JP5425975B2 - 接着フィルム、半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
接着フィルム、半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5425975B2 JP5425975B2 JP2012145722A JP2012145722A JP5425975B2 JP 5425975 B2 JP5425975 B2 JP 5425975B2 JP 2012145722 A JP2012145722 A JP 2012145722A JP 2012145722 A JP2012145722 A JP 2012145722A JP 5425975 B2 JP5425975 B2 JP 5425975B2
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Images
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Description
前記第1半導体素子の厚さT1より厚い厚さTを有し、
前記被着体と前記第1半導体素子とがワイヤーボンディング接続され、かつ前記厚さTと前記厚さT1との差が40μm以上260μm以下であるか、又は
前記被着体と前記第1半導体素子とがフリップチップ接続され、かつ前記厚さTと前記厚さT1との差が10μm以上200μm以下である。
当該接着フィルムにより、前記第1半導体素子を包埋しながら前記第1半導体素子とは異なる第2半導体素子を前記被着体に固定する第2固定工程
を含む半導体装置の製造方法も含まれる。
本発明の一実施形態である第1実施形態について、図を参照しながら以下に説明する。ただし、図の一部又は全部において、説明に不要な部分は省略し、また説明を容易にするために拡大または縮小等して図示した部分がある。第1実施形態では、被着体と第1半導体素子との電気的接続をワイヤーボンディング接続により図る態様を説明する。まず、接着フィルムについて説明した後、該接着フィルムを用いる半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。
接着フィルムの構成は特に限定されず、例えば接着フィルムの単層のみからなる接着フィルムや、コア材料の片面又は両面に接着フィルムを形成した多層構造の接着フィルム等が挙げられる。ここで、前記コア材料としては、フィルム(例えばポリイミドフイルム、ポリエステルフィルム、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム、ポリエチレンナフタレートフィルム、ポリカーボネートフィルム等)、ガラス繊維やプラスチック製不織繊維で強化された樹脂基板、シリコン基板又はガラス基板等が挙げられる。また、接着フィルムとダイシングシートとを一体にした一体型フィルムとして用いることもできる。
前記熱可塑性樹脂としては、天然ゴム、ブチルゴム、イソプレンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリプタジエン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、熱可塑性ボリイミド樹脂、6−ナイロンや6,6ナイロン等のポリアミド樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂、PETやPBT等の飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂またはフッ素樹脂等が挙げられる。これらの熱可塑性樹脂は単独で、又は2種以上を併用して用いることができる。これらの熱可塑性樹脂のうち、イオン性不純物が少なく耐熱性が高く、半導体素子の信頼性を確保できるアクリル樹脂が特に好ましい。
前記熱硬化性樹脂としては、フェノール樹脂、アミノ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、又は熱硬化性ポリイミド樹脂等が挙げられる。これらの樹脂は、単独で又は2種以上併用して用いることができる。特に、半導体素子を腐食させるイオン性不純物等含有が少ないエポキシ樹脂が好ましい。また、エポキシ樹脂の硬化剤としてはフェノール樹脂が好ましい。
本実施形態の接着フィルムは、予めある程度架橋をさせておくため、作製に際し、重合体の分子鎖末端の官能基等と反応する多官能性化合物を架橋剤として添加させておくのがよい。これにより、高温下での接着特性を向上させ、耐熱性の改善を図ることができる。
また、本実施形態の接着フィルムには、その用途に応じて無機充填剤を適宜配合することができる。無機充填剤の配合は、導電性の付与や熱伝導性の向上、弾性率の調節等を可能とする。前記無機充填剤としては、例えば、シリカ、クレー、石膏、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、酸化アルミナ、酸化ベリリウム、炭化珪素、窒化珪素等のセラミック類、アルミニウム、銅、銀、金、ニッケル、クロム、錫、亜鉛、パラジウム、半田などの金属、又は合金類、その他カーボンなどからなる種々の無機粉末が挙げられる。これらは単独で又は2種以上を併用して用いることができる。なかでも、シリカ、特に溶融シリ力が好適に用いられる。また、アルミニウム、銅、銀、金、ニッケル、クロム、錫、亜鉛等からなる導電性微粒子を添加して導電性接着フィルムとすることにより、静電気の発生を抑制することができる。なお、無機充填剤の平均粒径は0.1〜80μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。
接着フィルムの構成材料として熱硬化触媒を用いてもよい。その含有量としては、有機成分100重量部に対し0.01〜1重量部が好ましく、0.05〜0.5重量部がより好ましい。含有量を上記下限以上にすることにより、ダイボンディング時においては未反応であったエポキシ基同士を、後工程において重合させ、当該未反応のエポキシ基を低減ないしは消失させることができる。その結果、被着体上に半導体素子を接着固定させ剥離のない半導体装置の製造が可能になる。その一方、配合割合を上記上限以下にすることにより、硬化阻害の発生を防止することができる。
なお、本実施形態の接着フィルムには、前記無機充填剤以外に、必要に応じて他の添加剤を適宜に配合することができる。他の添加剤としては、例えば灘燃剤、シランカップリング剤又はイオントラップ剤等が挙げられる。
本実施形態に係る接着フィルムは、例えば、次の通りにして作製される。まず、接着フィルム形成用の接着剤組成物を調製方法する。調製方法としては特に限定されず、例えば、接着フィルムの項で説明した熱硬化性樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂、他の添加剤等を容器に投入して、有機溶媒に溶解させ、均一になるように攪拌することによって接着剤組成物溶液として得ることができる。
本実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法は、第1半導体素子固定用の第1接着フィルムにより少なくとも1つの第1半導体素子を前記被着体に固定する第1固定工程、前記第1半導体素子と前記被着体とをボンディングワイヤーにより電気的に接続する第1ワイヤーボンディング工程、及び前記接着フィルムにより、前記第1半導体素子を包埋しながら前記第1半導体素子とは異なる第2半導体素子を前記被着体に固定する第2固定工程を含む。さらに本実施形態は、前記第2半導体素子上に該第2半導体素子と同種又は異種の第3半導体素子を固定する第3固定工程、及び前記第2半導体素子と前記第3半導体素子とをボンディングワイヤーにより電気的に接続する第2ワイヤーボンディング工程を含む。図1A〜図1Eは、それぞれ本発明の一実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法の一工程を模式的に示す断面図である。
図1に示すように、第1固定工程では、少なくとも1つの第1半導体素子11を被着体1上に固定する。第1半導体素子11は第1接着フィルム21を介して被着体1に固定されている。図1中では第1半導体素子11は、1つのみ示されているものの、目的とする半導体装置の仕様に応じて2つ、3つ、4つ又は5つ以上の複数の第1半導体素子11を被着体1に固定してもよい。
第1半導体素子11としては、第2段目に積層される半導体素子(第2半導体素子12;図1C参照)より平面視寸法が小さい素子であれば特に限定されず、例えば半導体素子の一種であるコントローラやメモリチップやロジックチップを好適に用いることができる。コントローラは積層されている各半導体素子の作動を制御することから、一般的に多数のワイヤーが接続される。半導体パッケージの通信速度はワイヤー長の影響を受けるところ、本実施形態では第1半導体素子11が被着体1に固定され最下段に位置するので、ワイヤー長を短縮することができ、これにより半導体素子の積層数を増加させても半導体パッケージ(半導体装置)の通信速度の低下を抑制することができる。
被着体1としては、基板やリードフレーム、他の半導体素子等が挙げられる。基板としては、プリント配線基板等の従来公知の基板を使用することができる。また、前記リードフレームとしては、Cuリードフレーム、42Alloyリードフレーム等の金属リードフレームやガラスエポキシ、BT(ビスマレイミド−トリアジン)、ポリイミド等からなる有機基板を使用することができる。しかし、本実施形態はこれに限定されるものではなく、半導体素子をマウントし、半導体素子と電気的に接続して使用可能な回路基板も含まれる。
第1接着フィルム21としては、前記包埋用接着フィルムを用いてもよく、従来公知の半導体素子固定用の接着フィルムを用いてもよい。ただし、包埋用接着フィルムを用いる場合、第1接着フィルム21は半導体素子を包埋する必要がないので、厚さを5μmから60μm程度に薄くして用いればよい。
図1Aに示すように、第1半導体素子11を、第1接着フィルム21を介して被着体1にダイボンドする。第1半導体素子11を被着体1上に固定する方法としては、例えば被着体1上に第1接着フィルム21を積層した後、この第1接着フィルム21上に、ワイヤーボンド面が上側となるようにして第1半導体素子11を積層する方法が挙げられる。また、予め第1接着フィルム21が貼り付けられた第1半導体素子11を被着体1上に配置して積層してもよい。
第1ワイヤーボンディング工程は、被着体1の端子部(例えばインナーリード)の先端と第1半導体素子11上の電極パッド(図示せず)とをボンディングワイヤー31で電気的に接続する工程である(図1B参照)。ボンディングワイヤー31としては、例えば金線、アルミニウム線又は銅線等が用いられる。ワイヤーボンディングを行う際の温度は、80〜250℃、好ましくは80〜220℃の範囲内で行われる。また、その加熱時間は数秒〜数分間行われる。結線は、前記温度範囲内となるように加熱された状態で、超音波による振動エネルギーと印加加圧による圧着工ネルギーの併用により行われる。
第2固定工程では、包埋用接着フィルム22により、前記第1半導体素子11を包埋しながら前記第1半導体素子11とは異なる第2半導体素子12を前記被着体1に固定する(図1C参照)。包埋用接着フィルム22は、前記第1半導体素子11の厚さT1より厚い厚さTを有している。本実施形態では、前記被着体1と前記第1半導体素子11との電気的接続がワイヤーボンディング接続により達成されることから、前記厚さTと前記厚さT1との差を40μm以上260μm以下としている。前記厚さTと前記厚さT1との差の下限は40μm以上であれば特に限定されないものの、50μm以上が好ましく、60μm以上がより好ましい。また、前記厚さTと前記厚さT1との差の上限は260μm以下であれば特に限定されないものの、200μm以下が好ましく、150μm以下がより好ましい。これにより、半導体装置全体の薄型化を図りながらも、第1半導体素子11と第2半導体素子12との接触を防止しつつ第1半導体素子11全体を包埋用接着フィルム22の内部に包埋することができ、コントローラとしての第1半導体素子11の被着体1上への固定(すなわちワイヤー長が最短となる最下段での固定)を可能にする。
第2半導体素子12としては特に限定されず、例えばコントローラとしての第1半導体素子11の作動制御を受けるメモリチップを用いることができる。
第2半導体素子12を被着体1上に固定する方法としては、第1固定工程と同様に、例えば被着体1上に包埋用接着フィルム22を積層した後、この包埋用接着フィルム22上に、ワイヤーボンド面が上側となるようにして第2半導体素子12を積層する方法が挙げられる。また、予め包埋用接着フィルム22が貼り付けられた第2半導体素子12を被着体1に配置して積層してもよい。
第3固定工程では、前記第2半導体素子12上に該第2半導体素子と同種又は異種の第3半導体素子13を固定する(図1D参照)。第3半導体素子13は第3接着フィルム23を介して第2半導体素子12に固定されている。
第3半導体素子13は、第2半導体素子12と同種のメモリチップや第2半導体素子12と異種のメモリチップであってもよい。第3半導体素子13の厚さも目的とする半導体装置の仕様に応じて適宜設定することができる。
第3接着フィルム23としては、第1固定工程における第1接着フィルム21と同様のものを好適に用いることができる。第3接着フィルム23として包埋用接着フィルム22を用いる場合は、他の半導体素子の包埋が不要であるので、厚さを5μmから60μm程度に薄くして用いればよい。
図1Dに示すように、第3半導体素子13を、第3接着フィルム23を介して第2半導体素子12にダイボンドする。第3半導体素子13を第2半導体素子12上に固定する方法としては、例えば第2半導体素子12上に第3接着フィルム23を積層した後、この第3接着フィルム23上に、ワイヤーボンド面が上側となるようにして第3半導体素子13を積層する方法が挙げられる。また、予め第3接着フィルム23が貼り付けられた第3半導体素子13を第2半導体素子12上に配置して積層してもよい。ただし、後述する第2半導体素子12と第3半導体素子13との間でのワイヤーボンディングのために、第2半導体素子12のワイヤーボンド面(上面)の電極パッドを避けるように第3半導体素子13を第2半導体素子12に対してずらして固定することがある。この場合、第3接着フィルム23を先に第2半導体素子12の上面に貼り付けておくと、第3接着フィルム23の第2半導体素子12の上面からはみ出た部分(いわゆるオーバーハング部)が折れ曲がって第2半導体素子12の側面や包埋用接着フィルム22の側面に付着し、予期せぬ不具合が生じるおそれがある。従って、第3固定工程では、予め第3接着フィルム23を第3半導体素子13に貼り付けておき、これを第2半導体素子12上に配置して積層することが好ましい。
第2ワイヤーボンディング工程は、第2半導体素子12上の電極パッド(図示せず)と第3半導体素子13上の電極パッド(図示せず)をボンディングワイヤー32で電気的に接続する工程である(図1E参照)。ワイヤーの材料やワイヤーボンディング条件は第1ワイヤーボンディング工程と同様のものを好適に採用することができる。
以上の工程により、3つの半導体素子が所定の接着フィルムを介して多段積層された半導体装置10を製造することができる。さらに、第3固定工程及び第2ワイヤーボンディング工程と同様の手順を繰り返すことにより、4つ以上の半導体素子が積層された半導体装置を製造することができる。
所望の数の半導体素子を積層した後、半導体装置10全体を樹脂封止する封止工程を行ってもよい。封止工程は、封止樹脂により半導体装置10を封止する工程である(図示せず)。本工程は、被着体1に搭載された半導体素子やボンディングワイヤーを保護するために行われる。本工程は、例えば封止用の樹脂を金型で成型することにより行う。封止樹脂としては、例えばエポキシ系の樹脂を使用する。樹脂封止の際の加熱温度は、通常175℃で60〜90秒間行われるが、本実施形態はこれに限定されず、例えば165〜185℃で数分間キュアすることができる。また本工程に於いては、樹脂封止の際に加圧してもよい。この場合、加圧する圧力は1〜15MPaであることが好ましく、3〜10MPaであることがより好ましい。
本実施形態においては、封止工程の後に、封止樹脂をアフターキュアする後硬化工程を行ってもよい。本工程においては、前記封止工程で硬化不足の封止樹脂を完全に硬化させる。本工程における加熱温度は、封止樹脂の種類により異なるが、例えば165〜185℃の範囲内であり、加熱時間は0.5〜8時間程度である。封止工程又は後硬化工程を経ることにより半導体パッケージを作製することができる。
第1実施形態では、第1半導体素子の被着体への固定を接着フィルムにより行い、両者間の電気的接続をワイヤーボンディングにより図っていたが、第2実施形態では、第1半導体素子に設けられた突起電極を用いたフリップチップ接続により両者間の固定及び電気的接続を図っている。従って、第2実施形態は、第1固定工程における固定様式のみ第1実施形態と異なるので、以下では主にこの相違点について説明する。
本実施形態では、前記第1固定工程において、第1半導体素子41を被着体1にフリップチップ接続により固定する(図2A参照)。フリップチップ接続では、第1半導体素子41の回路面が被着体1と対向するいわゆるフェイスダウン実装となる。第1半導体素子41にはバンプ等の突起電極3が複数設けられており、突起電極3と被着体1上の電極(図示せず)とが接続されている。また、被着体1と第1半導体素子41との間には、両者間の熱膨張率の差の緩和や両者間の空間の保護を目的として、アンダーフィル材4が充填されている。
第2固定工程では、第1実施形態と同様、包埋用接着フィルム22により、前記第1半導体素子41を包埋しながら前記第1半導体素子41とは異なる第2半導体素子12を前記被着体1に固定する(図2B参照)。本工程における条件は第1実施形態での第2固定工程と同様である。
被着体上に半導体素子を3次元実装する場合、半導体素子の回路が形成される面側には、バッファーコート膜が形成されていてもよい。当該バッファーコート膜としては、例えば窒化珪素膜やポリイミド樹脂等の耐熱樹脂からなるものが挙げられる。
表1に示した割合でアクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂A、エポキシ樹脂B、フェノール樹脂、シリカ、及び熱硬化触媒をメチルエチルケトンに溶解して濃度40〜50重量%の接着剤組成物を調製した。
アクリル樹脂 :ナガセケムテックス社製 SG−70L
エポキシ樹脂A:東都化成株式会社製 KI−3000
エポキシ樹脂B:三菱化学株式会社製 JER 828
フェノール樹脂:明和化成株式会社製 MEH−7851SS
シリカ :アドマテックス株式会社製 SE−2050MC
熱硬化触媒 :北興化学株式会社製 TPP−K
各実施例及び比較例で作製した熱硬化前の各接着フィルムについて、それぞれ120℃における溶融粘度を測定した。すなわち、レオメーター(HAAKE社製、RS−1)を用いてパラレルプレート法により測定した。各実施例又は比較例で作製した接着フィルムから0.1gの試料を採取し、これを予め120℃で熱してあるプレートに仕込んだ。次に、測定開始から300秒後の値を溶融粘度とした。プレート間のギャップは0.1mmとした。結果を下記表2に示す。
実施例1の組成の接着フィルムを厚さ10μmで作製し、コントローラチップ用の接着フィルムとした。それぞれ温度40℃の条件下で、2mm角、厚さ50μmのコントローラチップに貼り付けた。さらに、接着フィルムを介して半導体チップをBGA基板に接着した。その際の条件は、温度120℃、圧力0.1MPa、1秒とした。さらに、コントローラチップが接着されたBGA基板を、乾燥機にて130℃、4時間熱処理し、接着フィルムを熱硬化させた。
Temp.:175℃
Au−wire:23μm
S−LEVEL:50μm
S−SPEED:10mm/s
TIME:15ms
US−POWER:100
FORCE:20gf
S−FORCE:15gf
ワイヤーピッチ:100μm
ワイヤーループハイト:30μm
3 突起電極
4 アンダーフィル材
10、20 半導体装置
11 第1半導体素子
12 第2半導体素子
13 第3半導体素子
21 第1接着フィルム
22 接着フィルム
23 第3接着フィルム
31、32 ボンディングワイヤー
T 接着フィルムの厚さ
T1 第1半導体素子の厚さ
Claims (10)
- 被着体上に固定された第1半導体素子を包埋し、かつ該第1半導体素子とは異なる第2半導体素子を被着体に固定するための接着フィルムであって、
前記接着フィルムは、前記第1半導体素子の厚さT1より厚い厚さTを有し、
前記第2半導体素子は前記接着フィルムを介して前記被着体に固定され、
前記被着体と前記第1半導体素子とがワイヤーボンディング接続され、かつ前記厚さTと前記厚さT1との差が40μm以上260μm以下であるか、又は
前記被着体と前記第1半導体素子とがフリップチップ接続され、かつ前記厚さTと前記厚さT1との差が10μm以上200μm以下である接着フィルム。 - 前記被着体と前記第1半導体素子とがワイヤーボンディング接続され、かつ前記厚さTが80μm以上300μm以下である請求項1に記載の接着フィルム。
- 前記被着体と前記第1半導体素子とがフリップチップ接続され、かつ前記厚さTが50μm以上250μm以下である請求項1に記載の接着フィルム。
- 120℃における溶融粘度が100Pa・S以上2000Pa・S以下である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の接着フィルム。
- 少なくとも1つの第1半導体素子を被着体上に固定する第1固定工程、及び
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の接着フィルムにより前記第1半導体素子を包埋しながら、前記第1半導体素子とは異なる第2半導体素子を前記接着フィルムを介して前記被着体に固定する第2固定工程
を含む半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1固定工程において、第1半導体素子固定用の第1接着フィルムにより前記第1半導体素子を前記被着体に固定する請求項5に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1半導体素子と前記被着体とをボンディングワイヤーにより電気的に接続するワイヤーボンディング工程をさらに含む請求項6に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1固定工程において、前記第1半導体素子を前記被着体にフリップチップ接続により固定する請求項5に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第2半導体素子上に該第2半導体素子と同種又は異種の第3半導体素子を固定する第3固定工程をさらに含む請求項5〜8のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 請求項5〜9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法により得られる半導体装置。
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