JP5756016B2 - グルタミンシンセターゼ遺伝子の発現を不活性化する方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
グルタミンシンセターゼ遺伝子の発現を不活性化する方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
適用なし
本方法の実施、及び本明細書に開示されている組成物の調製及び使用は、他の意味であると示されていない限り、分子生物学、生化学、クロマチンの構造及び分析、計算化学、細胞の培養、組み換えDNA、及び当該技術分野の技術内容に入るような関連する分野における従来の技術を利用する。これらの技術は、文献に完全に説明されている。例えば、Sambrook et al.MOLECULAR CLONING:A LABORATORY MANUAL,Second edition,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1989 and Third edition,2001;Ausubel et al.,CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,John Wiley & Sons,New York,1987及び定期的な更新;METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGYシリーズ,Academic Press,San Diego;Wolffe,CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION,Third edition, Academic Press, San Diego,1998;METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY,Vol.304,「Chromatin」(P.M.Wassarman及びA.P.Wolffe編集),Academic Press,San Diego,1999;及びMETHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,Vol.119,「Chromatin Protocols」(P.B. Becker編集)Humana Press,Totowa,1999を参照されたい。
(定義)
用語「核酸」、「ポリヌクレオチド」、「オリゴヌクレオチド」は、同じ意味で用いられ、線状又は環状の形状で、一本鎖又は二本鎖の形態のデオキシリボヌクレオチド又はリボヌクレオチドのポリマーを指す。本開示の目的のために、これらの用語は、ポリマー長に関して限定があるものと解釈すべきでない。これらの用語は、天然ヌクレオチドの既知のアナログ、塩基部分、糖部分及び/又はリン酸部分で改変されたヌクレオチド(例えば、ホスホロチオエート骨格)も包含していてもよい。一般的に、特定のヌクレオチドのアナログは、同じ塩基対合特異性を有しており、すなわち、Aのアナログは、Tと塩基対合するであろう。
本明細書では、GS遺伝子を不活性化するために使用可能なジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)が記載されている。ZFNは、ジンクフィンガータンパク質(ZFP)と、ヌクレアーゼ(開裂)ドメインとを含む。
ジンクフィンガー結合ドメインは、選択した配列に結合するように操作されてもよい。例えば、Beerli et al.(2002)Nature Biotechnol.20:135−141;Pabo et al.(2001)Ann.Rev.Biochem.70:313−340;Isalan et al.(2001)Nature Biotechnol.19:656−660;Segal et al.(2001)Curr.Opin.Biotechnol.12:632−637;Choo et al.(2000)Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol.10:411−416を参照されたい。操作されたジンクフィンガー結合ドメインは、天然に存在するジンクフィンガータンパク質と比較して、新しい結合特性を有していてもよい。操作方法としては、合理的な設計及び種々の選択が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。合理的な設計は、例えば、3個(又は4個の)ヌクレオチドの配列及び個々のジンクフィンガーアミノ酸配列を含むデータベースを用いることを含み、それぞれの3個又は4個のヌクレオチドの配列は、特定の3個又は4個の配列に結合するジンクフィンガーの1つもしくは複数のアミノ酸配列と結合する。例えば、その全体が参照により組み込まれる、共同所有されている米国特許6,453,242号及び第6,534,261号を参照されたい。
ZFNは、ヌクレアーゼ(開裂ドメイン、開裂ハーフドメイン)も含んでいる。本明細書に開示されている融合タンパク質の開裂ドメイン部分は、任意のエンドヌクレアーゼ又はエキソヌクレアーゼから得ることができる。エンドヌクレアーゼから開裂ドメインを得ることが可能な例示的なエンドヌクレアーゼとしては、制限エンドヌクレアーゼ、ホーミングエンドヌクレアーゼが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。例えば、2002−2003 Catalogue,New England Biolabs,Beverly,MA;及びBelfort et al.(1997)Nucleic Acids Res.25:3379−3388を参照されたい。DNAを開裂するさらなる酵素が知られている(例えば、S1ヌクレアーゼ;マングビーンヌクレアーゼ;膵臓DNase I;ミクロコッカスヌクレアーゼ;酵母HOエンドヌクレアーゼ;また、Linn et al.(編集)Nuclease,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1993も参照)。これらの酵素のうち、1つもしくは複数の酵素(又はこれらの機能性フラグメント)を、開裂ドメイン及び開裂ハーフドメインの原料として用いてもよい。
本明細書に開示されている方法で、GS遺伝子に標的部位を有する任意のヌクレアーゼを用いてもよい。例えば、ホーミングエンドヌクレアーゼ及びメガヌクレアーゼは、非常に長い認識配列を有しており、そのうちいくつかは、統計的基礎に従って、ヒトと同じくらいの長さのゲノムに1つ存在すると思われている。GS遺伝子において標的を開裂するために、GS遺伝子内に固有の標的部位を有する任意のこのようなヌクレアーゼを、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼの代わりに用いてもよく、又はジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼに加えて用いてもよい。
本明細書に記載されているZFNは、任意の適切な手段によって標的細胞に送達されてもよい。適切な細胞としては、真核細胞及び原核細胞及び/又はこれらの細胞株が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。このような細胞又は細胞株の非限定的な例としては、COS、CHO(例えば、CHO−S、CHO−K1、CHO−DG44、CHO−DUXB11、CHO−DUKX、CHOK1SV)、VERO、MDCK、WI38、V79、B14AF28−G3、BHK、HaK、NS0、SP2/0−Ag14、HeLa、HEK293(例えば、HEK293−F、HEK293−H、HEK293−T)、perC6細胞、及び、Spodoptera fugiperda(Sf)のような昆虫細胞、又は、Saccharomyces、Pichia、およびSchizosaccharomycesのような真菌細胞が挙げられる。
GSゲノム配列を不活性化するために、開示されている方法及び組成物を用いてもよい。上述のように、不活性化は、細胞内でGS遺伝子の発現を部分的又は完全に抑制することを含む。GS遺伝子の不活性化は、例えば、1回の開裂事象によって、又は開裂した後、非相同末端結合によって、又は2箇所で開裂した後、この2つの開裂部位の間の配列を除去するように結合することによって、又はコード領域内にミスセンスコドン又はナンセンスコドンを標的として組み換えることによって、又は無関係な配列(すなわち、「スタッファー」配列)を標的として、遺伝子又はその制御領域を破壊するように、遺伝子又はその制御領域に組み換えることによって、又はスプライスアクセプター配列を標的として、イントロンに組み換え、転写物のミススプライシングを引き起こすことによって、達成することができる。
実施例1:ZFNの設計及び構築
A.グルタミンシンセターゼ(GS)のZFN
CHOゲノムの全配列は入手できないため、CHO GS遺伝子をクローン化し、配列を決定し、ZFN設計のための標的DNA配列を作成した。完全なCHO GS 配列が図13に示されており、イントロン及びエクソンも示されている。
DHFRを標的とするZFNを、米国特許公開第2008/0015164号に記載されているように設計し、製造した。本明細書に記載されている実験では、9461/7844及び9476/9477と称されるDHFR ZFN対(個々のZFNは表2に示されている)を用いた。
FUT8を標的とするZFNを、米国特許出願第12/218,035号に記載されているように設計し、製造した。本明細書に記載されている実験では、12176及び12172と称され、表3に記載されているFUT8のZFNを使用した。
GSを標的とするZFNが、内在性GSの遺伝子座を予想どおりに改変するか否かを決定するために、本質的には製造業者の使用説明書に従って、CEL−1ミスマッチアッセイを行なった(Trangenomic SURVEYORTM)。簡単に説明すると、適切なZFNプラスミド対を、血清を含有する培地で付着しながら増殖するCHO K−I細胞に、又は血清を含まない既知組成培地の懸濁物中で増殖するCHO−S細胞にトランスフェクトした。
GSが欠損したCHO細胞株を作成するために、実施例2に記載したCHO−K1をトランスフェクトしたプールと、CHO−Sをトランスフェクトしたプールとを限界希釈することによって、1個の細胞から誘導した株を単離した。ZFN標的領域の配列決定から、CHO−Sに由来する細胞株54個のうち17個(31%)が、少なくとも1つの破壊されたGS遺伝子を有しており、54個のうち8個(15%)が、変異アレルについてホモ接合体であり、2個が複合ヘテロ接合体であり、残りの7個がヘテロ接合体であった(1つは野生型アレルを含む)。CHO−K1に由来する細胞株では、配列分析によって、50個のうち18個(36%)が、少なくとも1つの破壊されたGSアレルを有しており、5個(10%)が所与の変異についてホモ接合体である。また、ホモ接合変異株の遺伝子型を示す図1Cを参照されたい。
ダブルノックアウト細胞株を作成するために、CHO−S GS-/-細胞株B3の背景に、DHFR遺伝子を標的とするZFNを用いた。上述のGSについて記載されている方法を用いたZFNが介在するDHFRのノックアウトは、米国特許公開第2008/0015164号に記載されている。
GS-/-DHFR-/-CHO細胞株IF1.6を用い、GS、DHFR、FUT8のトリプルノックアウトも作成した。米国特許出願第12/218、035号に記載されているように、タンパク質治療薬の発現において、非ヒト細胞、例えばCHOを用いて生じる異常なグリコシル化は、タンパク質産物の効能、半減期を変えることがあり、免疫原性さえも変えてしまうことがある。故に、非ヒト発現系において、タンパク質のグリコシル化をヒトに適用する方法が特に望ましい。CHO FUT8遺伝子は、GDP−フコースから、N結合したオリゴ糖のGlcNAcコアへのフコースの移動を触媒するα1,6−フコシルトランスフェラーゼをコードする標的である。エクソン10においてコードされる高度に保存されたFut motif IIにおけるアミノ酸残基の点変異によって、FUT8酵素が不活性化する。
また、不活性化したZFNを一緒に投与することによって、トリプルノックアウト細胞株を作成した。特に、CCR5、糖質コルチコイド受容体(GR)、PPP1R12C(アデノ随伴ウイルス組込部位又は「AAVS1」としても知られる)が不活性化しているK562細胞株も、これらの遺伝子座を標的にするZFNを同時に適用することによって作成した。
本明細書に記載したGS特異的なZFN(ヒトCHO細胞GS配列に対して設計されている)を、マウス細胞でも評価した。図11A及び図11Bに示されるように、GS内のZFN標的部位は、種族間でもよく保存されていた。
Claims (15)
- 請求項1に記載のジンクフィンガーDNA結合ドメインと、少なくとも1つの開裂ドメイン又は少なくとも1つの開裂ハーフドメインとを含む、融合タンパク質。
- 前記開裂ハーフドメインが、野生型FokI開裂ハーフドメイン又は操作されたFokI開裂ハーフドメインである、請求項2に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のジンクフィンガーDNA結合ドメイン又は融合タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のジンクフィンガーDNA結合ドメイン又は融合タンパク質又は請求項4に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む、単離された細胞。
- グルタミンシンセターゼ(GS)遺伝子が、請求項1に記載のジンクフィンガーDNA結合ドメインを有するヌクレアーゼによって部分的又は完全に不活性化されており、当該GS遺伝子の不活性化が、GS遺伝子のエクソン2又はエクソン6の、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼにより誘導される突然変異によるものである、細胞株。
- 細胞において、細胞内在性GS遺伝子を不活性化する方法であって、この方法が、
(a)第1のポリペプチドをコードする第1の核酸を細胞に導入することを含み、この第1のポリペプチドが、
(i)請求項1に記載のジンクフィンガーDNA結合ドメインと、
(ii)開裂ドメインとを含み、その結果、前記ポリペプチドが前記細胞内で発現し、それによって、前記ポリペプチドが前記標的部位に結合し、前記GS遺伝子を開裂させる、方法。 - 第2のポリペプチドをコードする核酸を導入することをさらに含み、この第2のポリペプチドが、
(i)前記GS遺伝子の第2の標的部位に結合するように操作されたジンクフィンガーDNA結合ドメインと、
(ii)開裂ドメインとを含み、その結果、前記第2のポリペプチドが前記細胞内で発現し、それによって、前記第1のポリペプチド及び前記第2のポリペプチドがそれぞれの標的部位に結合し、前記GS遺伝子を開裂させる、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記第1のポリペプチド及び前記第2のポリペプチドが、同じ核酸又は異なる核酸によってコードされる、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞においてDHFR遺伝子を不活性化することをさらに含む、請求項7〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞においてFUT8遺伝子を不活性化することをさらに含む、請求項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 宿主細胞において目的の組み換えタンパク質を産生する方法であって、この方法が、
(a)内在性GS遺伝子を含む宿主細胞を得るステップと;
(b)前記宿主細胞の内在性GS遺伝子を、請求項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって不活性化するステップと;
(c)目的のタンパク質をコードする配列を含むトランス遺伝子を含む発現ベクターを、前記宿主細胞に導入するステップとを含み、これによって前記組み換えタンパク質を産生する方法。 - 前記目的のタンパク質が、α1−抗トリプシン抗体又はモノクローナル抗体を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- GS遺伝子が部分的又は完全に不活性化されている細胞株であって、この細胞株が、
(a)請求項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって、細胞内でGS遺伝子を不活性化することと、ここで当該GS遺伝子の不活性化が、GS遺伝子のエクソン2又はエクソン6の、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼにより誘導される突然変異によるものである;
(b)GS遺伝子が部分的又は完全に不活性化されている細胞株を作成するのに適した条件下で、前記細胞を培養することによって産生される、細胞株。 - 前記細胞が、COS細胞、CHO細胞、VERO細胞、MDCK細胞、WI38細胞、V79細胞、B14AF28−G3細胞、BHK細胞、HaK細胞、NS0細胞、SP2/0−Ag14細胞、HeLa細胞、HEK293細胞、perC6細胞からなる群から選択される哺乳動物細胞である、請求項14に記載の細胞株。
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KR101673566B1 (ko) | 2016-11-07 |
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CN102264915A (zh) | 2011-11-30 |
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AU2009311697B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
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US20150087067A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
EP2344660A2 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
IL212454A0 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
WO2010053518A2 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
EP2344660A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
JP2015147820A (ja) | 2015-08-20 |
US20100311124A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
US20100129869A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
AU2009311697A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
CN102264915B (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
CA2741119A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
KR20110075021A (ko) | 2011-07-05 |
IL238983A0 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
US8153399B2 (en) | 2012-04-10 |
US20130164785A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
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