JP5639665B2 - S−ニトロソグルタチオンレダクターゼのクロモン阻害剤 - Google Patents
S−ニトロソグルタチオンレダクターゼのクロモン阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5639665B2 JP5639665B2 JP2012552848A JP2012552848A JP5639665B2 JP 5639665 B2 JP5639665 B2 JP 5639665B2 JP 2012552848 A JP2012552848 A JP 2012552848A JP 2012552848 A JP2012552848 A JP 2012552848A JP 5639665 B2 JP5639665 B2 JP 5639665B2
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- Prior art keywords
- oxo
- chromen
- hydroxy
- benzoic acid
- gsnor
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- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QIQITDHWZYEEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 QIQITDHWZYEEPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWBEVAYYDZLQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-3-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C=1C=CSC=1 QTWBEVAYYDZLQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N vinorelbine ditartrate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC CILBMBUYJCWATM-PYGJLNRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
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- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
- A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
- A61K9/0078—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a nebulizer such as a jet nebulizer, ultrasonic nebulizer, e.g. in the form of aqueous drug solutions or dispersions
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
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- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/22—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D311/22—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
- C07D311/26—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
- C07D311/34—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 3 only
- C07D311/36—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 3 only not hydrogenated in the hetero ring, e.g. isoflavones
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- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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Description
[0011] 本発明は、S−ニトロソグルタチオンレダクターゼを阻害することを必要とする被検者においてそれをするための方法を提供する。そのような方法は、少なくとも1つのGSNOR阻害剤又はその医薬的に許容される塩、そのプロドラッグ又は代謝産物を少なくとも1つの医薬的に許容される担体と組み合わせて含んでなる医薬組成物の治療有効量を投与することを含む。GSNOR阻害剤は、本発明による新規化合物であっても、GSNORの阻害剤であることがこれまで知られていなかった既知の化合物であってもよい。
[0015] 本発明の実施又は検証には、本明細書での記載に類似しているか又は同等である方法及び材料を使用することができるが、好適な方法及び材料を以下に記載する。本明細書に言及するすべての公的に利用可能な出版物、特許出願、特許、及び他の参考文献は、その内容全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。抵触がある場合は、種々の定義を含めて、本明細書が基準となる。
[0017] 最近まで、S−ニトロソグルタチオンレダクターゼ(GSNOR)は、ホルムアルデヒドグルタチオン付加物、S−ヒドロキシメチルグルタチオンを酸化することが知られていた。これまでGSNORは、様々な細菌、酵母、植物、及び動物において確認されて、十分に保存されている。大腸菌(E. oli)、パン酵母(S. cerevisiae)、及びマウスマクロファージからのこのタンパク質は、60%以上のアミノ酸配列同一性を共有する。GSNORの活性(即ち、NADHが必須補因子として存在するときのS−ニトロソグルタチオンの分解)は、大腸菌、マウスマクロファージ、マウス内皮細胞、マウス平滑筋細胞、酵母、及びヒトのヒーラ細胞、上皮細胞、及び単球細胞において検出されてきた。ヒトGSNORのヌクレオチド及びアミノ酸配列の情報は、米国立生物工学情報センター(NCBI)データベースより、登録番号M29872,NM_000671の項目で入手することができる。マウスGSNORのヌクレオチド及びアミノ酸配列の情報は、NCBIデータベースより、登録番号NM_007410の項目で入手することができる。ヌクレオチド配列では、開始部位と終結部位に下線が施されている。CDSは、コーディング配列を明示する。SNPは、一塩基多型を明示する。他の関連したGSNORのヌクレオチド及びアミノ酸の配列は、他の種のそれを含めて、米国特許出願:2005/0014697に見出すことができる。
1.本発明の化合物
[0020] 本発明は、GSNORの強力な阻害剤である医薬品を提供する。特に提供されるのは、以下に図示される構造(式I)を有する、GSNORの阻害剤である置換クロモン類似体、又はその医薬的に許容される塩、立体異性体、又はプロドラッグである。
R1は、CF3、CF2H、CF2CH3、CF2CH2CH3、メチル、イソプロピル、イソブチル、シクロペンチル、CH2OCH3、SCH3、ベンジル、チオフェン−2−イル、及びチオフェン−3−イルからなる群より選択され;
R2は、H、F、Cl、メトキシ、及びシアノより選択され;そして
R3は、H、F、Cl、及びメトキシより選択される]。
[0022] 本発明のさらなる側面では、R1が、CF3、メチル、イソプロピル、及びイソブチルからなる群より選択され;そしてR2とR3がともに水素である。
4−(2−(ジフルオロメチル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−(メトキシメチル)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−イソプロピル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(2−シクロペンチル−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(2−ベンジル−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(チオフェン−2−イル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(チオフェン−3−イル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−イソブチル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−(メチルチオ)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(6−クロロ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(6−フルオロ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
2−フルオロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
3−クロロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(2−(1,1−ジフルオロエチル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−6−メトキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
2−クロロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(2−(1,1−ジフルオロプロピル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)−3−メトキシ安息香酸;及び
4−(6−シアノ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸が含まれる。
[0032] 実施例1〜21は、式Iの代表的な新規クロモン類似体を収載する。各化合物を製造するために使用し得る合成法については、実施例1の前に図示した合成スキームを参照にして、そして実施例23に記載される中間体を参照にして、実施例1〜21に詳しく記載する。実施例1〜21には、各化合物の裏付けとなる質量分析法データとプロトンNMRデータも含まれる。実施例24に記載のアッセイによってGSNOR阻害剤の活性を定量して、IC50値を入手した。GSNOR阻害化合物、実施例1〜21は、約5μM未満のIC50を有した。GSNOR阻害化合物、実施例1、2、3、5、6、10、13、14、15、16、18、19、20は、約0.5μM未満のIC50を有した。GSNOR阻害化合物、実施例1、10、14、15、16、18、及び20は、約0.1μM未満のIC50を有した。
[0033] 本明細書に使用するように、「約」は、当業者によって理解されて、それが使用される文脈に依ってある程度変化する可能性がある。それが使用される文脈があっても、当業者に明らかでないこの用語の使用があるならば、「約」は、その特定用語のプラス又はマイナス10%までを意味するものである。
[0045] 本発明には、本明細書に記載の少なくとも1つのGSNOR阻害剤と少なくとも1つの医薬的に許容される担体を含んでなる医薬組成物が含まれる。好適な担体については、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる「レミントン:科学と実践(Remington: The Science and Practice)」第20版(出版元:リッピンコット・ウィリアムズ・アンド・ウィルキンス)に記載されている。本発明による医薬組成物は、1以上の非GSNOR阻害活性薬剤も含んでよい。
[0060] 本発明には、本発明の組成物を含んでなるキットも含まれる。そのようなキットは、例えば、(1)少なくとも1つのGSNOR阻害剤;及び(2)溶媒又は溶液のような、少なくとも1つの医薬的に許容される担体を含むことができる。追加のキット成分には、例えば:(1)安定化剤、緩衝剤、等のような、本明細書において明確化した医薬的に許容される賦形剤のあらゆるもの、(2)キット成分を保持及び/又は混合するための少なくとも1つの容器、バイアル、又は同様の器具;及び(3)吸入器、ネブライザー、シリンジ、等のような送達器具が含まれてもよい。
[0061] 本発明のGSNOR阻害剤は、既知の合成の方法論を使用して、又は既知の合成の方法論の変更により、容易に合成することができる。当業者に容易に認められるように、以下に記載の方法論は、多様な置換基を有するクロモンの合成を可能にする。以下の実施例において、例示の合成法を記載する。
[0066] 本発明には、開示される化合物の1以上の使用を通して医学的状態を予防するか又は治療する(例えば、その1以上の症状を軽減する)方法が含まれる。この方法は、治療有効量のGSNOR阻害剤を必要とする患者へそれを投与することを含む。本発明の組成物は、予防療法へも使用することができる。
[0091] 本発明の化合物又はその医薬的に許容される塩、又はそのプロドラッグ又は代謝産物は、そのような化合物の存在が有益であり得る状況において、様々な器具へ適用することができる。そのような器具は、どのデバイス又は容器であってもよい(例えば、患者への埋め込みに先立って外科用メッシュ又は心臓血管ステントをコートするのにGSNOR阻害剤を使用し得る埋め込みデバイス)。本発明のGSNOR阻害剤はまた、in vitro アッセイ目的又は細胞を培養するための様々な器具へ適用することができる。
本発明は、以下の態様を包含する。
(1) 式(I)の化合物:
(2) R1が、CF3、CF2H、及びCF2CH3からなる群より選択され、R2が水素である、(1)の化合物。
(3) R1が、CF3、メチル、イソプロピル、及びイソブチルからなる群より選択され、R2とR3がともに水素である、(1)の化合物。
(4) R1が、CF3、メチル、イソプロピル、イソブチル、CF2H、CF2CH3、及びCF2CH2CH3からなる群より選択され、R2とR3がともに水素である、(1)の化合物。
(5) 4−(2−(ジフルオロメチル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−(メトキシメチル)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−イソプロピル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(2−シクロペンチル−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(2−ベンジル−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(チオフェン−2−イル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(チオフェン−3−イル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−イソブチル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−(メチルチオ)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(6−クロロ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(6−フルオロ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 2−フルオロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 3−クロロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(2−(1,1−ジフルオロエチル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−6−メトキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 2−クロロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(2−(1,1−ジフルオロプロピル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸; 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)−3−メトキシ安息香酸;及び 4−(6−シアノ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;からなる群より選択される、(1)の化合物。
(6) (1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の化合物の治療有効量を医薬的に許容される担体又は賦形剤と一緒に含んでなる医薬組成物。
(7) 疾患又は状態の治療を必要とする患者へ(1)〜(5)のいずれかに定義される式Iの化合物の治療有効量を投与することを含む、疾患または状態の治療方法。
(8) (1)〜(5)のいずれかに定義される式Iの化合物を作製する方法。
[0096] (工程1) 4−(2−(ジフルオロメチル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸エチルの合成
中間体A−1a(450mg,1.5ミリモル)及びTEA(758mg,7.5ミリモル)の溶液へ2,2−ジフルオロ酢酸無水物(522mg,3.0ミリモル)を加えた。この混合物を120℃で4時間撹拌した。この反応混合物を室温へ冷やして真空で濃縮して茶褐色の固形物を得て、これをさらに精製せずに次の工程に使用した(400mg,74%)。
4−(2−(ジフルオロメチル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸エチル(400mg,1.16ミリモル)の1,4−ジオキサン(1mL)中の混合物へ濃HCl(1mL)を加えた。この反応混合物を一晩加熱して還流させた。この混合物を室温へ冷やして、濾過した。濾過した塊を水(5mL)で2回、そしてエタノール(2mL)で洗浄し、分取用HPLCによって精製して、白色の固形物(50mg,13%)を得た。
[00100] (工程1) 4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−(メトキシメチル)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸エチルの合成、b)条件の実例
中間体A−1a(450mg,1.5ミリモル)及びEt3N(825mg,7.5ミリモル)のDCM(5mL)中の撹拌混合物へ塩化2−メトキシアセチル(486mg,4.5ミリモル)を加えた。次いで、この混合物を室温で5時間撹拌した。この溶液を減圧下に除去して、残渣を水(50mL)で希釈し、酢酸エチル(50mLx3)で抽出した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、濃縮してシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(PE:EA=1:1)によって精製して、4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−(メトキシメチル)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸エチル(84mg,16%)を黄色のオイルとして得た。MS (ESI): m/z 355.0 [M+1]+。
一般スキーム1、c)条件(分取用HPLCによって精製)、詳しい例については実施例1の工程2を参照のこと。
[00107] 4−(7−(イソブチリルオキシ)−2−イソプロピル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸エチル(80mg,0.142ミリモル)のTHF(2mL)溶液へ水酸化リチウム(60mg,1.42ミリモル)の水(1mL)溶液を加えた。この混合物を室温で3時間撹拌した。TLC(PE:EA=3:1)は、この反応が完了していることを示した。有機溶媒を減圧下に除去し、塩基性の水層をDCM(10mLx2)で抽出して1N HCl溶液でpH4〜5へ調整し、沈殿を濾過によって採取し、真空で乾燥させて、実施例3(58mg,94%)を黄色の固形物として得た。
中間体A−1a(400mg,1.33ミリモル)のDCM(10mL)溶液へTFAA(1.39g,6.65ミリモル)を5〜10℃で加えた。添加後、この混合物を室温で1時間撹拌し、濃縮し、分取用TLC(PE:EA=2:1)によって精製して、生成物(280mg,56%)を黄色の固形物として得た。
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸エチル(23mg,0.06ミリモル)のジオキサン(0.5mL)溶液へ濃HCl(0.5mL)を加えた。この反応混合物を70℃で7時間撹拌し、室温へ冷やして、遠心分離させた。沈殿を水(1mLx2)で濯ぎ、真空で乾燥させて、実施例10(13mg,61%)を白色の固形物として得た。
中間体B(100mg,0.33ミリモル)及び二硫化炭素(127mg,1.67ミリモル)のDMF(5.0mL)中の撹拌混合物を0℃へ冷やして、NaH(24mg,1.0ミリモル)を加えた。この反応混合物を0℃で30分間撹拌した。次いで、MeI(94mg,0.67ミリモル)を加えて、この反応混合物を室温で3時間撹拌した。この溶液を水(10mL)で希釈し、DCM(50mLx3)で抽出した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、濃縮して、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(PE:EA=3:1)によって精製して、生成物(36mg(純粋ではない),30%)を得た。MS (ESI): m/z 357.0 [M+1]+。
乾燥ジクロロメタン(5.0mL)中の4−(7−メトキシ−2−(メチルチオ)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸メチル(36mg,0.101ミリモル)を窒素下に0℃へ冷やして、DCM中のBBr3(1.0M,0.2mL,0.202ミリモル)を速やかに加えた。次いで、この混合物を室温で一晩撹拌した。この反応物を水で反応停止させて、減圧下に濃縮した。残渣を分取用HPLCによって精製して、実施例11(8.2mg,25%)を灰白色の固形物として得た。
[00138] (データ) 1H NMR (MeOH-d4, 500 MHz, TMS): δ8.07 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 1.95 (t, JF-H = 18.5 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI): m/z 347.0 [M+1]+。
[00145] (データ) 1H NMR (MeOH-d4, 500 MHz, TMS): δ7.96 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (dd, J = 2.0, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.17-2.09 (m, 2H), 0.91 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI): m/z 347.0 [M+1]+。
一般スキーム1に従って、中間体JとTFAAより出発し、条件a)(ここでは、粗生成物をシリカゲルカラム(PE/EA=10/1〜3/1)によって精製した)を使用して製造した。
4−(6−ブロモ−7−メトキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸メチル(350mg,0.76ミリモル)のNMP(3mL)溶液へCuCN(340mg,3.8ミリモル)を加えた。この混合物を窒素の防護下に150℃で8時間撹拌した。この混合物を室温へ冷やして水(10mL)で反応停止させて、濾過した。このケークをアセトン(15mLx2)で洗浄した。濾液を真空で濃縮して茶褐色のオイルを得て、これを分取用TLC(PE/EA=5/1)によって精製して、生成物(125mg,40%)を黄色の固形物として得た。MS (ESI): 404.0 [M+1]+。
4−(6−シアノ−7−メトキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸メチル(120mg,0.29ミリモル)のDCM(3mL)溶液へBBr3(0.35mL,4.5ミリモル)を室温で注意深く滴下した。この添加が完了したとき、この混合物を2日間撹拌した。水を注意深く加えて、生じる混合物を酢酸エチル(10mLx2)で抽出した。合わせた有機相を塩水(5mL)で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥させて濃縮して茶褐色のオイルを得て、これを分取用HPLCによって精製して、実施例21(30mg,27.8%)を黄色の粉末として得た。
中間体A−1a(300mg,1.0ミリモル)の乾燥DMF(8mL)溶液へBF3・Et2O(1.2mL)を撹拌しながら10℃で注意深く加え、この添加が完了した後で、この混合物を室温まで0.5時間温めた。次いで、この反応溶液を60℃へ加熱して、MsCl(4mLのDMF中2mL)を加えた。次いで、この反応溶液を95℃まで5時間加熱した。この反応混合物を室温へ冷やして、氷水(30mL)へ注いで、EA(20mLx5)で抽出した。有機相を塩水(20mL)で洗浄し、乾燥させて真空で濃縮して、茶褐色のオイル(160mg,51.6%)を得た。MS (ESI): m/z 311.0 [M+1]+。
化合物:4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸エチル(160mg,0.52ミリモル)の1,4−ジオキサン(4mL)中の混合物へ濃HCl(2mL)を加えた。この反応混合物を一晩加熱して還流させた。この混合物を室温へ冷やして、濾過した。濾過した塊を水(5mL)で2回、そしてエタノール(2mL)で洗浄して真空で乾燥させて、実施例22(47.3mg,32.5%)を茶褐色の固形物として得た。1H NMR (MeOH-d4, 400 MHz, TMS): δ 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J = 8 Hz, 3H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H); MS (ESI): m/z 283.1 [M+1]+。
実施例23:中間体の合成
[00155] 上記の実施例において言及した中間体の合成について本明細書で記載する。例示の詳しい方法について、中間体A−1a及び中間体A−2aの記載において下記に示す方法1〜3に記載する。
[00173] 工程1:1−ブロモ−4−(ブロモメチル)−2−フルオロベンゼンの合成。1−ブロモ−2−フルオロ−4−メチルベンゼン(2.5g,13.3ミリモル)のトリフルオロメチルベンゼン(25mL)溶液へNBS(2.35g,13.3ミリモル)及びAIBN(945mg,6.7ミリモル)の混合物を、85℃で30分間、5分量で加えた。この混合物を85℃で3時間撹拌した。不溶物を濾過して除いて、濾液を蒸発させて、1−ブロモ−4−(ブロモメチル)−2−フルオロベンゼン(2.7g,77%)を淡黄色のオイルとして得て、これを次の工程に直接使用した。
[00178] 工程1:3−クロロ−4−メチル安息香酸メチルの合成。3−クロロ−4−メチル安息香酸(20g,117ミリモル)のMeOH(200mL)溶液へ塩化チオニル(25.6mL,352ミリモル)を0℃で撹拌しながら滴下した。この混合物を室温で5日間撹拌した。この反応物を濃縮した。残渣をEA(500mL)に溶かし、10% Na2CO3(250mLx2)、水(250mL)、及び塩水(250mL)で洗浄し、Na2SO4で乾燥させ、濾過して濃縮して、生成物(20.8g,96%)を黄色の固形物として得た。
[00184] 工程1:酢酸4−ホルミル−2−メトキシフェニルの合成。4−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシベンズアルデヒド(10g,66ミリモル)の30mLのTHF溶液へAc2O(8g,80ミリモル)とTEA(20g,198ミリモル)を加えた。この反応物を室温で一晩撹拌した。揮発物質を蒸発させて15gの生成物をオイルとして得て、これをさらに精製せずに次の工程に使用した。
[00189] 工程1:1−ブロモ−4−(ブロモメチル)−2−クロロベンゼンの合成。1−ブロモ−2−クロロ−4−メチルベンゼンを使用して、中間体Eの工程1に従った。
[00191] 工程3:2−(3−クロロ−4−(メトキシカルボニル)フェニル)酢酸の合成。中間体Fの工程4に従った。MS (ESI): m/z 229.0 [M+1]+。
[00194] 工程1:3−メトキシ−4−メチル安息香酸メチルの合成。3−メトキシ−4−メチル安息香酸より出発した(中間体Fの工程1を参照のこと)。MS (ESI): m/z 181.1 [M+1]+。
[00196] 工程3:3−メトキシ−4−(2−メトキシ−2−オキソエチル)安息香酸メチルの合成(中間体Fの工程3を参照のこと)。MS (ESI): m/z 239.1 [M+1]+。
[00198] 工程5:4−(2−(2,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル)−2−オキソエチル)−3−メトキシ安息香酸メチルの合成(中間体Fの工程5を参照のこと)。1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 500 MHz, TMS): δ 12.33 (s, 1H), 10.68 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J = 1.0, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (dd, J = 2.0, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.27 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H); MS (ESI): m/z 317.1 [M+1]+。
[00200] 工程1:4−(2−(5−ブロモ−2,4−ジメトキシフェニル)−2−オキソエチル)安息香酸メチルの合成。B−2と1−ブロモ−2,4−ジメトキシベンゼンを使用して、方法2の工程2に従った(中間体Aを参照のこと)。MS (ESI): m/z 395.0 [M+1]+。
[00202] 様々な化合物について、GSNOR活性を阻害するその能力を in vitro で試験した。GSNORの発現及び精製については、Biochemistry 2000, 39, 10720-10729 に記載されている。
実験モデル
[00208] マウスを使用して、GSNOR阻害剤の薬物動態を決定する。この種は、経口(PO)と静脈内(IV)の両方で試験品を投与することによって化合物のバイオアベイラビリティを評価するのに広く使用されている。IV又はPO投与のいずれかによる雄性BALB/cにおいてピーク活性の時点で血漿曝露を評価することによって、GSNOR阻害剤の効力を比較することができる。
GSNOR阻害剤のIV投与
[00209] GSNOR阻害剤の化合物10をリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(PBS)/10% Solutol(HS15)の澄明な溶液に戻し、0.2mg/mLの濃度を得て、マウスへ単回IV用量(2mg/kg)として投与した。動物に外側尾静脈より投薬した。イソフルラン麻酔下での心臓穿刺によって指定の時点(0.083、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、16、24時間)で血液試料(各動物で1mLまでの血液)を採取した。血液は、Li−ヘパリンを含有する試験管へ採取した。この血液試料を氷上に保存して、採取からほぼ30分以内に遠心分離させた。ラベルを付けたポリプロピレン管へ血漿を移して、LC/MS/MSによって分析するまで、−70℃で冷凍した。
[00210] GSNOR阻害剤、化合物10を40%プロピレングリコール/40%炭酸プロピレン/20%の5%ショ糖の澄明な溶液へ戻し、2mg/mLの濃度を得て、マウスへ単回経口用量(10mg/kg)としてガバージュにより投与した。イソフルラン麻酔下での心臓穿刺によって投薬後0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、12、16、20、及び24時間で血液試料を採取した。血液は、Li−ヘパリンを含有する試験管へ採取した。この血液試料を氷上に保存して、採取からほぼ30分以内に遠心分離させた。ラベルを付けたポリプロピレン管へ血漿を移して、LC/MS/MSによって分析するまで、−70℃で冷凍した。
[00211] 各時点での血漿試料について、LC−MS/MSを使用して、1ng/mLの定量下限(LLOQ)で分析した。血漿を分析して各試料中のGSNOR阻害剤の量を定量して、それぞれのGSNOR阻害剤について、関連するマトリックスにおいて回帰曲線を作成した。
IV部分のPK変数−AUClast;AUCINF;T1/2;Cl;Vss;Cmax;MRT
PO部分のPK定数−AUClast;AUCINF;T1/2;Cmax;Cl,MRT。
結果
[00214] IV投与:GSNOR阻害剤、化合物10の血漿レベルを投薬後24時間まで測定した。
実験喘息モデル:
[00216] 卵白アルブミン(OVA)誘発喘息のマウスモデルを使用して、GSNOR阻害剤について、メタコリン(MCh)誘発性気管支収縮/気道過敏反応に対する効力をスクリーニングする。これは、ヒトの喘息に類似した急性アレルギー喘息の表現型を提示する、広く使用されていて、十分に特徴づけられたモデルである。MChでのチャレンジに先立ってGSNOR阻害剤を投与する予防プロトコールを使用して、GSNOR阻害剤の効力について評価する。全身プレチスモグラフィー(Penh;Buxco)を使用して、増加用量のMChでのチャレンジに応じた気管支収縮応答を評価する。肺炎症の尺度として気管支肺胞洗浄液(BALF)への好酸球浸潤物の量も定量する。GSNOR阻害剤の効果を担体と陽性対照としてのコンビベント(吸入;IH)と比較する。
アレルゲン感作及びチャレンジのプロトコール
[00217] PBS中のOVA(500μg/ml)を等量の蒸留水中10%(w/v)硫酸アルミニウムカリウムと混合して、10N NaOHを使用してpH6.5へ調整後、室温で60分間インキュベートする。750xgで5分間の遠心分離後、OVA/ミョウバンペレットを蒸留水中の元の容量へ再懸濁させる。0日目に、ミョウバンと複合させた100μg OVA(生理食塩水中500μg/mLの0.2mL)の腹腔内(IP)注射液をマウスに与える。生理食塩水中のケタミン及びキシラジン(それぞれ、0.44及び6.3mg/mL)の0.2mL混合物のIP注射によってマウスを麻酔して、ボード上に背臥位で置く。各動物の舌の裏側に250マイクログラム(2.5mg/mlの100μl)のOVA(8日目)と125μg(2.5mg/mlの50μl)のOVA(15、18、及び21日目)を入れる。
[00218] 有意識で自由に動き、自発的に呼吸するマウスにおける最後のOVAチャレンジから24時間後に、Buxco チャンバ(ノースカロライナ州ウィルミントン)を使用する全身プレチスモグラフィーで、メタコリンへの in vivo 気道反応性を測定する。超音波ネブライザーによって産生する、エアゾール化した生理食塩水又は増加用量のメタコリン(5、20、及び50mg/mL)でマウスを2分間チャレンジする。気管支収縮の度合いは、同一マウスの気道抵抗性、インピーダンス、及び胸腔内圧の測定値と相関する、無次元の計算値である向上休止(Penh)として表す。それぞれの噴霧化チャレンジ後4分間のPenh読取り値を取って、平均化する。Penhは、以下のように計算する:Penh=[(Te/Tr−1)x(PEF/PIF)](ここでTeは無効化時間であり、Trは弛緩時間であり、PEFはピーク呼気流量であり、PIFはピーク吸気流量x0.67係数である)。最大値からユーザー定義の最大値百分率へ変化させるボックス圧力の時間が弛緩時間を表す。Tr測定は、最大ボックス圧力で始めて、40%で終える。
[00219] 気道過敏反応性の測定の後で、マウスを心臓穿刺によって失血させてから、両肺より、又は左肺を主気管支で結紮後に右肺より、BALFを採取する。0.05mLアリコートより全BALF細胞を計数し、残る体液を4℃、200xgで10分間遠心分離させる。細胞ペレットを10% BSA含有生理食塩水に再懸濁させて、スライドガラス上に塗抹標本を作製する。好酸球を0.05%エオジン水溶液と蒸留水中5%アセトンで5分間染色し、蒸留水で濯いで、0.07%メチレンブルーで対比染色する。
[00220] GSNOR阻害剤をリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(PBS)(pH7.4)において0.00005〜3mg/mLに及ぶ濃度で戻す。GSNOR阻害剤をマウスへ単回用量(10mL/kg)として、静脈内(IV)又は経口ガバージュのいずれかにより投与する。投薬は、MChチャレンジの30分〜24時間前に実施する。GSNOR阻害剤の効果を、同じやり方で投薬したPBS担体と比較する。
[00222] ベースライン、生理食塩水、及び増加用量のMChチャレンジに対するPenhの曲線下面積値を、GraphPad Prism 5.0(カリフォルニア州サンディエゴ)を使用して計算して、それぞれの(IV又は経口投与)担体対照のパーセントとして表す。片側ANOVA,Dunnetts(JMP 8.0,SAS研究所、ノースカロライナ州キャリー)を使用して、各試験内の処置群とそれぞれの担体対照群の間の統計学的な差を計算する。処置群とそれぞれの担体対照群の間のp値が0.05未満であれば、有意差があるとみなす。
実験モデル
[00223] マウスのデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(DSS)誘発性IBDの急性モデルを使用して、この疾患に対するGSNOR阻害剤の効力を探究する。急性DSS誘発IBDは、このヒト疾患で観察されるものに似た結腸中の病理学的変化を誘発する、広く使用されてよく特徴付けられたモデルである。このモデルとヒトの疾患では、結腸の陰窩内の上皮細胞が破壊されて、上皮壁の機能不全と続発する組織炎症、浮腫、及び潰瘍形成をもたらす。GSNOR阻害剤療法は、s−ニトロソグルタチオン(GSNO)レベルを回復させることによってIBDに益して、それにより上皮壁の機能不全を予防するか又は逆転させる可能性がある。
[00225] 飲料水中3% DSSの試験0日目〜5日目での投与によって、実験IBDを誘発する。GSNOR阻害剤をリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(PBS)(pH7.4)中0.2及び2mg/mlの濃度へ戻す。各マウスに1及び10mg/kg/日の用量で0.1ml GSNOR阻害剤溶液を連日IV投与してマウスを処置する。GSNOR阻害剤の投薬は、DSS投与の2日前に開始して、試験の最終日まで(−2日目〜7日目)継続する。担体対照としてPBSを使用して、GSNOR阻害剤と同じやり方で投与する。本試験の陽性対照としてコルチコステロイドのプレドニゾロンを使用して、毎日(−2日目〜7日目)3mg/kg/日の用量で経口投与する。
実験COPDモデル
[00227] マウスのエラスターゼ誘発性COPDの急性モデルを使用して、この疾患に対するGSNOR阻害剤の効力を探究する。エラスターゼ誘発性COPDは、このヒト疾患で観察されるものに似た肺中の病理学的変化を誘発する、広く使用されてよく特徴付けられたモデルである。このモデルとヒトの疾患では、気道閉塞、肺炎症、及び気胞拡大が明白である。GSNOR阻害剤療法は、これらの化合物の気管支拡張作用と抗炎症作用を介してCOPDに益する可能性がある。
[00229] 80μgパパインと20U/mg PPE/マウス/日の気管内(IT)点滴注入による試験0日目〜7日目の投与によって実験COPDを誘発させる。GSNOR阻害剤は、リン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(PBS)(pH7.4)中0.01、0.1、及び1mg/mlの濃度へ戻す。0.1、1、及び10mg/kg/日の用量のために各マウスへ0.1ml GSNORi溶液を連日経口投与(ガバージュ)して、マウスを処置する。担体対照としてPBSを使用して、連日の経口投薬により投与する。低分子アンタゴニストのSP CXCR2/R1(シェリングプラウ/メルク)[好中球及び単球の動員のためのサイトカイン走化性物質に対して受容体をブロックする]をコルチコステロイドのFlovent(グラクソ)と組み合わせて、本試験の陽性対照として使用する。SP CXCR2/R1は、50mg/kg/日で経口投薬する。Floventは、220μg/マウス/日で吸入により投薬する。マウスの第一群をGSNOR阻害剤、担体対照、又は陽性対照で7日間(試験8日目〜14日目)処置し、一方マウスの第二群は、GSNOR阻害剤、担体対照、又は陽性対照で14日間(試験8日目〜21日目)処置する。
[00231] メタコリンに対する in vivo 気道反応性は、有意識で自由に動き、自発的に呼吸するマウスにおいて、Buxco チャンバ(ノースカロライナ州ウィルミントン)を使用する全身プレチスモグラフィーで測定する。超音波ネブライザーによって発生させるエアゾール化生理食塩水又は増加用量(5、20、及び50mg/ml)のメタコリンでマウスを2分間チャレンジする。気管支収縮の度合いは、同一マウスの気道抵抗性、インピーダンス、及び胸腔内圧の測定値と相関する、無次元の計算値である向上休止(Penh)として表す。それぞれの噴霧化チャレンジ後4分間のPenh読取り値を取って、平均化する。Penhは、以下のように計算する:Penh=[(Te/Tr−1)x(PEF/PIF)](ここでTeは無効化時間であり、Trは弛緩時間であり、PEFはピーク呼気流量であり、PIFはピーク吸気流量x0.67係数である)。最大値からユーザー定義の最大値百分率へ変化させるボックス圧力の時間が弛緩時間を表した。Tr測定は、最大ボックス圧力で始めて、40%で終えた。
[00232] 気道過敏反応性の測定の後で、マウスを心臓穿刺によって失血させてから、左肺を主気管支で結紮後に右肺より、気管支肺胞洗浄液(BALF)を採取する。全BALF細胞を計数し、残る体液を4℃、200xgで10分間遠心分離させる。細胞ペレットを10%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)含有生理食塩水に再懸濁させて、サイトスピンを使用してスライドガラス上に塗抹標本を作製する。光学顕微鏡法による白血球(WBC)分析血液像算定用に Diff-Quik で細胞を染色する。上皮細胞を計数して、細胞全数より差し引く。標準の形態判定基準を使用して好酸球、マクロファージ、好中球、及びリンパ球の比率を算定し、白血球(WBC)全数の百分率として表す。
[00234] 10%緩衝化ホルムアルデヒドを含む25cm水圧での一定の陽圧下で両肺を膨張させてから、灌流固定する。この固定肺をパラフィンに包埋し、ヘマトキシリン及びエオジンで染色させ、光学顕微鏡法により検査する。平均線形切片(Lm)と平均等価肺胞径(D2)を計算することによって、気胞拡大を形態学的に定量する。
Claims (10)
- R1が、CF3、CF2H、及びCF2CH3からなる群より選択され、R2が水素である、請求項1の化合物又はその医薬的に許容される塩。
- R1が、CF3、メチル、イソプロピル、及びイソブチルからなる群より選択され、R2とR3がともに水素である、請求項1の化合物又はその医薬的に許容される塩。
- R1が、CF3、メチル、イソプロピル、イソブチル、CF2H、CF2CH3、及びCF2CH2CH3からなる群より選択され、R2とR3がともに水素である、請求項1の化合物又はその医薬的に許容される塩。
- 4−(2−(ジフルオロメチル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−(メトキシメチル)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−イソプロピル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(2−シクロペンチル−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(2−ベンジル−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(チオフェン−2−イル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(チオフェン−3−イル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−イソブチル−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−2−(メチルチオ)−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(6−クロロ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(6−フルオロ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
2−フルオロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
3−クロロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(2−(1,1−ジフルオロエチル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−6−メトキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
2−クロロ−4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(2−(1,1−ジフルオロプロピル)−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
4−(7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)−3−メトキシ安息香酸;及び
4−(6−シアノ−7−ヒドロキシ−4−オキソ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)−4H−クロメン−3−イル)安息香酸;
からなる群より選択される、請求項1の化合物又はその医薬的に許容される塩。 - 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその医薬的に許容される塩の治療有効量を医薬的に許容される担体又は賦形剤と一緒に含んでなる医薬組成物。
- 肺の障害を治療する方法において用いられる、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 医薬の製造における、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物またはその医薬的に許容される塩の使用。
- 前記医薬が肺の障害の治療用である、請求項8に記載の化合物またはその医薬的に許容される塩の使用。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその医薬的に許容される塩を医薬的に許容される担体又は賦形剤と混合することを含む、請求項6又は7に記載の医薬組成物の製造方法。
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EP (1) | EP2533637B1 (ja) |
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IT202200007988A1 (it) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-22 | Fondazione St Italiano Tecnologia | Derivati del 4-cromone come inibitori della polimerasi ¿ come agenti antitumorali e metodo per la loro preparazione |
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JP2013519680A (ja) * | 2010-02-12 | 2013-05-30 | エヌサーティー・ファーマシューティカルズ・インコーポレーテッド | 新規のs−ニトロソグルタチオンレダクターゼ阻害剤 |
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US8669381B2 (en) | 2014-03-11 |
EP2533637B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
US9717706B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
EP2533637A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
US20130274320A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
WO2011099978A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
EP2533637A4 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
US8481590B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
JP2013519670A (ja) | 2013-05-30 |
US20150352073A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
US20140163092A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
US20120295966A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
DK2533637T3 (da) | 2014-05-19 |
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