JP5555009B2 - エポキシ樹脂−カルボキシル樹脂混合物含有層を有する光導電体 - Google Patents
エポキシ樹脂−カルボキシル樹脂混合物含有層を有する光導電体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5555009B2 JP5555009B2 JP2010040473A JP2010040473A JP5555009B2 JP 5555009 B2 JP5555009 B2 JP 5555009B2 JP 2010040473 A JP2010040473 A JP 2010040473A JP 2010040473 A JP2010040473 A JP 2010040473A JP 5555009 B2 JP5555009 B2 JP 5555009B2
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- layer
- resin
- charge transport
- acid
- mixture
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- FCSHDIVRCWTZOX-DVTGEIKXSA-N clobetasol Chemical group C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CCl)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FCSHDIVRCWTZOX-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPIFXGVJQZCDTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1C=CC=C1 GPIFXGVJQZCDTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940008099 dimethicone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPSZHCXTGRHULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxazine Chemical compound O1ON=CC=C1 PPSZHCXTGRHULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005745 ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XWNVSPGTJSGNPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-chloro-1h-indole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C(=O)OCC)=CC2=C1Cl XWNVSPGTJSGNPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- DWXAVNJYFLGAEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2-ylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CO1 DWXAVNJYFLGAEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005059 halophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OHMBHFSEKCCCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-2,5-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CCC(C)O OHMBHFSEKCCCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WFKDPJRCBCBQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,2-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)=C WFKDPJRCBCBQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEOJXQORMIVKQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC#N HEOJXQORMIVKQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DCBBWYIVFRLKCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCNC(=O)C(C)=C DCBBWYIVFRLKCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJXJFORUMJEJPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(4-butyl-n-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)anilino)-4-phenylcyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl]phenyl]-n-(4-butylphenyl)-2,5-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1N(C=1C(=CC=C(C)C=1)C)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(CC=2)(N(C=2C=CC(CCCC)=CC=2)C=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 GJXJFORUMJEJPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CZGXZAVXMRSVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-carbamoyl-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NC(N)=O CZGXZAVXMRSVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRZZLAGRKZIJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxyvanadium phthalocyanine Chemical compound [V+2]=O.C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 YRZZLAGRKZIJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930184652 p-Terphenyl Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000090 poly(aryl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003050 poly-cycloolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XRVCFZPJAHWYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N prenderol Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CO)CO XRVCFZPJAHWYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006800 prenderol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZAWASVJOPLHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC#C PZAWASVJOPLHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ATZHWSYYKQKSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C ATZHWSYYKQKSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001016 thiazine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical compound S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical group OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
- G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
- G03G5/047—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure characterised by the charge-generation layers or charge transport layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
- G03G5/0614—Amines
- G03G5/06142—Amines arylamine
- G03G5/06144—Amines arylamine diamine
- G03G5/061443—Amines arylamine diamine benzidine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0612—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen
- G03G5/0614—Amines
- G03G5/06142—Amines arylamine
- G03G5/06144—Amines arylamine diamine
- G03G5/061446—Amines arylamine diamine terphenyl-diamine
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
<1>基体;前記基体上に設けられ、エポキシ樹脂とカルボキシル樹脂との混合物及び金属酸化物を含有する、下引き層;電荷発生層;及び少なくとも1つの電荷輸送層を含む光導電体。
<2>支持基体;前記基体上に設けられ、金属酸化物の混合物及びエポキシ樹脂とカルボキシル樹脂との混合物を含む下引き層;電荷発生層;及び電荷輸送層を含む光導電体。
<3>支持基体;エポキシ樹脂とカルボキシル樹脂の混合物、及び、例えば酸化チタン、を含む正孔阻止層;電荷発生層;および電荷輸送層を順に含む、剛体または可撓体である光導電体。
<4>基体;堅牢な、本明細書に記載の下引き層;及び、前記下引き層上に形成された、電荷発生層および1または複数の電荷輸送層等からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの画像形成層を含む、光導電性部材または光導電性デバイス。
<5>電荷発生層が電荷輸送層と基体の間に位置し、電荷発生層が樹脂バインダーを含む、光導電体。
<6>典型的には少なくとも基体層及び下引き層を備えた電子写真画像形成部材であって、前記下引き層が通常、前記基体と、前記下引き層の上に順に堆積される電荷発生層および電荷輸送層との間に位置する、電子写真画像形成部材。
<7>基体;前記基体上に設けられ、本明細書に記載の樹脂混合物と金属酸化物とを含む下引き層;電荷発生層;及び少なくとも1つの電荷輸送層を含む光導電体。
<8>基体;前記基体上に設けられ、金属酸化物とエポキシ樹脂とカルボキシル樹脂との混合物を含む下引き層;電荷発生層;及び電荷輸送層を含む光導電体。
<9>支持基体;樹脂混合物と金属酸化物とを含有する正孔阻止層;電荷発生層;及び少なくとも1つの電荷輸送層を順に含む、剛体または可撓体である光導電体。
光導電性基体層の厚さは、経済的な検討事項、電気的特性等の多くの要因によって決定される。この層の実質的な厚さは、例えば3,000μm超、例えば約500〜約2,000μm、また例えば約300〜約700μmであってもよく、または最小限の厚さであってもよい。ある実施形態では、この層の厚さは約75〜約300μmまたは約100〜約150μmである。
正孔阻止層形成用分散液は、18グラムのTiO2(MT−150W、日本のテイカ株式会社製造)と24グラムのフェノール系樹脂(VARCUM(登録商標)29159(オキシケム社製、キシレン/1−ブタノール=50/50中に約50パーセント)とを、キシレンと1−ブタノールの溶媒混合物(50/50混合物)中における固体重量比を約60:約40、全固体含量を約48パーセントとして、磨砕ミル中で0.4〜0.6ミリメートルサイズのZrO2ビーズを用いて6.5時間ミリングし、その後、20μmのナイロンフィルターを用いて濾過することで調製した。次いで、本明細書に記載した公知のコーティング技術を用いて、上記で作製した分散液を30ミリメートルのアルミニウムドラム基体に塗布した。160℃で20分間乾燥した後、フェノール樹脂中にTiO2を含む(TiO2/フェノール樹脂=60/40)厚さ約15μmの正孔阻止層を得た。
19.5グラムのTiO2(MT−150W、日本のテイカ株式会社製造)と、7グラムのエポキシ樹脂(EPON(商標)1001−T−75、450〜550エポキシ当量、トルエン中固体75パーセント、ヘキシオン・スペシャルティー・ケミカルズ(HEXION Specialty Chemicals)社から入手)と、9.46グラムのカルボキシル樹脂(PARALOID(登録商標)AT−81、Tg=40℃、酸価=65、芳香族溶媒150/ブチルセルソルブ=87/13中固体55.5パーセント、ローム・アンドハース社から入手)とを、キシレンおよび1−ブタノールの溶媒混合物(50/50混合物)中における固体重量比を約65:約17.5:約17.5、全固体含量約45パーセントとして、磨砕ミル中で約0.4〜約0.6ミリメートルサイズのZrO2ビーズを用いて6.5時間ミリングし、その後20μmのナイロンフィルターを用いて濾過することで正孔阻止層形成用分散液を調製したこと以外はそれぞれ比較例1(A)および比較例1(B)と同様のプロセスにより、2種類の光導電体(実施例1(A)および実施例1(B))を作製した。ここでは該分散液に0.3グラムの塩基触媒トリエチルアミンを添加し、1時間混合した上で、本明細書に記載した公知のコーティング技術を用いて、上記で作製した分散液を30ミリメートルのアルミニウムドラム基体に塗布し、180℃で20分間乾燥することにより、架橋されたエポキシ/カルボキシル樹脂混合物中にTiO2を含む厚さ約15μmの正孔阻止層(TiO2/エポキシ樹脂/カルボキシル樹脂=65/17.5/17.5)を得た。
正孔阻止層を200℃で20分間乾燥して形成したこと以外はそれぞれ実施例I(A)およびI(B)と同様のプロセスにより、2種類の光導電体(実施例II(A)及び実施例II(B))を作製した。
19.5グラムのTiO2(MT−150W、日本のテイカ株式会社製造)、4.2グラムのエポキシ樹脂(EPON(商標)1001−T−75、450〜550エポキシ当量、トルエン中固体75パーセント、ヘキシオン・スペシャルティー・ケミカルズ社から入手)、および13.24グラムのカルボキシル樹脂(PARALOID(登録商標)AT−81、Tg=40℃、酸価=65、芳香族溶媒150/ブチルセルソルブ=87/13中固体55.5パーセント、ローム・アンドハース社から入手)とを、キシレンおよび1−ブタノールの溶媒混合物(50/50混合物)中における固体重量比を約65:約10.5:約24.5、全固体含量約45パーセントとして、磨砕ミル中で約0.4〜約0.6ミリメートルサイズのZrO2ビーズを用いて6.5時間ミリングし、その後20μmのナイロンフィルターを用いて濾過することで正孔阻止層形成用分散液を調製したこと以外はそれぞれ比較例1(A)および1(B)と同様に2種類の光導電体(実施例III(A)および実施例III(B))を作製した。ここでは該分散液にに0.3グラムの塩基触媒トリエチルアミンを添加し、1時間混合した上で、本明細書に記載した公知のコーティング技術を用いて、上記で作製した分散液を30ミリメートルのアルミニウムドラム基体に塗布し、180℃で20分間乾燥することにより、エポキシ/カルボキシル樹脂混合物中にTiO2を含む厚さ約15μmの正孔阻止層(TiO2/エポキシ樹脂/カルボキシル樹脂=65/10.5/24.5)を得た。
上記で作製した比較例1(A)、実施例I(A)、II(A)、III(A)およびIV(A)の光導電体を、1回の荷電−除電サイクルに続けて1回の荷電−露光−除電サイクルの順で行う光放電サイクルが得られるように設定したスキャナを用いて試験した。サイクルと共に光強度を漸増させて、測定した種々の露光強度における感光性および表面電位から一連の光放電特性(PIDC)曲線を得た。表面電位を漸増させながら一連の荷電−除電サイクルを行い種々の電圧に対する電荷密度曲線を描き、更なる電気的特性を得た。スキャナには、種々の表面電位で一定の電圧を荷電するように設定したスコロトロンを取り付けた。これら2種類の光導電体を、一連の減光フィルター(neutral density filter)を調整することで露光強度を漸増させながら、表面電位700ボルトで試験した。露光光源には780ナノメートルの発光ダイオードを用いた。ゼログラフィーのシミュレーションは、環境を周囲の条件(相対湿度40パーセント、22℃)に調節した遮光チャンバーで行った。
比較例1(A)、実施例I(A)、II(A)、III(A)、およびIV(A)の光導電体を室温で24時間慣らした後、Aゾーン(85°F、湿度80パーセント)で残像発生の試験を行った。印刷試験は、t=500プリントカウント(t=0が最初の印刷であり、t=500は500回目の印刷である。)にて、ゼロックスコーポレーション社製WorkCentre(商標)Pro C3545中でK(ブラックトナー)ステーションを用いて行った。上記の光導電体を、カラーのWorkCentre(商標)Pro C3545のCMYステーションでt=0からt=500プリントカウントまで使用した。残像発生特性を決定するための印刷はX印またはハーフトーンイメージの文字を含む。Xが視認される場合の残像発生レベルをグレード0とし、Xがかすかに見える場合の残像発生レベルをグレード1とした。グレード2〜グレード5はXの可視度のレベルを意味し、グレード5はXが濃く見られることをを意味する。残像発生レベルは、経験的スケールに基づき視覚的に測定した。残像発生グレード(絶対値)が低いほど、印刷品質が高い。残像発生の結果を表2にまとめる。
比較例1(B)、実施例I(B)、II(B)、III(B)、およびIV(B)の光導電体を室温で24時間慣らした後、Aゾーン(85°F/湿度80パーセント)でバックグラウンド/電荷不足スポット(CDS)の試験を行った。印刷試験は、ゼロックスコーポレーション社製WorkCentre(商標)Pro C3545を用いて白黒コピーモードで行った。バックグラウンド/CDSを試験するt=0で、機械の速度は165ミリメートル/秒に達した。バックグラウンド/CDSレベルは経験的スケールに基づき視覚的に測定した。バックグラウンド/CDSグレードレベルが低いほど、印刷品質が高い。結果を表3に示す。具体的には、バックグラウンド/CDSは白紙上のグレー(grayness)のパーセンテージの測定値であり、本スケールにおいてグレード1はほとんど白色、グレード2は許容不可能な濃い印刷を意味する。
Claims (3)
- 基体;
前記基体上に設けられ、エポキシ樹脂とカルボキシル樹脂との混合物及び金属酸化物を含有する、下引き層;
電荷発生層;及び
少なくとも1つの電荷輸送層
を含み、
前記エポキシ樹脂とカルボキシル樹脂との混合物が触媒の存在下で架橋している、光導電体。 - 前記金属酸化物が、下引き層成分の総重量に対して20〜80重量パーセントの量で存在し、
前記エポキシ樹脂が、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂のジグリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂のジグリシジルエーテル、テトラフェノールエタン型エポキシ樹脂のテトラグリシジルエーテル、エポキシフェノールノボラック樹脂、エポキシビスフェノールAノボラック樹脂、エポキシビスフェノールFノボラック樹脂、エポキシクレゾールノボラック樹脂、エポキシポリアクリレート、エラストマー修飾エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂の水素化ジグリシジルエーテル、脂環式グリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、臭素化エポキシ、アルキルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、クレ
シルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、ブチルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、ひまし油グリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂、およびこれらのエポキシ樹脂のうちいずれか複数からなる混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記カルボキシル樹脂が、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、アクリル酸の誘導体、メタクリル酸の誘導体、およびこれらのうちいずれか複数からなる混合物が重合してなるアクリルカルボキシル樹脂であり、かつ、
前記少なくとも1つの電荷輸送層が、1層からなる電荷輸送層、2層からなる電荷輸送層、または3層からなる電荷輸送層である、請求項1に記載の光導電体。 - 前記触媒が、シュウ酸、マレイン酸、カルボン酸、アスコルビン酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、メタンスルホン酸、およびこれらのうちいずれか複数からなる混合物から選択され、前記混合物の総重量に対して0.1〜5重量パーセント存在する酸触媒であるか、または、トリエチルアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、イソホロンジアミン、ビス−p−アミノシクロヘキシルメタン、1,2−ジアミノシクロヘキサン、ジアミノジフェニルメタン等、およびこれらのうちいずれか複数からなる混合物から選択され、前記混合物の総重量に対して0.1〜10重量パーセント存在する塩基触媒であり、
前記下引き層の厚さが1〜15μmの範囲にあり、
前記金属酸化物が、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、または酸化スズであり、
前記電荷輸送材料が、下記一般式(1)または一般式(2)で表される構造を有するアリールアミンを含有し、
前記電荷発生層が、チタニルフタロシアニン、ヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニン、ハロガリウムフタロシアニン、またはこれらのうちいずれか複数からなる混合物のうち少なくとも1つを含む電荷発生顔料を含有し、かつ、 前記少なくとも1つの電荷輸送層が、1層からなる電荷輸送層、または2層からなる電荷輸送層である、請求項2に記載の光導電体。
(一般式(1)及び(2)中、複数存在するXは、それぞれ独立にアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、またはハロゲンを表す。)
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US7846628B2 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2010-12-07 | Xerox Corporation | Hole blocking layer containing photoconductors |
US7871748B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2011-01-18 | Xerox Corporation | Iron containing hole blocking layer containing photoconductors |
US7851115B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2010-12-14 | Xerox Corporation | Iodonium hole blocking layer photoconductors |
US7670737B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2010-03-02 | Xerox Corporation | UV absorbing hole blocking layer containing photoconductors |
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US8053152B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2011-11-08 | Xerox Corporation | Boron containing hole blocking layer photoconductor |
-
2009
- 2009-02-27 US US12/394,343 patent/US8409773B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-02-18 EP EP10153961.7A patent/EP2224288B1/en active Active
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JP2010204659A (ja) | 2010-09-16 |
EP2224288A2 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
EP2224288A3 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
EP2224288B1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
US8409773B2 (en) | 2013-04-02 |
US20100221651A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
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