JP5513258B2 - メラニン産生抑制剤及び美白剤 - Google Patents
メラニン産生抑制剤及び美白剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5513258B2 JP5513258B2 JP2010120406A JP2010120406A JP5513258B2 JP 5513258 B2 JP5513258 B2 JP 5513258B2 JP 2010120406 A JP2010120406 A JP 2010120406A JP 2010120406 A JP2010120406 A JP 2010120406A JP 5513258 B2 JP5513258 B2 JP 5513258B2
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- melanin production
- extract
- chemical formula
- melanin
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Landscapes
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Description
化粧料等の人体に直接適用するメラニン産生抑制能を有する化合物を探索する目的で、メラニン産生抑制能を有することが期待される多数の化合物を、メラニン抑制能を測定する装置に通してスクリーニングし、メラニン抑制能が高い化合物を選定した。さらに人体に直接適用できる安全性を確認するために、安全性を確認する試験を行ない、メラニン抑制能と安全性が共に高い化合物を探索した。
その結果、多数の化合物の中からメラニン産生抑制能が公知の化合物よりも高く、かつ優れた安全性を備える化合物を特定した。
(本発明の主な構成)
この特定された化合物が下記の化学式(1)の化合物であり、本発明はこの化合物を含有するメラニン産生抑制剤及び美白剤である。
本発明に用いる次の化学式(1)の化合物は、2,2’,3,3’-Tetrahydro -5,5’,7,7’-tetrahydro xy-2,2’-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3’-bi[4H-1-benzopyran]-4,4’-dione、組成式は、C30H22O10である。
また、化学式(1)の化合物は医薬品である漢方生薬狼毒に含まれていることが知られている(特許文献3)。
本発明のメラニン産生抑制剤及び美白剤には、植物油のような油脂類、高級脂肪酸、高級アルコール、シリコーン、アニオン界面活性剤、カチオン界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤、防腐剤、糖類、金属イオン封鎖剤、水溶性高分子のような高分子、増粘剤、粉体成分、紫外線吸収剤、紫外線遮断剤、ヒアルロン酸のような保湿剤、香料、pH調整剤等を含有させることができる。ビタミン類、皮膚賦活剤、血行促進剤、常在菌コントロール剤、活性酸素消去剤、抗炎症剤、他の美白剤、殺菌剤等の他の薬効成分、生理活性成分を含有させることもできる。
美白用の経口剤としての化学式(1)の化合物の有効投与量は、対象者の年齢、体重、症状、投与経路、投与スケジュール、製剤形態、素材の活性の強さ等により、適宜選択決定されるが、例えば、1日あたり1〜5000mgが好ましく、特に好ましくは10〜1000mgである。これを1日に数回に分けて投与しても良い。
化学式(1)の化合物について、以下の試験によって、メラニン産生抑制活性を測定した。
メラニン産生抑制活性は、以下の方法により求めた。
マウス由来B16メラノーマF10を20%コンフレントになるように播種し、[NLE4,D−PHE7]α−MSH(SIGMA―ALDRICH社製)、及び化学式(1)の化合物、アルブチン、ヒドロキシチロソール、ハイドロキノン、コウジ酸、アスコルビン酸2−グルコシドの各試料を培養液中の検体の濃度が1.56μM〜400μMとなるように添加した。各試料を添加して96時間の培養の後、培養液を取り除き、細胞をPBSで洗浄した。細胞が産生したメラニン産生量は、比色定量法によって測定した。[NLE4,D−PHE7]α−MSHのみ処理したときのメラニン産生量を100%として、各検体を各濃度で添加したときのメラニン産生量を算出した。
メラニン産生量(%)は、[NLE4,D−PHE7]α−MSHのみ処理したときの定量値をA、各濃度で検体を添加したときの定量値をAsとして、次式により求めた。
メラニン産生量(%)=As/A×100
化学式(1)の化合物、陽性対照としてアルブチン、比較試料として、ヒドロキシチロソール、ハイドロキノン、コウジ酸、アスコルビン酸2−グルコシドを検体として、それぞれジメチルスルホキシドを用いて10mg/mlに調製した。
細胞生存率はMTT試験により求めた。マウス由来B16メラノーマF10を20%コンフレントになるように播種し、[NLE4,D−PHE7]α−MSH(SIGMA―ALDRICH社製)、及び化学式(1)の化合物、アルブチン、ヒドロキシチロソール、ハイドロキノン、コウジ酸、アスコルビン酸2−グルコシドの各試料を培養液中の検体の濃度が1.56μM〜400μMとなるように添加した。96時間の培養の後、MTT試験法の一般的なプロトコールに従って細胞を処理し、細胞生存率を測定した。[NLE4,D−PHE7]α−MSHのみ処理したときの細胞生存率を100%として、各検体を各濃度で添加したときの細胞生存率を算出した。細胞生存率(%)は、[NLE4,D−PHE7]α−MSHのみ処理したときの定量値をB、各濃度で検体を添加したときの定量値をBsとして、次式により求めた。
細胞生存率(%)=Bs/B×100
結果を表2に示す。各検体濃度における細胞生存率の測定値を用いて細胞毒性のIC50(細胞生存率が50%となるときの培養液中の検体の濃度)を求めた。細胞毒性のIC50について、図1にグラフ化した。尚、アスコルビン酸2−グルコシドを添加した系については、本実験系の濃度範囲では細胞生存率が低下しなかったため、細胞毒性のIC50を求めることができなかった。
細胞毒性のIC50をメラニン産生抑制のIC50で割ったものを安全係数とした。安全係数が大きいほど、低い細胞毒性でメラニン産生を抑制することができる。化学式(1)化合物はアルブチンと比べても、安全係数が極めて高く、美白剤として優れている。安全係数を表3に示し、グラフ化したものを図2に示す。尚、コウジ酸とアスコルビン酸2−グルコシドについては、メラニン産生抑制、細胞毒性のIC50を求めることができなかったため、安全係数も求めることができなかった。
これらのデータを総合して、メラニン産生抑制のIC50値の1単位あたりの細胞毒性のIC50を求めた表3及び図2のデータによると、本発明の化学式(1)の化合物の安全係数は39.4でアルブチンの11.8よりも約4倍の安全性を示し、ヒドロキシチロソール、ハイドロキノンのように1前後の値を示す化合物よりもさらに安全性に優れるといえる。
このような結果からは、本発明の化学式(1)の化合物は、メラニン産生抑制剤及び美白剤に含有された際には、他のメラニン産生抑制作用を有する化合物よりも、より強いメラニン産生抑制作用を有すると共に、美白効果を発揮する化粧料となり、かつより安全であることがわかる。
化学式(1)の化合物について、以下の試験によって三次元皮膚モデルにおけるメラニン産生抑制効果を調べた。
(サンプル溶液の調製)
化学式(1)の化合物を、ジメチルスルホキシド(049−07213和光純薬工業株式会社)を用いて10質量%の濃度に調製し、次にその溶液を0.5質量%の濃度でD−PBS−に添加して、化学式(1)の化合物のサンプル溶液とした。サンプル溶液中の化学式(1)の化合物の濃度は0.05質量%である。また、化学式(1)の化合物を含有させず、ジメチルスルホキシドを0.5質量%の濃度でD−PBS−に添加した溶液を、コントロールとした。
三次元皮膚モデルはMEL−300A(Lot#10892,MatTek Corp.)を用いた。MEL−300Aは、正常ヒト表皮メラニン細胞を含む正常ヒト表皮角化細胞で構成されるヒト皮膚三次元モデルである。三次元皮膚モデルはキットの説明に従い培養(角化)を開始した。培地は、EPI−100−LLMM維持培地(Lot#302410PND,MatTek Corp.)を用いた。培養は、6ウェルプレート内の中央にStelile Washers(MatTek Corp.)を2個ずつ重ね、EPI−100−LLMM維持培地を5mlずつ添加し、その上に皮膚モデルカップを設置することにより行った。
調製したサンプル溶液を、MEL−300A三次元皮膚モデルのカップの表面に50μlずつ投与し、化粧料の適用モデルとした。培地は2日後、4日後に新しい培地に交換し、5日間培養した(n=3)。サンプル溶液は2日後、4日後に古いサンプル溶液を吸引除去し、D−PBS−で洗浄後、新しいサンプル溶液に交換し、化粧料の連用モデルとした。
培養開始から5日後に三次元皮膚モデルの底面の色素沈着をしたメラノサイトを観察した。観察は、培養中の三次元皮膚モデルカップを、倒立顕微鏡を用いてCCDカメラで撮影した。観察時の倍率は100倍とした。コントロールを投与した三次元皮膚モデルの底面像を図3aに、化学式(1)の化合物のサンプル溶液を投与した三次元皮膚モデルの底面像を図3bに示す。化学式(1)の化合物のサンプル溶液を投与した場合、メラノサイトの色が薄く、沈着したメラニンがコントロールと比較して少なかった。
メラニン沈着部を定量的に比較する為に、三次元皮膚モデルの底面のメラニン被覆面積を画像解析によって数値化した。三次元皮膚モデルの底面の画像をコンピューターソフトウェア(Adobe photoshop)によりグレースケールに変換し、画像内の背景階調を256階調とし各画像の背景値を統一した。その後、メラニンによる染色が起こっている部分の階調である180階調を境界値として二値化を行い、黒色の部分を三次元皮膚モデルの底面のメラニン被覆面積として画像解析コンピュータソフトウェア(Image J)のAnalyze Particle機能を用いて数値化した。
コントロールを投与したメラニン沈着部の二値化画像処理した底面像を図3cに、化学式(1)の化合物のサンプル溶液を投与したメラニン沈着部の二値化画像処理した底面像を図3dに示す。
三次元皮膚モデルの底面のメラニン被覆面積の比較は、コントロール投与区の底面メラニン被覆面積の合計を100%とし、百分率によっておこない、Student−T−testを用いて統計処理を行った。結果を図4に示す。
化学式(1)の化合物のサンプル溶液を投与した三次元皮膚モデルの底面メラニン被覆面積の合計はコントロールを投与した場合の48%と有意に少なかった。
成分 配合量(質量%)
1.グリセリン 10
2.1,3-ブチレングリコール 5
3.ブドウ糖 2
4.エタノール 5
5.カルボキシビニルポリマー 0.02
6.グリチルリチン酸ジカリウム 0.1
7.ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム 0.001
8.化学式(1)の化合物 0.1
9.クエン酸 0.05
10.クエン酸ナトリウム 0.1
11.水酸化カリウム 0.01
12.精製水 残余
成分 配合量(質量%)
1.ステアリルアルコール 6
2.ステアリン酸 2
3.スクワラン 10
4.オクチルドデカノール 5
5.オリーブ油 5
6.1,3-ブチレングリコール 8
7.ポリエチレングリコール1500 4
8.POE(25)セチルアルコールエーテル 3
9.モノステアリン酸グリセリル 2
10.化学式(1)の化合物 0.1
11.精製水 残余
成分 配合量(質量%)
1.ポリビニルアルコール 15
2.カルボキシメチルセルロース 5
3.1,3-ブチレングリコール 5
4.エタノール 12
5.化学式(1)の化合物 0.05
6.POEオレイルアルコールエーテル 0.5
7.クエン酸 0.02
8.クエン酸ナトリウム 0.04
9.精製水 残余
成分 配合量(質量%)
1.化学式(1)の化合物 63
2.乳糖 24
3.コーンスターチ 12
4.グアーガム 1
成分 配合量(質量%)
1.化学式(1)の化合物 10
2.果糖ブトウ糖液糖 15
3.クエン酸 10
4.ビタミンC 5
5.香料 1
6.色素 1
7.精製水 残余
Claims (2)
- 次の化学式(1)の化合物を有効成分とするメラニン産生抑制剤。
- 次の化学式(1)の化合物を含有する美白剤。
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