noise light or excessive signal light amplification occurs, the next fiber Removal by the grating is performed. In this case, while the noise characteristic improvement effect due to the removal of noise light is reduced, the amount of light removal in the signal band belonging to the 1530 nm band is increased, so that the signal light amplification effect may be deteriorated.

  Accordingly, the installation position when a plurality of fiber gratings are provided is set at a second position separated by a predetermined distance so as to remove newly generated noise light and excess signal light in the area after removal by the first fiber grating. It is preferable that a fiber grating is provided. Further, when the third fiber grating is provided, it is preferable that the third fiber grating is provided at a position separated from the second fiber grating on the output end side by the predetermined distance. Further, in the case of a mode in which a large number of fiber gratings are provided, the installation position of the first fiber grating is set at a position separated from the incident end by a predetermined distance, and thereafter, the predetermined distance is set as a constant interval and is periodically or distributedly. The installation position may be set. At this time, it is preferable to determine the installation position of the fiber grating that can obtain the amplification efficiency and noise characteristics of a suitable signal band by, for example, experiments or simulations.

  The same applies to the fiber grating for removal in the 1570 nm band provided in a region 10 m or more away from the incident end.

  A third configuration example of the removing unit 31 included in the optical amplifying device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6C, in the third configuration example, the fiber grating 31i for removing light belonging to the 1530 nm band is continuously provided in the region from the incident end in the optical amplifying medium 30 to 10 m. A fiber grating 31j that removes light belonging to the 1570 nm band is continuously formed in a region from 10 m to the output end formed from the input end.

  Even with this configuration, it is possible to remove suppression of continuously generated noise light and excessive signal light. In the third configuration example, the length of the fiber grating formed in the optical amplifying medium 30 is increased as compared with the first configuration example and the second configuration example. For this reason, the removal amount of light per unit length is set relatively low by appropriately adjusting the degree of modulation of the refractive index in the fiber grating so that the removal amount of light in the signal band does not become excessive. It is preferable. In this case, it is also beneficial in that the fiber grating can be manufactured relatively easily.

(3) Modification that enables change of wavelength range of light to be removed As a modification of the optical amplifying apparatus 1, a configuration that enables change of the wavelength range of light that is removed by the removal member 31 in the optical amplification medium 30 is possible. Will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of an optical amplifying device 1-1 that is a first modification of the optical amplifying device 1. As shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 may have the same configuration as the above-described optical amplifying apparatus 1 unless otherwise specified, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the optical amplifying device 1-1 includes a reflection control unit 90 connected to the control circuit 80, and the optical amplification medium 30 and the removal in the optical amplification medium 30 connected to the reflection control unit 90. A temperature adjusting unit 91 for adjusting the temperature of the fiber grating 31a as an example of the means 31 is provided.

  The reflection control unit 90 is a circuit having an arithmetic circuit including a CPU and storage means such as a memory. The reflection control unit 90 receives an input of the wavelength of the input signal light Lin from the control circuit 80 or an external circuit, and notifies the temperature adjustment unit 91 of an instruction for temperature adjustment. Specifically, based on the wavelength of the input signal light Lin, the reflection control unit 90 determines the amount of light removed from the fiber grating 31a for the wavelength, and gives an instruction to the temperature adjustment unit 91.

  The temperature adjusting unit 91 is a heater for adjusting the temperature of an optical fiber to which rare earth as an example of the optical amplifying medium 30 is added, and the temperature of the optical amplifying medium 30 and the fiber grating 31a based on an instruction from the reflection control unit 90. Is changed, the wavelength range of the light removed by the fiber grating 31a is changed.

  The reflection control unit 90 determines a wavelength range that is preferably removed from the wavelength range of the input signal light Lin, and instructs the temperature adjustment unit 91 so that the removal amount for the wavelength range is appropriate. The “wavelength range that is preferably removed” is intended to indicate a wavelength range that becomes noise light with respect to the wavelength of the input signal light Lin. By removing light in the wavelength range, the amplification efficiency of the input signal light Lin and the noise characteristics of the output signal light Lout are improved.

  The table of FIG. 8 shows an example of a wavelength range that is preferably removed with respect to the wavelength of the signal light included in the input signal light Lin. For so-called C-band signal light having a wavelength of about 1530 nm to 1561 nm, it is preferable that light in the 1529 nm and 1570 nm bands, which becomes noise light, be removed. For so-called L-band signal light with a wavelength of about 1570.4 nm to 1607.04 nm, it is preferable that light in the 1530 nm and 1570 nm bands, which becomes noise light, be removed. For signal light having a wavelength of 1530 nm, it is preferable that light in the 1529 nm and 1570 nm bands, which is noise light, be removed. For signal light having a wavelength of 1550 nm, it is preferable to remove light in the 1530 nm and 1570 nm bands, which is noise light.

  The reflection control unit 90 has a database or the like indicating a wavelength range that is preferably removed with respect to the wavelength of the input signal light Lin incident on the optical amplifying device 1-1 in this manner. The reflection control unit 90 refers to the wavelength of the input signal light Lin input from the control circuit 80 or the like, and determines a wavelength range that is preferably removed by referring to such a database.

  In general, when the fiber grating 31a is set to maximize the reflectance of a certain wavelength, the fiber grating 31a has a reflection spectrum that reflects with a predetermined reflectance even in the vicinity of the wavelength around the wavelength. The graph of FIG. 9 shows an example of the reflection spectrum of the light removal amount in the fiber grating 31a when a certain wavelength is set as the central wavelength at which the reflectance is highest. As shown in FIG. 9, the amount of light removal increases most with respect to the center wavelength, and gradually decreases with distance from the center wavelength.

  The reflection control unit 90 has data indicating the wavelength spectrum of such a removal amount in the memory for the fiber grating 31a in the optical amplification medium 30. The reflection control unit 90 determines the center wavelength to be removed in the fiber grating 31a with reference to the data indicating the wavelength range determined as described above that is preferably removed and the reflection spectrum of the removal amount of the fiber grating 31a.

  In the fiber grating 31a, the wavelength range of light to be removed changes according to the interval between the diffraction gratings. According to the operation of the temperature adjusting unit 91, the interval between the diffraction gratings in the fiber grating 31a can be changed by changing the temperature of the optical amplifying medium 30 due to thermal expansion or contraction. An example of the relationship between the temperature of the fiber grating 31a and the wavelength of light to be removed is shown in the graph of FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, in the fiber grating 31a, the wavelength range of light to be removed varies linearly according to temperature.

  The reflection control unit 90 has data indicating the relationship between the temperature of the fiber grating 31a and the wavelength of light to be removed in the memory. The reflection control unit 90 adjusts the temperature of the fiber grating 31a so that the center wavelength corresponding to the wavelength range determined to be removed is the removal wavelength in the fiber grating 31a. Instruction content for the unit 91 is determined.

  The graph of FIG. 11 shows how the center wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the fiber grating 31a is shifted under the control of the reflection controller 90. FIG. 11 shows a mode of shift between the wavelength removed by the fiber grating 31a when the wavelength of the input signal light Lin is in the signal band λa and the wavelength removed by the fiber grating 31a in the case of the signal band λb. It is a graph. In the example of FIG. 11, when the signal band λa of the input signal light Lin is A to B (B> A), the fiber grating 31a provided in the optical amplification medium 30 has a range of C (C <A) to A, And B to D (D> B). When the signal band of the input signal light Lin is changed from λa to the signal band λb that is in the range of C to B, the reflection control unit 90 adjusts the temperature so as to change the wavelength range of the light removed by the fiber grating 31a. The operation of the unit 91 is controlled. Specifically, the reflection control unit 90 changes the temperature of the portion where the wavelength range of light to be removed in the fiber grating 31a is set to C to A with respect to the temperature adjustment unit 91, and the wavelength range of light to be removed. Is set to E (E <C) to C. On the other hand, there is no need to change the portion where the wavelength range of the light to be removed in the fiber grating 31a is set to B to D, so that the temperature change is not instructed.

  According to the operation of the optical amplifying device 1-1 described above, the center wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the fiber grating 31a can be shifted according to the wavelength or signal band of the input signal light Lin. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress excessive amplification of appropriate signal light and generation of noise light according to a plurality of input signal lights Lin having different wavelength ranges.

  In the optical amplifying device 1-1 which is the first modification of the optical amplifying device 1, the optical amplifying device 1-1 is removed by changing the interval between the diffraction gratings in the fiber grating 31a by thermal expansion or thermal contraction in the optical amplifying medium 30. The wavelength of the emitted light is changed. However, the configuration may be such that the wavelength of light removed by the removal member 31 or the fiber grating 31a which is an example of the removal member 31 is changed by some other aspect.

  FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a basic configuration of an optical amplifying apparatus 1-2 that is a second modification of the optical amplifying apparatus 1. In FIG. 12, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 or FIG. 7 have the same configurations as those of the above-described optical amplifying apparatus 1 or optical amplifying apparatus 1-1 unless otherwise specified. The description is omitted.

  As illustrated in FIG. 12, the optical amplifying device 1-2 includes a tension sensor 92 connected to the reflection control unit 90 and an actuator 93.

  The tension sensor 92 monitors the tension applied to the optical amplification medium 30 and notifies the reflection control unit 90 of the tension. The actuator 93 is a motor that drives the optical amplifying medium 30 to apply a predetermined tension determined under the control of the reflection control unit 90.

  The reflection control unit 90 operates the actuator 93 so that the wavelength range determined as described above that is preferably removed and the center wavelength corresponding to the wavelength range is a suitable removal target, and the fiber grating 31a is operated. Adjust the spacing between diffraction gratings. The graph of FIG. 13 shows an example of the relationship between the tension applied to the optical amplifying medium 30 and the wavelength of light removed by the fiber grating 31a. As shown in FIG. 13, in the fiber grating 31a, the wavelength range of light to be removed varies linearly according to the tension applied to the optical amplification medium 30.

  The reflection control unit 90 has data indicating the relationship between the tension applied to the optical amplifying medium 30 and the wavelength of the light removed by the fiber grating 31a in the memory. The reflection control unit 90 determines the tension applied to the optical amplifying medium 30 so that the center wavelength corresponding to the wavelength range that is preferably removed is the removal wavelength in the fiber grating 31a. The operation of the actuator 93 is controlled so that the tension is applied.

  As described above, according to the optical amplifying apparatus 1-2 which is the second modification of the optical amplifying apparatus 1, the center wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the fiber grating 31a is shifted as in the optical amplifying apparatus 1-1. I can do it. Therefore, even when such a configuration is used, it is possible to suppress excessive amplification of appropriate signal light and generation of noise light according to a plurality of input signal lights Lin having different wavelength ranges. .

(4) Effect As described above, according to the optical amplifying device 1, and the optical amplifying device 1-1 and the optical amplifying device 1-2, the optical amplifying medium 30 that performs amplification of the propagation light by stimulated emission has a specific characteristic. By removing light of a wavelength, it is possible to improve the amplification efficiency of signal light and noise characteristics.

  As described above, there are two possible modes of removing light of a specific wavelength by the fiber grating 31a: removing light of a wavelength outside the signal band and removing light of the signal band. It is done.

  When only light outside the signal band is removed, by suppressing generation and amplification of noise light such as ASE, the energy of the inversion distribution in the optical amplifying medium 30 is reduced by amplification not related to amplification of light within the signal band. This can be suppressed, and as a result, the amplification efficiency of light within the signal band is improved. Further, since the power of the noise light can be kept low, the noise characteristics of the output signal light Lout can be greatly improved.

  Even in this case, it is conceivable that some removal of light in the signal band occurs due to the reflection spectrum of the removal amount by the fiber grating 31a. For this reason, the wavelength characteristics (for example, the removal amount, the center wavelength, and the half-value width) of the light removed by the fiber grating 31a are set so as to suppress the degradation of amplification efficiency and noise characteristics due to the removal of light within the signal band. Is required.

  On the other hand, when removing light within the signal band as well, by selectively removing light with a wavelength that receives a particularly high amplification gain within the signal band, excessive amplification is suppressed and the gain difference between the signal light wavelengths is reduced. It can be flattened. Thereby, the amplification efficiency of light within the signal band can be improved. Also, by removing light outside the signal band, generation and amplification of noise light such as ASE can be suppressed, and the amplification efficiency and noise characteristics of light within the signal band can be improved.

  On the other hand, by removing the light in the signal band, the amplification efficiency and the noise characteristics are also deteriorated. In particular, when the removal amount of light in the signal band is large, the amplification effect is excessively suppressed, and the amplification efficiency is greatly deteriorated. Therefore, it is preferable that the wavelength characteristic of the light to be removed is set with high accuracy so that the deterioration of the amplification efficiency and the noise characteristic does not exceed the improvement effect. In general, the fiber grating 31 a has high designability of a reflection spectrum related to reflectance, and is capable of setting wavelength characteristics with high accuracy, and is useful in configuring the removal member 31. Further, it is preferable that the amount of light removed within the signal band is set lower than the amount of light removed outside the signal band. The graph of FIG. 14 shows an example of the ratio of the amount of light removed for each wavelength. As shown in FIG. 14, it is preferable that the removal amount of light in the signal band is set to be less than about 10% with respect to the removal amount of light outside the signal band.

  In the graph of FIG. 15, as an effect of the optical amplification device 1, the ratio of the reduction amount per unit length of the excitation light EL in the optical amplification medium 30 compared with the case where the removal by the removal member 31 is not performed, and the worst noise An example with a ratio is shown. FIG. 15A is a graph showing the ratio of the reduction amount per unit length of the excitation light EL compared with the case without removal, and FIG. 15B shows the worst noise compared with the case without removal. It is a graph which shows the ratio of. In any case, the signal band of the input signal light Lin is a so-called extended L-band wavelength range of 1553 nm to 1607.04 nm, and removal with 1570 nm in the signal band as the center wavelength; This is combined with the removal having 1530 nm outside the signal band as the center wavelength. The removal amount per unit length in the optical amplifying medium 30 is a removal amount when the removal amount when the center wavelength is 1530 nm outside the signal band is 100%, and the removal amount when the center wavelength is 1570 nm within the signal band. The amount is (small) 1.11%, (medium) 1.20%, (large) 2.67%.

  As shown in FIG. 15A, the reduction amount per unit length of the excitation light EL is reduced by about 3% by removing the 1530 nm band outside the signal band. Further, by removing the 1570 nm band in the signal band, it is greatly reduced to about 5%. Further, by removing the 1570 nm band in the signal band together with the 1530 nm band outside the signal band, it is further reduced to about 8%.

  As shown in FIG. 15B, the worst noise of the output signal light Lout is greatly reduced to about 7% by removing the 1530 nm band outside the signal band. Further, by removing the 1570 nm band in the signal band, it is reduced by about 2%. Further, by removing the 1570 nm band in the signal band together with the 1530 nm band outside the signal band, the total is reduced by about 9%. As described above, the removal of light outside the signal band makes it possible to suppress the worst noise more greatly than the removal of light within the signal band, thereby greatly improving noise characteristics.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit or idea of the invention that can be read from the claims and the entire specification, and optical amplification accompanying such changes An apparatus, an optical amplification medium, and the like are also included in the technical scope of the present invention. For example, the optical amplifying device and the optical amplifying medium may be configured using a configuration other than the fiber grating as the removing means.

  The embodiments described in this specification are summarized in the following supplementary notes.

(Appendix 1)
An optical amplification device that amplifies signal light,
An optical amplifying medium having a core through which the signal light propagates;
Removing means for removing light belonging to a predetermined wavelength range from light propagating in the core of the optical amplification medium from the core of the optical amplification medium;
The predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing unit is determined according to a position along the propagation direction of the signal light in the optical amplification medium.

(Appendix 2)
Further comprising excitation means for generating an inversion distribution in the core of the optical amplification medium by supplying excitation light to the optical amplification medium;
The optical amplifying apparatus according to appendix 1, wherein the predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing unit is determined based on a wavelength of the signal light and a degree of inversion distribution in the optical amplifying medium. .

(Appendix 3)
The predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing means includes the wavelength of the signal light,
Supplementary note 1 or 2, wherein the removal means is set to reduce the amount of light having the wavelength of the signal light compared to light outside the wavelength of the signal light in the predetermined wavelength range. The optical amplifying device described in 1.

(Appendix 4)
4. The supplementary note 1, wherein the removing unit is a fiber grating including a Bragg diffraction grating formed in the core and having a predetermined angle with respect to a propagation direction of the signal light. The optical amplifying device described in 1.

(Appendix 5)
The optical amplifying apparatus according to appendix 4, wherein a plurality of the fiber gratings are formed in a predetermined cycle along the propagation direction of the signal light in the core of the optical amplifying medium.

(Appendix 6)
The optical amplifying apparatus according to appendix 4, wherein the fiber grating is formed over the entire length in the propagation direction of the signal light in the core of the optical amplifying medium.

(Appendix 7)
The optical amplifying apparatus according to appendix 4, further comprising changing means for changing the predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing means.

(Appendix 8)
The optical amplifying apparatus according to appendix 7, wherein the changing unit changes the predetermined wavelength range removed by the removing unit by changing an interval of the Bragg diffraction grating in the fiber grating.

(Appendix 9)
The appendix 7 or 8 is characterized in that the changing means changes the predetermined wavelength range removed by the removing means by changing the interval of the Bragg diffraction grating by expanding and contracting the fiber grating. The optical amplifying device described.

(Appendix 10)
From the appendix 7, wherein the changing unit changes the predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing unit by changing a distance of the Bragg diffraction grating by changing a temperature of the fiber grating. 10. The optical amplification device according to any one of items 9.

(Appendix 11)
Further comprising excitation means for generating an inversion distribution in the core of the optical amplification medium by supplying excitation light to the optical amplification medium;
The predetermined wavelength range removed by the removing means propagates in the core determined by the wavelength of the signal light, the wavelength of light propagating in the core, and the degree of inversion distribution in the optical amplification medium. The optical amplifying device according to appendix 1, wherein the optical amplifying device is determined based on an amplification gain for light.

(Appendix 12)
The optical amplification apparatus according to appendix 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined wavelength range removed by the removing means does not include the wavelength of the signal light.

(Appendix 13)
The optical amplifying apparatus according to appendix 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined wavelength range removed by the removing unit includes a wavelength of the signal light.

(Appendix 14)
An optical amplification medium having a core through which signal light propagates,
Of the light propagating in the core of the optical amplifying medium, light belonging to a predetermined wavelength range determined according to the position along the propagation direction of the signal light in the optical amplifying medium is transmitted in the core of the optical amplifying medium. An optical amplifying medium, characterized in that a removing means for removing the light is formed.

1 optical amplifier,
10, 50, 60 coupler,
20 input PD,
30 optical amplification medium,
31 removal member,
31a to 31j Fiber grating,
40 excitation light source,
70 output PD,
80 Reflection control unit.

Claims (15)

An optical amplification device that amplifies signal light,
An optical amplifying medium having a core through which the signal light propagates;
The second center wavelength removal amount of the first central removal amount of light component is out of the signal band of the signal light wavelength light amount removed is maximized among the light in the signal band of the signal light is maximized Of the light propagating in the core of the optical amplification medium, both at least a part of the light within the signal band and at least a part of the light outside the signal band, so that the amount of removal of the light component is low. Removing means for removing from the core of the optical amplification medium. It said removing means, said second center wavelength removal of light components of the first center wavelength removal amount becomes maximum removal amount of the signal band of light is maximized among the light in the signal band And removing at least part of the light in the signal band and at least part of the light outside the signal band so that the amount of the light component is less than 10% with respect to the removal amount of the light component. 2. The optical amplifying device according to 1. The optical amplification according to claim 1 , wherein the signal band includes a wavelength band having 1570 nm as the first central wavelength, but does not include a wavelength band having 1530 nm as the second central wavelength. apparatus. Further comprising excitation means for generating an inversion distribution in the core of the optical amplification medium by supplying excitation light to the optical amplification medium;
The removing means removes light belonging to a predetermined wavelength range from light propagating in the core of the optical amplification medium,
2. The optical amplification according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing unit is determined based on a wavelength of the signal light and a degree of inversion distribution in the optical amplification medium. apparatus.   The predetermined wavelength range removed by the removing means propagates in the core determined by the wavelength of the signal light, the wavelength of light propagating in the core, and the degree of inversion distribution in the optical amplification medium. The optical amplifying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the optical amplifying apparatus is determined based on an amplification gain for light. The predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing means includes the wavelength of the signal light,
5. The removal means is configured such that an amount of light having a wavelength of the signal light is set lower than light outside the wavelength of the signal light in the predetermined wavelength range. 5. The optical amplifying device according to 5.   7. The fiber grating including a Bragg diffraction grating formed in the core and having a predetermined angle with respect to the propagation direction of the signal light. The optical amplifying device according to item.   8. The optical amplifying apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of the fiber gratings are formed in a predetermined cycle along the propagation direction of the signal light in the core of the optical amplifying medium.   8. The optical amplifying apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the fiber grating is formed over the entire length in the propagation direction of the signal light in the core of the optical amplifying medium.   The optical amplifying apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a changing unit that changes the predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing unit.   The optical amplifying apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the changing unit changes the predetermined wavelength range removed by the removing unit by changing an interval between the Bragg diffraction gratings in the fiber grating.   The said changing means changes the said predetermined wavelength range which the said removal means removes by changing the space | interval of the said Bragg diffraction grating by expanding-contracting the said fiber grating. The optical amplifying device described in 1.   The said changing means changes the said predetermined wavelength range which the said removal means removes by changing the space | interval of the said Bragg diffraction grating by changing the temperature of the said fiber grating. 13. The optical amplifying device according to any one of 1 to 12. The predetermined wavelength range removed by the removing unit in a region from the incident end of the optical amplification medium to a predetermined distance is a wavelength range including a wavelength belonging to the C band,
The predetermined wavelength range to be removed by the removing unit in a region beyond the predetermined distance of the optical amplifying medium is a wavelength range including a wavelength belonging to an L band. The optical amplifying device according to item. An optical amplification medium having a core through which signal light propagates,
The second center wavelength removal amount of the first central removal amount of light component is outside the signal band of the signal light wavelength light amount removed is maximized among the light in the signal band of the signal light is maximized Of the light propagating in the core of the optical amplification medium, both at least part of the light within the signal band and at least part of the light outside the signal band, so that the amount of removal of the light component is lower. An optical amplifying medium characterized in that removal means for removing the light from the core of the optical amplifying medium is formed.

Images