JP5507459B2 - 植物細胞に分子性物質を移行させる方法 - Google Patents
植物細胞に分子性物質を移行させる方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、METHODS FOR TRANSFERRING MOLECULAR SUBSTANCES INTO PLANT CELLSについての、2007年10月5日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/978,059号出願日の利益を主張する。
発現ベクターは、マーカーを含有する形質転換細胞がネガティブ選択(すなわち選択可能なマーカー遺伝子を含有しない細胞の増殖阻害)またはポジティブ選択(すなわち遺伝子マーカーによってコードされる産物についての選別)のいずれかによって回収されるようにする調節エレメント(例えばプロモーター)に機能的に結合した少なくとも1つの遺伝子マーカーを含むことができる。形質転換のための多数の選択可能なマーカー遺伝子が形質転換の技術分野において十分に既知であり、例えば、抗生物質もしくは除草剤であり得る選択的化学物質を代謝的に解毒する酵素をコードする遺伝子、または阻害剤に非感受性であり得る改変された標的をコードする遺伝子を含む。いくつかのポジティブ選択方法も当技術分野において既知である。
発現ベクターに含まれる遺伝子は、調節エレメント、例えばプロモーターを含むヌクレオチド配列によって駆動されねばならない。プロモーターのいくつかの種類は、単独またはプロモーターとの組合せで使用できる他の調節エレメントと同様に形質転換の技術分野においていまや十分に既知である。
誘導可能なプロモーターは、細胞での発現のための遺伝子に機能的に結合され得る。場合により、誘導可能なプロモーターは、細胞での発現のための遺伝子に機能的に結合され得るシグナル配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列に機能的に結合され得る。誘導可能なプロモーターにより転写速度は、誘導剤に反応して増大する。
構成的プロモーターは、細胞での発現のための遺伝子に機能的に結合され得る、または構成的プロモーターは細胞での発現のための遺伝子に機能的に結合され得るシグナル配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列に機能的に結合され得る。
組織特異的プロモーターは、細胞での発現のための遺伝子に機能的に結合され得る。場合により組織特異的プロモーターは、細胞での発現のための遺伝子に機能的に結合され得るシグナル配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列に機能的に結合され得る。組織特異的プロモーターに機能的に結合した目的の遺伝子で形質転換した植物は、特定の組織において導入遺伝子のタンパク質産物を排他的または優先的に産生できる。
本発明によるトランスジェニック植物で外来タンパク質は、商業的な量で産生され得る。したがって、当技術分野において十分に理解されている形質転換された植物の選択および繁殖のための技術は、従来の手段で収穫される複数のトランスジェニック植物を産出し、それにより外来タンパク質は目的の組織から、またはバイオマス全体から抽出され得る。植物バイオマスからのタンパク質抽出は、例えばHeneyおよびOrr,Anal,Biochem.114:92〜6(1981)によって論じられた既知の方法によって達成され得る。
A)植物の病害耐性遺伝子。植物の防御は、植物における病害耐性遺伝子(R)の産物と病原体中の対応する非病原性(Avr)遺伝子の産物との間の特定の相互作用によってしばしば活性化される。植物種は、特定の病原体株に耐性である植物を操作するためにクローン化された耐性遺伝子で形質転換され得る。例えばJonesら、Science 266:789(1994)(クラドスポリウム・フルバム(Cladosporium fulvum)への耐性のためのトマトCf−9遺伝子のクローニング)、Martinら、Science 262:1432(1993)(シュードモナス・シリンゲ(Pseudomonas syringae)病原型への耐性のためのトマトPto遺伝子。トマトはプロテインキナーゼをコードする)、Mindrinosら、Cell 78:1089(1994)(シュードモナス・シリンゲへの耐性のためのアラビドプス(Arabidops)はRSP2遺伝子であり得る)を参照されたい。
A)成長点または分裂組織を阻害する、イミダゾリノンまたはスルホニル尿素などの除草剤。この分類の例示的な遺伝子は、例えばLeeら、EMBO J.7:1241(1988)およびMikiら、Theor.Appl.Genet.80:449(1990)によってそれぞれ記載のとおり変異体ALSおよびAHAS酵素をコードする。
A)例えば、植物のステアリン酸含有量を増加させるためにステアリルACP不飽和化酵素のアンチセンス遺伝子で植物を形質転換することによる、改変された脂肪酸代謝。Knultzonら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.89:2624(1992)を参照されたい。
BY2細胞およびNT1細胞の両方を使用した。BY2細胞は、非緑色、高増殖性タバコ細胞系である。NY1細胞は、タバコから単離された光独立栄養細胞である。形質転換の3から4日前に、1週間経過した懸濁培養物を、NT1またはBY2培養物の2mlを、250mLフラスコ中の50nM DAS−PMTI−1(微小管阻害剤)および0.5〜0.1%(v/v)DMSOを含有するNT1BまたはLSBY2培地40mlに移すことによって新鮮培地に継代した。単一細胞を微小管阻害剤処置の4日後または7日後のいずれかで回収した。使用したBY2単一細胞は、生細胞を計数するためにBeckmanフローサイトメーターにより処理した。平均径10.43umおよび容積593.8μm3であった1mlあたり658250個の生細胞があった。図1で観察されるとおり、全ての細胞は単一細胞であった(図1における対は端が重なっている)。細胞を共焦点画像化システムを取り付けた微分干渉(DIC)顕微鏡を使用して検査した(パネルA)。パネルBは、色素体(アミロプラスト)を強調するためにI2KIで染色したBY2細胞(EP12%培地で馴化および維持した培養物)由来の単一細胞の光学顕微鏡像を示す。ここで観察されるようにBY2細胞の単一細胞は、細胞の細胞質全体に分布した多数の色素体(アミロプラスト)を含む。
培養物中で細胞が蛍光色素を取り込むかどうかを決定するために、BY2細胞の単一細胞のおよび多細胞性の標準的な凝集懸濁培養物を使用した。細胞懸濁培養物をMolecular ProbesからのSAMSAフルオレセイン(5−((2−(および−3)−S−(アセチルメルカプト)サクシノイル)アミノ)フルオレセイン)に、ナノ粒子の非存在下で20分間さらし、次いで蛍光顕微鏡下で観察する前に短時間洗浄した。
SAMSAフルオレセイン単独でおよびSAMSAフルオレセインで被覆されたGNPで処置したBY2/NT1懸濁凝集物を、DIC、明視野および蛍光顕微鏡を使用する低拡大率下および高拡大率下で検査した。図3、パネルAはSAMSAフルオレセイン単独で処置した細胞のDIC画像を示し、一方図3、パネルBは同じ細胞の蛍光画像を示す。図3、パネルCはSAMSAフルオレセインで被覆されたGNPで処置した細胞のDIC画像を示し、一方図3パネルDはSAMSAフルオレセインで被覆されたGNPで処置した細胞の蛍光画像を示す。図3、パネルBにおいて明確に観察されるとおり、SAMSAフルオレセイン単独で処置した細胞の細胞壁だけがフルオレセインで染色され、他のバッククラウンド蛍光はわずかしか観察されなかった。これは、細胞がナノ粒子の非存在下ではSAMSAフルオレセインを取り込まなかったことを示唆する。
DNAで被覆されたGNPを2経路、すなわち非特異的相互作用および特異的相互作用(PEGをプラットホームとして使用する)を介して合成し、BY2/NT1細胞とインキュベートした。非特異的相互作用のために、3%マンニトール 9mLを細胞懸濁物1mLに加え、次いで1000rpmで5分間遠心分離した。次いで上清をデカントし、細胞を3%マンニトール300μlに再懸濁した。直径150nmの金ナノ粒子(BBI Internationalから入手できる(EM.GC150))50μlおよびYFPをコードするプラスミドDNA(pDAB3831)(図16)(配列番号1および2)50μgを再懸濁した細胞に加え、混合物を20分間インキュベートした。インキュベーション後、3%マンニトール20mLを溶液に加え、得られた混合物を1000rpmで5分間遠心分離した。次いで上清をデカントし、細胞を増殖培地3mLに再懸濁した。次いで再懸濁した細胞を選択プレートに移す少なくとも48時間前にマイクロウェルに移した。特異的相互作用(PEG経路)のために、大過剰量のチオールリガンドを使用した:粒子1個あたり100単分子膜、1個のチオール分子によって占有される表面積がおよそ0.20nmであると仮定することにより推定した。この計算を使用して、SH−PEG(3)−OCH3 2mgをクエン酸GNP溶液に加えた。混合物を直ちに室温で20時間撹拌し、その間に溶液の色はわずかに濃くなった。次いでTHF 3容量を反応混合物に加え、得られた溶液を13K rpmで4℃、30分間遠心分離した。上清を除去し、沈殿を超純水(18MΩ.cm)10mLに再溶解し、THF 30mLを加え、同じ条件で2度目の遠心分離を実施した。次いで沈殿を超純水(18MΩ.cm)に再溶解し、室温に置いた。形質転換実験用に、プラスミドDNAをH3CO−PEG−SH−GNPに被覆するために、精製プラスミドDNA 1mgを金粒子10mgと水50ml中で2時間、23°でインキュベートした(Torney,F.ら、Nature Nanotechnol.2,(2007)を参照されたい)。
細胞侵入評価調査のためのQDのPEG機能化。この手順は、Dubertret B.ら、Science 298,1759(2002)から採用した。TOPO(トリオクチルホスフィンオキシド)で被覆されたCdSe/ZnS QD(Ocean nanotechnology,Cat#QSO0630−0010)2mgをPEG−PE(1,2−ジアシル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン−N−[メトキシ−ポリ(エチレングリコール)])(Avanti lipids,Cat#880160).015g(5.5μmol)とクロロホルム中に懸濁し、溶媒の蒸発および水での安定化が続いた。PEGコンジュゲート化を細胞毒性からの完全な防御を確実にするために実施した。
植物細胞へのタンパク質のナノ粒子介在形質導入および細胞内部移行を検査するための材料は、サイズ直径150nmの金コロイド(BBI International,GC150)、5−((2−(および−3)−S(アセチルメルカプト)サクシノイル)アミノ)フルオレセイン(SAMSA fluorescein:Invitrogen,A−685)、サイズ80および90nmのカルボン酸被覆金コロイドのナノ粒子(TedPella,32019)、スルホ−NHS(N−ヒドロキシスルホサクシニミド)、EDC(1−エチル−3−[3−ジメチルアミノプロピル]カルボジイミド塩酸塩)、(Pierce Bitoechnology,24510,22980,)、MES(2−[N−モルホリノ]エタンスルホン酸)(Fisher Scientific,AC32776−1000)、リン酸緩衝食塩溶液緩衝剤包(Sigma,P5368−10PAK)、ヒストジンタグ付きGFP(Evrogen、励起最大−482nm、発光最大−502nm、FP611)、turbo YFP(Evrogen、励起最大−525nm、発光最大−538nm、FP611)およびヨウ化プロピジウム(Sigma−P4864)、フルオレセイン二酢酸(Sigma,F7378)を含む。
金取り込みおよび細胞生存率の経時変化 以下の試料を24ウェル滅菌プレートに調製した。
i)単一BY2−E細胞500μl(対照)、
ii)単一BY2−E細胞500μl+GNP 20μl+フルオレセイン二酢酸(FDA)25μl+ヨウ化プロピジウム25μl;および
iii)他の処置は、細胞とのGNP 40、60、80μl、および上に記載の細胞生死判別染色を含む。処置した細胞(Ref)は、蛍光顕微鏡下で5、20、120分および最終的に18〜20時間後に検査した。
i)単一BY2−E細胞500μl(対照)、
ii)単一BY2−E細胞500μl+SAMSA−フルオレセイン20μl(対照);および
iii)単一BY2−E細胞500μl+Au−SAMSA−フルオレセイン20μl。
処置した細胞を、顕微鏡検査を実施する前に20分間、暗所、室温でインキュベートした。
i)単一BY2−E細胞500μl(対照)、
ii)単一BY2−E細胞500μl+ヒスチジンタグ付きGFP 10μl(対照)、
iii)単一BY2−E細胞500μl+Au−ヒスチジンタグ付きGFP 20μl。
処置した細胞を、顕微鏡検査を実施する前に2時間、暗所、室温でインキュベートした。
シロイヌナズナトランスジェニック植物由来のゲノムDNAを6週齢の葉全体の材料からDNeasy Plant Mini kitを製造者の説明書(Qiagen Inc)に従って使用して抽出した。以下のYFPおよびPAT PCRプライマーを、野外噴霧レベルの4〜5×の除草剤Finaleに耐性のT1実生由来の鋳型ゲノムDNAを使用するPCR反応において使用した。
YFP
順方向プライマー:5’―TGTTCCACGGCAAGATCCCCTACG―3’(配列番号3)
逆方向プライマー:5’―TATTCATCTGGGTGTGATCGGCCA―3’(配列番号4)
PAT
順方向プライマー:5’―GGAGAGGAGACCAGTTGAGATTAG―3’(配列番号5)
逆方向プライマー:5’―AGATCTGGGTAACTGGCCTAACTG―3’(配列番号6)
細胞壁を越えるQDの非侵襲性送達を検査した実施例7において論じられた手順に基づいて、いくつかのペプチドを表面に機能化した。細胞透過性ペプチド(CPP)/タンパク質導入ユニット(PTD)付着決定を以下に記載のとおりゲル電気泳動を介して実施した。
Claims (19)
- 細胞壁を有する植物細胞に目的の分子を導入する方法であって、
1週間経過した植物懸濁培養物を、微小管阻害剤を含有する新鮮培地中で4から7日間継代培養することにより、細胞壁を有する植物細胞を提供し、それにより細胞壁を有する植物細胞を含む植物培養物を生産するステップと、
ナノ粒子を目的の分子で被覆するステップと、
前記細胞壁を有する植物細胞を含む植物培養物と前記被覆されたナノ粒子とを互いに接触させて置くステップと、
前記細胞壁を含む植物細胞へのナノ粒子および目的の分子の取り込みを可能にするために、前記細胞壁を有する植物細胞を含む植物培養物と前記被覆されたナノ粒子を少なくとも20分間共にインキュベートするステップと
を含む方法。 - 目的の分子でナノ粒子を被覆するステップが、ナノ粒子の表面での非共有結合的吸着により目的の分子を固定化するステップを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子に目的の分子を吸着させるステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 細胞壁を含む植物細胞の区画へのナノ粒子の取り込みを可能にするステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 細胞内区画を標的化するタンパク質でナノ粒子を被覆するステップをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 区画が、サイトゾル、核、液胞膜、色素体、エチオプラスト、有色体、白色体、エライオプラスト、プロテイノプラスト、アミロプラスト、葉緑体、および二重膜の内腔からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 細胞壁を含む植物細胞がタバコ、ニンジン、トウモロコシ、セイヨウアブラナ、ナタネ、ワタ、パーム、ピーナッツ、ダイズ、オリザ種(Oryza sp)、シロイヌナズナ種(Arabidopsis sp)、トウゴマ種(Ricinus sp)およびサトウキビの細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 植物細胞が、胚、分裂組織、カルス、花粉、葉、葯、根、根端、花、種子、さやおよび茎からなる群から選択される組織由来である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子が、金ナノ粒子である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ナノ粒子の表面を誘導体化するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 目的の分子が、核酸、DNA、RNA、RNAi分子、遺伝子、プラスミド、コスミド、YAC、BAC、ポリペプチド、酵素、ホルモン、糖ペプチド、糖類、脂肪、シグナル伝達ペプチド、抗体、ビタミン、メッセンジャー、セカンドメッセンジャー、アミノ酸、cAMP、薬剤、除草剤、殺菌剤、抗生物質およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される構成要素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 目的の分子が遺伝子を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子が外来タンパク質遺伝子、農学的遺伝子、またはマーカー遺伝子である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 目的の分子が安定に組み込まれている細胞を選択するステップをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 選択された細胞が再生可能な細胞である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 再生可能な細胞から植物を再生するステップをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子を発現させる方法であって、
1週間経過した植物懸濁培養物を、微小管阻害剤を含有する新鮮培地中で4から7日間継代培養することにより、細胞壁を有する植物細胞を提供し、それにより細胞壁を有する植物細胞を含む植物培養物を生産するステップと、
ナノ粒子を遺伝子で被覆するステップと、
前記細胞壁を有する植物細胞を含む植物培養物と前記被覆されたナノ粒子とを互いに接触させて置くステップと、
前記細胞壁を含む植物細胞への前記ナノ粒子および目的の分子の取り込みを可能にするために、前記細胞壁を有する植物細胞を含む植物培養物と前記被覆されたナノ粒子を少なくとも20分間共にインキュベートするステップと、
遺伝子を発現させるステップと
を含む方法。 - 遺伝子が葉緑体で発現される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子を発現する細胞を選択するステップをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9719108B2 (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2017-08-01 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Nanoparticle mediated delivery of sequence specific nucleases |
JP2012523234A (ja) * | 2009-04-07 | 2012-10-04 | ダウ アグロサイエンシィズ エルエルシー | 配列特異的ヌクレアーゼのナノ粒子媒介送達 |
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RU2010112423A (ru) | 2011-10-10 |
WO2009046384A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
BRPI0817911B1 (pt) | 2019-07-30 |
ES2402341T3 (es) | 2013-04-30 |
CA2701636C (en) | 2019-10-15 |
CN101889090B (zh) | 2018-01-23 |
RU2495935C2 (ru) | 2013-10-20 |
US9476057B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
JP2010539989A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
AU2008308486B2 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
US20090104700A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
EP2195438A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
BRPI0817911B8 (pt) | 2022-06-28 |
BRPI0817911A2 (pt) | 2014-10-07 |
EP2195438B1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
CA2701636A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
CN101889090A (zh) | 2010-11-17 |
US20140242703A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
US20170306339A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
NZ584406A (en) | 2013-07-26 |
US20170002369A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
US8722410B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
AU2008308486A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
AR068690A1 (es) | 2009-11-25 |
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