JP5421172B2 - Welding line - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is, for example, a welding stage that performs automatic welding using a welding robot, which is used for fixing by welding a joint after parts are assembled such as a swing frame of an upper swing body of a construction machine And a welding line having a welding stage for performing manual welding.

  When manufacturing a traveling vehicle such as an automobile, the components are welded. In order to perform this welding efficiently, the welding process is divided into a plurality of stages, and the workpiece is welded while being conveyed sequentially. It is common to do. For this purpose, a welding line composed of a plurality of welding stages each equipped with a welding means is provided, and the welding means equipped in each welding stage is sequentially operated by conveying the workpiece along the welding line, and the required Welding will be performed. In the welding line for this purpose, a workpiece is conveyed between welding stages using a conveyance carriage. That is, in a general welding line, a workpiece is set and fixed on a conveyance carriage, and the conveyance carriage is driven to convey the workpiece between welding stages. The configuration of this type of welding line is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.

JP-A-11-34946

  By the way, in patent document 1, although a conveyance trolley is called a pallet trolley, this pallet trolley pitches a work to each welding stage one by one, and welding time differs in each welding stage. In this case, pitch feed will be performed according to the welding work time at the welding stage that requires the longest time, and if there is a welding stage in the middle that finishes the welding work in a short time In the welding stage where the work is completed in a short time, there is a problem that it is not possible to efficiently perform the welding as a whole because it is necessary to wait for a long time.

  In addition, if automatic welding using a robot is performed at all welding stages, manual welding is performed when welding parts that are not suitable for robot welding, but to ensure work safety. It is desirable to take out the workpiece from the transfer line. However, in Patent Document 1, a work is taken out from a work transfer line and no special work is performed.

  By the way, for example, a welding line is constructed in order to assemble a rotating frame constituting an upper rotating body of a construction machine and connect them by welding. There are many types and sizes of construction machines. Moreover, the same type of construction machine is not mass-produced, and a wide variety of small-quantity production is common. For this purpose, a plurality of types of construction machine swivel frames are applied to a single welding line. Therefore, depending on the model, the working time of the welding location and each welded portion is different, so there is a problem that the waiting time becomes extremely long and the working efficiency is poor.

  In addition, construction machines are large, and there are a wide variety of welding locations, so there are locations that cannot be welded by welding robots, and although welding is not impossible, manual welding is easier and more efficient. Sometimes. Therefore, it is desirable to have a system configuration that allows manual welding during the welding operation. In order to perform the manual welding safely, the work is performed at a position where the work is separated from the transfer line.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the object of the present invention is to provide each component when welding a can-assembled work such as a turning frame in an upper turning body of a construction machine. The purpose is to enable the welding operations to be coupled to be performed efficiently and safely.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides a welding line for performing welding work on a workpiece by automatic welding by a welding means including a welding robot and manual welding, and automatic welding provided with the automatic welding means. the working unit and the manual welding unit and set the welding stage of arranging the mechanism for manual welding are provided several sets multiple, in one or more locations between the welding stage, one or more workpiece setting section The plurality of sets of welding stages are arranged along the main conveyance path of the workpiece, and the standby parts are arranged at positions aligned with the welding stage, and are arranged on the main conveyance path. A transfer body that is mounted and has a sub-transport path in a direction intersecting with the main transport path is provided, and the workpiece is placed in an arbitrary standby section, automatic welding work section, or manual welding work section in the sub-transport path. The work transfer member for mounting it has a structure provided to be movable along the sub-passage is for its features.

  As the work, for example, there is a revolving frame constituting an upper revolving structure of a construction machine. In this case, a wide variety of workpieces are mixed and supplied to the welding line. The automatic welding operation unit is provided with a welding robot, and the operation procedure for each type of work is built in the control device as teaching information. Moreover, it is a manual work in a manual welding operation part. Therefore, although the welding stage is provided as a set of the automatic welding work part and the manual welding work part, it is not always necessary to complete the work in the same set. For example, when automatic welding is completed in the automatic welding work section in the first set of welding stages, the work is continued in the first welding stage, and the manual welding work section in the second set welding stage is free. If there is, the workpiece can be fed into the manual welding operation portion of the second set of welding stages which are in an empty state.

  When there is no empty welding work part that can be worked after the welding work is finished at a specific welding work part, it is necessary to put the work on standby. Moreover, since only one workpiece transfer means is provided in the welding line, time for transferring the workpiece is also required. The standby unit is provided for this purpose, and waits for the workpiece to be loaded next until the welding operation is completed at the specific welding operation unit and the workpiece is unloaded. In the standby unit, only one workpiece installation table may be provided. However, since the welding stage is configured by arranging two welding operation units, a space for providing a plurality of workpiece installation tables in the standby unit is ensured. be able to. However, workpieces can be installed on the workpiece installation table facing the main transfer path by the workpiece transfer means, but when the workpiece is installed on the workpiece installation table other than the workpiece installation table at this position, The burden on the transfer means is increased, and there is a risk of hindering the transfer operation of the work to each welding work part. Therefore, a pitch feeding means is provided in the standby section so that the work transfer from the work setting table facing the main transfer path to another work setting table is sent by the in-stage work transfer means.

  Furthermore, it is set as the structure provided with the XY movement conveyance means for moving a workpiece | work directly from the any work installation stand which comprises a standby part to the automatic welding operation part or manual welding operation part of the position adjacent to this standby part. You can also. As a result, the burden on the transfer means is further eased.

  An automatic welding work part and a manual welding work part face the path along which the transfer means is transported by the main transport path and the sub transport path, and a work setting table for the standby part is also located. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the workpiece conveyed by the workpiece transfer means from interfering with these. For this purpose, it is desirable to carry the workpiece by the transfer means at a high place. Therefore, the workpiece transfer member includes a clamp member that clamps the workpiece so as to be held from below, and a lifting member that drives the clamp member to move up and down. And it is set as the structure which can raise / lower a workpiece | work to the height position which can mount a workpiece | work in each welding part by this raising / lowering member, and the height position which does not interfere with a welding operation member.

  The work can be efficiently performed with a compact construction of a welding line that is composed of a revolving frame or the like in an upper revolving body of a construction machine and is provided for welding a can-assembled work to connect constituent parts.

It is an external view of the turning frame of the upper turning body of the construction machine as an example of a workpiece to be welded. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a welding line showing an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the main conveyance path and the conveyance body with which this main conveyance path was mounted | worn. It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. It is BB sectional drawing of FIG. It is a front view which shows the structure of the workpiece mounting base of a standby part, and the workpiece conveyance means in a stage. FIG. 7 is a plan view of FIG. 6. It is a configuration explanatory view of an XY moving conveyance means.

    Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, an example of a workpiece to be welded is shown in FIG. The figure shows a revolving frame 1 in an upper revolving structure of a construction machine. The revolving frame 1 has a front working machine connected to the front side at the center and a counterweight placed on the rear side. Main frame portion 2 and left and right side frame portions 3, 4, a cab is installed in front of left side frame portion 3, and tanks are located in front of right side frame portion 4. Is installed. And equipments, such as an engine, are installed in the back position of revolving frame 1.

  The revolving frame 1 has a frame structure formed by spanning a predetermined number of beam members 7 between the left and right beams 5 and 6 that are box-shaped or D-shaped and the main frame portion 2. The beam member 7 spanned between the left and right side portions of the main frame portion 2 and the beams 5 and 6 is fixed by welding means.

  The workpiece 10 composed of the revolving frame 1 described above is welded while being conveyed along the welding line shown in FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 11 denotes a carry-in stage. The carry-in stage 11 includes two stock parts 11a and 11a and a carry-in part 11b, and the can-assembled work 10 is supplied from the outside to any one of the stock parts 11a. The workpiece 1 is sent from the stock portion 11a to the loading table 11b.

  Reference numeral 12 denotes a welding stage, and four sets of welding stages 12 are provided. In FIG. 2, four sets of welding stages 12 are provided in order of the first welding stage 12A, the second welding stage 12B, the third welding stage 12C, and the fourth welding stage 12D from the side closer to the carry-in stage 11. Is attached. However, in the following description, subscripts A to D are attached when referring to individual welding stages, but are referred to as welding stages 12 when the welding stages are collectively referred to.

  The welding stage 12 includes an automatic welding working unit 13 and a manual welding working unit 14. The automatic welding operation unit 13 includes a work table 13a and a welding robot 13b, and automatic welding is performed on the work 10 installed on the work table 13a by the welding robot 13b. The manual welding work unit 14 is provided with a work table 14 a similar to the automatic welding work unit 13. About the welding means of this manual welding operation part 14, it is installed in a predetermined position, or some equipment which constitutes the welding means may be carried by an operator.

  A carry-out stage 15 is provided on the downstream side of the welding stages 12A to 12D composed of four stages. Here, the unloading stage 15 is provided with three workpiece mounting tables 15a, 15b, and 15c. In the carry-out stage 15, in principle, the workpiece 10 for which both automatic and manual welding operations have been completed is placed on the workpiece placing table 15a, and sequentially moved to the workpiece placing tables 15b and 15c, and is moved out of the system from the workpiece placing table 15c. Will be taken out. Further, standby portions 16 are provided at positions between the first welding stage 12A and the second welding stage 12B and between the third welding stage 12C and the fourth welding stage 12D, respectively. And these standby parts 16 are also comprised from the three workpiece | work mounting parts 16a, 16b, and 16c. However, the order of the workpieces 10 to be placed on the workpiece placement units 16a, 16b, and 16c in the standby unit 16 is not particularly defined.

  With the above-described stage configuration, the workpiece 10 is welded by automatic welding using a welding robot and manual welding that corrects a portion where automatic welding is difficult. The workpiece 10 is transferred from the carry-in stage 11 to each welding stage 12A. To 12D, and sent to and taken out from the standby unit 16, and finally carried out by the carry-out stage 15. For transferring the workpiece 10, three kinds of transfer means are provided. ing.

  First, as the first transfer means, a main transfer path 20 from the carry-in stage 11 to the carry-out stage 15 through each welding stage 12 is provided. The main transport path 20 is taken out from the carry-in stage 11 and transported to one of the welding stages 12, and after the welding is completed in any one of the welding stages 12, the workpiece 10 is transferred from the welding stage 12 to the carry-out stage 15. Is provided for transporting. Here, a path including the carry-in stage 11, the welding stage 12, and the carry-out stage 15 is defined as a transport path in the X axis direction.

  The main conveyance path 20 is composed of left and right guide rails 20a, 20a. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the left and right guide rails 20a are engaged with an X-axis transfer body 21. Yes. The X-axis transfer body 21 can be reciprocated along the main transport path 20 by a drive mechanism (not shown). For this purpose, the X-axis transfer body 21 includes a support member 22, and brackets 23 are provided upright at the support member 22, and a rolling roller 24 is engaged with each bracket 23. By rolling along the guide rail 20a, it reciprocates in the X-axis direction. The X-axis transfer body 21 includes an upper position of the carry-in table 11 b in the carry-in stage 11, an upper position of the automatic welding work part 13 in each welding stage 12, and an automatic welding work part 13 in the welding stage 12 in the carry-out stage 15. The workpiece can be stopped at a position corresponding to the workpiece placing table 15a in the lined position and the workpiece placing unit 16a in the standby unit 16.

  A pair of guide rails 22 a and 22 a are attached to the lower surface of the support member 22 in the front-rear direction. Further, each welding stage 12 is fixedly provided with fixed guide rails 22b and 22b for sub-transport, and these fixed guide rails 22b and 22b are in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the main transport path 20 comprising the guide rail 20a. The transport path by these guide rails 22a and fixed guide rails 22b constitutes a sub-transport path in the Y-axis direction that intersects with the main transport path in the X-axis direction. Two or more rolling rollers 26 are engaged with both sides of the Y-axis transfer body 25, and these rolling rollers 26 reciprocate between the guide rail 22a and the fixed guide rail 22b. Will move. The Y-axis transfer body 25 is driven by a driving means (not shown) so as to be able to reciprocate between the automatic welding work part 13 and the manual welding work part 14.

  A foldable telescopic arm 27 is provided on the lower surface of the Y-axis transfer body 25. The upper and lower ends of the telescopic arm 27 are connected portions 27a, 27a, 27b, 27b. When the connecting portions 27a, 27a and 27b, 27b are separated from each other, the telescopic arm 27 is folded, and both When the connecting portions 27a and 27a and 27b and 27b are displaced in the approaching direction, they extend. A clamp member 28 is attached to the lower end of the telescopic arm 27, and the clamp member 28 is moved up and down by operating the telescopic arm 27.

  The clamp member 28 is provided on the support plate 28b in a state in which the plurality of clamp claws 28a and 28a face each other, and the clamp claws 28a on both sides can be displaced in directions toward and away from each other. When the two clamp claws 28a are separated from each other, the clamp is released, and when the clamp claws 28a are brought close to each other, the workpiece 10 is clamped so as to be held from below. Since the clamp member 28 can be moved up and down by the extendable arm 27, the clamp member 28 can be raised to a predetermined height position while the workpiece 10 is clamped. Accordingly, the workpiece transfer means 29 is configured by the Y-axis transfer body 25, the extendable arm 27 and the clamp member 28.

  Loading surface 11b of loading stage 11, automatic welding operation part 13 and manual welding operation part 14 of welding stage 12, work mounting table 15a of unloading stage 15, and mounting surface of work 10 on work mounting part 16a of standby unit 16 Are at the same height. When the telescopic arm 27 is extended, the workpiece 10 placed on the placement surface described above can be clamped by the clamp member 28. Further, when the telescopic arm 27 is folded while the workpiece 10 is clamped by the clamp member 28, the workpiece 10 rises, but the raised position does not interfere with the workpiece 10 placed on the placement surface. Become a high place.

  Next, the standby unit 16 is provided with workpiece placement units 16a, 16b, and 16c. These workpiece placement units 16a, 16b, and 16c are each provided with four pieces as shown in FIGS. The post 30 is configured. The workpiece 10 is supported by these four posts 30. The four posts 30 support the workpiece 10 at a predetermined height position, and a support plate 31 having a size that does not interfere with the post 30 is disposed at a lower position of the support position of the workpiece 10. The support plate 31 is connected to the carriage 33 via the lifting arm 32. Therefore, by driving the elevating arm 32, the support surface of the work 10 by the support plate 31 is lower than the support surface of the work 10 by the post 30 (solid line position in FIG. 7) and higher than that (virtual position in FIG. (Line position) can be moved up and down. The carriage 33 reciprocates between the workpiece placement portions 16a, 16b, and 16c along the rail 34. The support plate 31 and the carriage 33 constitute an in-stage work transfer means 35. This is the second transfer means. The carry-in stage 11 and the carry-out stage 15 are also provided with in-stage work transfer means 35 similar to the standby unit 16.

  Here, for example, the transfer distance of the workpiece 10 is short between the workpiece placement portion 16c of the standby portion 16 and the manual welding operation portion 14 at a position adjacent to the workpiece placement portion 16c. When the workpiece 10 is transferred by the axis transfer body 21 and the Y-axis transfer body 25 and the in-stage workpiece transfer means 35, the path becomes U-shaped, and the direction is changed twice. It becomes a movement, and the route becomes long. Furthermore, since it is necessary to change the workpiece 10, much time is required for transfer.

  From the above, a third transfer means is further provided. The transfer means for the workpiece 10 is provided with the XY moving and conveying means 40 shown in FIG. As is apparent from the figure, the XY moving conveyance means 40 is composed of an overhead crane. That is, the gate-shaped support portion 41 is provided with a crane arm 42, and a wire 43 is provided on the crane arm 42 so as to be wound and fed out by a winding means 44 such as a winch. A hook 45 is attached to the tip of the. The crane arm 42 is connected to the bridging member 41a of the support portion 41 so as to be movable in the lateral direction, and the crane arm 42 is movable in the front-rear direction with respect to the bridging member 41a. As a result, the hook 45 is movable in the XY directions. Therefore, by engaging a lifting tool for lifting the workpiece 10 with the hook 45, the workpiece 10 can be lifted to a predetermined height position and the workpiece 10 can be transferred.

  By configuring as described above, the welding stage has four stages, and each of the welding stages 12A to 12D includes the automatic welding working unit 13 and the manual welding working unit 14, After the welding operation is completed, the workpiece 10 can be transferred smoothly and quickly. Then, when the welding work in the automatic welding working part 13 is finished, the work 10 for which automatic welding has been finished is sent to one of the manual welding working parts 14, but at this time, it is not necessary to constitute the same welding stage. For example, if the manual welding work part 14 of any of the welding stages 12A to 12D is free after the work in the automatic welding work part 13 of the first welding stage 12A is completed, the manual is in the free state. It feeds into the welding work part 14. This transfer is performed by the workpiece transfer means 29.

  After the workpiece 10 temporarily welded in a can assembly state is transported from the carry-in stage 11b in the carry-in stage 11, it is supplied to one of the automatic welding work parts 13, but all the automatic welding work parts 13 perform welding work. There is a case where there is no free space. Further, after the welding work in the automatic welding work unit 13 is completed, a welding work in the manual welding work unit 14 is required, but there are cases where all the manual welding work parts 14 are not free. In such a case, the workpiece is placed on the workpiece placement unit 16 a in the standby unit 16. Here, depending on the workpiece transfer means 29, the workpiece 10 is transferred to the workpiece mounting table 16a in any of the plurality of standby units 16, and the workpiece mounting table 16a is transferred to the workpiece mounting table 16b or 16c or vice versa. When the workpiece 10 is moved, the in-stage workpiece transfer means 35 operates.

  When the welding work in any one of the automatic welding work part 13 or the manual welding work part 14 is finished and the work 10 is carried out, the work 10 waiting in the standby part 16 becomes the vacant automatic welding work part 13 or manual. It is fed into the welding work unit 14. At this time, when the workpiece transfer means 29 is moved along the main conveyance path 20 and the manual welding operation unit 14 is vacant, the workpiece 10 for which the welding operation by the automatic welding operation unit 13 has been completed is supplied by the automatic welding operation unit 13. Therefore, the workpiece transfer means 29 moves to a sub-transport path composed of guide rails 22 a provided in a direction orthogonal to the main transport path 20 and moves to a position corresponding to the manual welding operation unit 14. Further, the movement between the workpiece mounting tables 16 a to 16 c in the standby unit 16 is performed by the in-stage workpiece transfer means 35.

  When the workpiece 10 is transferred, welding work is performed in the automatic welding working unit 13 and the manual welding working unit 14 in each welding stage 12, so that the workpiece 10 being transferred does not interfere with these operations. There is a need to. Since the workpiece transfer means 29 is configured to pull up the clamp member 28 to a high place by the extendable arm 27, the workpiece 10 during welding work, the equipment such as the welding robot 13, and the welding work. The workpiece 10 can be transported without interfering with a person.

  Here, the movement of the workpiece 10 from any one of the workpiece placement units 16a to 16c constituting the standby unit 16 to the automatic welding operation unit 13 or the manual welding operation unit 14 is selected with the shortest moving distance. This shortens the transfer time. The transfer of the workpiece 10 is performed by the workpiece transfer means 29 that moves along the main transfer path and the sub-transfer path. For example, manual welding at a position close to the workpiece mounting portion 16c in the standby portion 16 is performed. For example, when the workpiece 10 is transferred to the part 14, it is preferable to directly feed the workpiece 10. For this purpose, an XY moving / conveying means 40 is provided. By operating the XY moving / conveying means 40, the workpiece 10 is transferred more quickly and smoothly. However, if the XY moving / conveying means 40 is operated over a wide range, it may interfere with other members and workers. Accordingly, the workpiece 10 is transferred from the workpiece mounting table 16b or 16c of the standby unit 16 to the automatic welding operation unit 13 or the manual welding operation unit 14 of the welding stage 12 adjacent to the workpiece mounting table 16b or 16c. It is desirable to limit from the 12D manual welding operation unit 14 to the work mounting table 15c of the carry-out stage 15.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Work 11 Carry-in stage 12, 12A-12D Welding stage 13 Automatic welding operation part 14 Manual welding operation part 15 Unloading stage 16 Standby part 16a-16c Workpiece mounting base 20 Main conveyance path 20a Guide rail 21 X-axis transfer body 22a Guide rail 25 Y-axis transfer body 27 Telescopic arm 28 Clamp member 29 Work transfer means 30 Post 31 Support plate 32 Lifting arm 33 Carriage 35 In-stage work transfer means 40 XY movement transfer means

Claims (4)

In a welding line that performs welding work of workpieces by automatic welding by welding means consisting of a welding robot and manual welding,
Manual welding unit and set the welding stage of arranging the mechanism for automatic welding means automatic welding unit and manual welding having a are provided several sets double,
In one or a plurality of locations between the welding stages, a standby unit having one or a plurality of workpiece installation units is disposed,
The plurality of sets of welding stages are arranged along a main conveyance path of the workpiece, and the standby unit is arranged at a position aligned with the welding stage,
A transfer body that is mounted on the main transport path and has a sub transport path in a direction intersecting with the main transport path is provided,
A work transfer member for transferring the work to any standby part, automatic welding work part or manual welding work part is provided in the sub transport path so as to be movable along the sub transport path. Features a welding line. The welding line according to claim 1, wherein the standby unit includes a plurality of workpiece setting tables, and the workpiece can be pitch-fed between the plurality of workpiece setting tables by an in-stage workpiece transfer means. It is characterized by comprising an XY movement conveying means for directly moving a workpiece from an arbitrary work installation base constituting the standby portion to an automatic welding operation portion or a manual welding operation portion adjacent to the standby portion. The welding line according to claim 2. The workpiece transfer member includes a clamp member that clamps the workpiece so as to hold the workpiece from below, and a lift member that drives the clamp member to move up and down. The welding line according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the workpiece can be raised to a position where the workpiece is placed on the workpiece and does not interfere with the welding work member.

Images