JP5351469B2 - Battery control system and battery control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a technique for supervising a state of the battery cells corresponding to a high voltage and a large capacity of the battery as constituted to connect the battery cell in series and in parallel. The battery is constituted by forming a block 4 connecting a plurality of the battery cells 5 in series, forming the serial block 7 connecting at least one of the blocks in series, and connecting a plurality of the serial blocks in parallel. The block controller 1 is provided in each of the blocks to supervise a state of the battery cell inside the block. Each of the block controller, the serial controller 2 and a host controller 3 are communicably connected by linking together. The serial controller is designed to supervise the serial block and the host controller is designed to supervise the whole state of the battery by supervising a parallel constitution of the serial block according to the data obtained from the serial controller.

Description

  The present invention monitors and controls the state of a unit cell in response to an increase in the capacity and capacity of a storage battery formed by connecting unit cells in series to form an assembled battery and connecting the assembled cells in series and parallel. The present invention relates to a battery control system and a battery control method for realizing downsizing of a system to be performed and ease of configuration change.

  In recent years, railway vehicles equipped with a hybrid system, which is a new power system, have been put into practical use. This hybrid system uses an electric motor for the driving force of a railway vehicle by combining an engine and a storage battery. Specifically, the electric power of the storage battery is used at the time of departure, and the electric motor is driven by combining the electric power of the generator and the storage battery operated by the engine at the time of acceleration. At the time of deceleration, an electric motor is used as a generator, and regenerative energy accompanying brake braking is converted into electricity to charge the storage battery.

  In the above-described storage battery, a configuration in which assembled batteries in which single cells are connected in series is connected in parallel is used. Usually, in a battery pack, due to variations in individual cell performance and temperature variations from cell to cell, a specific cell may be overdischarged or overcharged, and the performance of the cell may deteriorate early. . As a result, the performance of the entire storage battery may be reduced due to a single unit cell with degraded performance.

  In Patent Document 1, in a configuration in which assembled batteries are connected in parallel, a detector that monitors the state (current and temperature) of each assembled battery, and information related to the state of the assembled battery is acquired from the detector. A system including one overall controller that performs a determination process for disconnecting a simple assembled battery is disclosed. However, the capacity of the storage battery assumed in this disclosed system is about 24 V, 1 Ah.

However, a storage battery mounted on a railway vehicle is for a high voltage of about 1500V to 2000V. Therefore, when the configuration described in Patent Document 1 is applied as it is to the configuration of a storage battery for railway vehicles, the insulating portion provided in the detector must be able to handle 1500V to 2000V. As a result, there is a problem that the size of the insulating portion of the detector increases and the cost of the insulating portion also increases.
In addition, in the system described in Patent Document 1, in the case of increasing the voltage and capacity, a configuration change is made such that the number of cells is increased and the assembled battery is rebuilt, and the detector for monitoring the state of the cell is also rebuilt accordingly. There is also a problem that the configuration change is not easy.
JP 2005-528070 A

  Therefore, the present invention reduces the size of the system for monitoring and controlling the state of the unit cell in response to the increase in the voltage and capacity of the storage battery configured by connecting the assembled cells connected in series in series and parallel. It is another object of the present invention to provide a battery control system and a battery control method that realize the ease of configuration change.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention forms a block in which a plurality of single cells are connected in series, forms a series unit in which the blocks are connected in series, and has a configuration in which the series units are connected in parallel. a battery control system for an object of controlling the accumulator with operates is powered from the block, to monitor the temperature of the voltage and the blocks of said unit cells in the block, including the voltage and the temperature a plurality of first controller that sends block information, from said first controller receives the block information to obtain the voltage and current of the series unit with a sensor, SOC of the series unit, current, temperature monitoring, with a discharge control for performing an equalization of the charging amount between blocks constituting the series unit, if the voltage of the series units, current and SOC A second controller for transmitting serial unit information including the block information, the second receiving the serial unit information from the controller, the voltage across the series units in parallel, the current, SOC, at least one temperature monitoring wherein determining the abnormality of the block, and a third controller for controlling disconnecting the block there is an abnormality, it is constituted by the by the first controller to each other, communicatively-connected in a row, the second controller is communicatively coupled with more daisy chain from the first controller located at one end of the prior SL beaded, said third controller is communicatively connected to the second controller provided for each of the series unit, It is characterized by.

  According to the present invention, the unit cells are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery unit is connected in series and parallel. It is possible to reduce the size of the system for monitoring and control and to easily change the configuration.

  Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “embodiment”) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

《Comparative example》
First, the configuration of the battery control system in the comparative example will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a battery control system in a comparative example.
The battery control system 200 shown in FIG. 5 shows a case where the battery pack and the detector described in Patent Document 1 described in the background art are set as a set, and the set is connected in series, in response to the high pressure of the storage battery. ing.

First, the connection configuration of the storage battery will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the storage battery has a unit in which the plurality of single cells 5 are connected in series as a block 4, and a unit in which a plurality of the blocks 4 are connected in series (4a to 4 m) is a series unit 7. And a plurality of the serial units 7 are connected in parallel. And the end electrode of the series unit 7 is connected to the electrode terminal 6 (6a, 6b). Then, power is input / output from the electrode terminal 6.
In FIG. 5, only two series units 7 (7a, 7b) are shown, but three or more series units 7 may be connected in parallel in order to cope with an increase in capacity. .

  Next, a monitoring system for monitoring the cell 5 will be described. In the monitoring system, a block controller 10 is arranged for each serial unit 7. The block controller 10 monitors the cell voltage or SOC (State of Charge) of each cell 5 in the block 4 and also monitors the temperature in the block 4 via the temperature sensor TM. Further, the block controller 10 acquires the current and voltage of the series unit 7 through the current sensor CT and the voltage sensor PT, respectively. Then, the block controller 10 monitors the state of the unit cell 5 using the monitored SOC, temperature, current, and voltage, and transmits information related to the monitoring result to the overall controller 30. All the block controllers 10 shown in FIG. 5 perform the same operation.

Between the block controller 10 and the overall controller 30, a plurality of block controllers 10 are connected to one transmission medium connected to the overall controller 30. Communication between the general controller 30 and the block controller 10 is performed with one block controller 10 at a time.
The overall controller 30 receives information transmitted from each block controller 10 and controls the state of the entire storage battery. For example, when the general controller 30 receives information on a block 4 and determines that the block 4 is abnormal, the general controller 30 determines the block 4 in an abnormal state via a switching device (not shown) having a switching function. It is possible to take measures to detach.

  Further, the block controller 10 is provided with insulation 20 (hereinafter also referred to as an insulation part). This is because, since the potential of the block controller 10 is higher than the reference potential (ground) of the general controller 30 by the voltage of the series unit 7, it is necessary to protect the circuit in the block controller 10 by the insulation 20. It is. Furthermore, the insulation 20 needs to be provided with a withstand voltage so as to be able to cope with a potential that fluctuates due to noise generated around the storage battery installed in the railway vehicle.

  Further, in the current control system 200 in the comparative example, when the voltage of the series unit 7 is increased, the block 4 and the block controller 10 may be used as a set, and the set may be increased in series as a unit. Can be changed.

However, in the comparative example, there is a room for improvement for increasing the capacity of the storage battery. The room for improvement is shown below.
(1) When the pressure of the storage battery is increased, the insulation 20 must also have a higher breakdown voltage. Along with this, in order to secure the insulation distance, the size of the insulation part of the insulation 20 is particularly large, so that the device size of the block controller 10 is large.
(2) The overall controller 30 can communicate with only one block controller 10 at a time. Therefore, when the number of sets of the block 4 and the block controller 10 increases as the storage battery increases in pressure, the communication processing time for communication and the information processing for processing the received information are proportional to the number of the block controllers 10. Time increases. That is, the processing cycle for processing the information of the entire storage battery becomes long, and it becomes difficult to respond instantaneously to the abnormality of the block 4.
(3) Since the overall controller 30 monitors and controls both the serial and parallel blocks 4, the change of the program for executing the control becomes complicated in response to the increase in the voltage and capacity of the storage battery.

  Then, in order to cope with the high voltage and large capacity of the storage battery, an embodiment capable of realizing further downsizing of the system and easiness of changing the configuration will be described.

<Embodiment>
The configuration of the battery control system in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a battery control system in the present embodiment.

First, the connection configuration of the storage battery will be described. Since the unit cell 5, the block 4, and the series unit 7 are the same as those in the comparative example described above, the same reference numerals are given and the description is omitted. A plurality of series units 7 are connected in parallel, and the end electrodes of the series units 7 are connected to the electrode terminals 6 (6a, 6b). Then, power is input / output from the electrode terminal 6.
Although only two series units 7 (7a, 7b) are shown in FIG. 1, three or more series units 7 may be connected in parallel in order to cope with an increase in capacity. .

  Next, a monitoring system for monitoring the cell 5 will be described. In the monitoring system, a block controller 1 (first controller) is arranged for each block 4. A serial controller 2 (second controller) is provided between the block controller 1m (10) and the overall controller 3 (third controller).

The block controller 1 detects the unit cell voltage of each unit cell 5 in the block 4. Moreover, the block controller 1 detects the temperature for every block 4 via the temperature sensor TM. The block controller 1 is connected to each other in a daisy chain, and transmits the detected unit cell voltage and the temperature of the block 4 to the serial controller 2 as block information for each block in a step-by-step manner. The reason why the block information is transmitted in order is that the block controller 1 is provided with an insulating part, and therefore passes through a processing circuit protected from high voltage and high current by the insulating part. All the block controllers 1 shown in FIG. 1 perform the same operation.
Further, the block controller 1 is operated by being supplied with power from the assembled battery of the block 4.

And the serial controller 2 receives the information which the block controller 1 transmits. Moreover, the serial controller 2 acquires the current of the series unit 7 via the current sensor CT, and acquires the voltage of the series unit 7 via the voltage sensor PT. The serial controller 2 monitors the state of the serial unit 7. That is, the state of the series unit 7 is SOC, allowable charge / discharge current, and temperature. The current sensor CT and the voltage sensor PT need only be measured for the series unit 7.
Next, the serial controller 2 transmits serial unit information related to the state of the serial unit 7 to the overall controller 3.

Note that power supply to the series controller 2 is external power supply. As a result, even if any one of the block controllers 1 does not operate, the serial controller 2 is operating. Therefore, it is possible to transmit information related to the block controller 1 that has stopped operating to the general controller 3. .
Further, if power is supplied from any of the blocks 4 to the serial controller 2, the power consumption differs between the block controller 1 and the serial controller 2. Therefore, the power consumption of the block 4 is unbalanced, and the remaining battery level (SOC) of the block 4 related to the power supply of the series controller 2 is deviated from the SOC of the other blocks. Inconsistency occurs in the SOC.

The overall controller 3 receives the serial unit information transmitted from each serial controller 2 and controls the state of the entire storage battery. That is, the overall controller 3 monitors the parallel state of the serial unit 7.
The serial controller 2 and the general controller 3 are connected to each serial controller 2 by a separate transmission medium (optical fiber, communication cable, etc.). Therefore, the overall controller 3 is provided with a connection portion that can connect the number of transmission media of the serial controller 2.

Next, the insulation part with which the block controller 1 and the serial controller 2 are provided is demonstrated below.
The block controller 1 is provided with insulation 8 (first insulation). Since the block controller 1 is supplied with power from the block 4, the insulation 8 only needs to have a withstand voltage against the voltage of the block 4. That is, the insulation 8 only needs to have a withstand voltage against a voltage lower than the voltage of the series unit 7 (the voltage of the block 4).
Further, the series controller 2 is provided with an insulation 9 (second insulation). This insulation 9 has the same breakdown voltage as the insulation 20 (see FIG. 5) shown in the comparative example (see FIG. 5). The insulation 9 needs to have a withstand voltage against the voltage of the series unit 7.
Therefore, the breakdown voltage of the insulation 8 may be lower than the breakdown voltage of the insulation 9.

  As described above, according to the battery control system 100 in the embodiment described above, by supplying power from the block controller 1 from the block 4, the breakdown voltage of the insulation 8 included in the block controller 1 is more than the breakdown voltage of the insulation 20 shown in the comparative example. Can be small. Therefore, the block controller 1 can be downsized. Further, in order to reduce the withstand voltage of the insulation 8, it is necessary to connect the block controllers 1 in a daisy chain. Then, by connecting the block controllers 1 in a daisy chain, the block 4 and the block controller 1 are combined into a set, and the same set is added in series, thereby increasing the pressure. That is, the ease of configuration change is realized.

Further, by providing the series controller 2, if the series controller 2 is connected to the voltage sensor PT and the current sensor CT and acquires the information, information necessary for monitoring the state of the series unit 7 is prepared. Is possible. Accordingly, the number of connection destinations of the voltage sensor PT and the current sensor CT can be reduced, and the number of wirings can be reduced. That is, the current control system 100 can be reduced in size.
In addition, since the serial controller 2 is provided, the overall controller 3 may be provided with connection portions having connectors equivalent to the number of the serial controller 2, so that the connection portion can be prevented from becoming enormous. .

Further, by providing the serial controller 2, the serial controller 2 monitors the state of the serial unit 7, and the overall controller 3 monitors the parallel state of the serial unit 7, so that each processing share can be divided. It becomes possible.
For example, since the configuration of the serial unit 7 in the serial direction may be changed by increasing or decreasing the block 4, the program in the serial controller 2 may be changed, and the hardware may be changed by increasing or decreasing the withstand voltage of the insulation 8. That is, it can be dealt with by changing the serial controller 2.
Further, the change in the parallel number of the serial unit 7 corresponding to the increase in capacity may be an increase / decrease in the number of connections in the connection section of the overall controller 3 and a program change corresponding to the increase / decrease in the number of connections. Therefore, it is possible to cope with the change of the overall controller 3.
As described above, the change of the program only needs to be considered only in series or only in parallel, and the ease of configuration change can be realized.
In this way, it becomes easy to construct battery control systems having various series-parallel configurations.

Note that the battery control system 100 may be provided with a control function (not shown) and perform control for separating the abnormal block 4. In this case, the overall controller 3 determines which block 4 has an abnormality using the serial unit information received from the serial controller 2 and separates the corresponding block 4 using the control function based on the determination result. Control can be performed.
In addition, the battery control system 100 may include a discharge function for each block 4 (not shown) and perform control to equalize the charge amount between the blocks 4. In this case, the serial controller 2 operates the discharge function based on the block information received from the block controller 1.

(Modification)
A modification of the battery control system 100 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2-4 is a figure which shows the modification of a structure of a battery control system, respectively.
First, the difference between FIG. 2 and FIG. 1 is the connection form of the serial controller 2 and the general controller 3. In FIG. 2, the communication between the serial controller 2 and the overall controller 3 is connected by a single transmission medium. Therefore, even if the number of series controllers 2 increases, the size of the connecting portion of the overall controller does not increase.
Next, the difference between FIG. 3 and FIG. 1 is that the insulating portion 8b (8) provided in the block controller 1 is composed of two pieces. That is, separate insulating portions 8b (8) are provided for communication with the upper block controller 1 and for communication with the lower block controller 1. By providing the insulating portions 8b (8) as shown in FIG. 3, it becomes easy to increase the distance between the insulating portions 8b (8), and thus the required breakdown voltage can be kept small. As a result, it is possible to reduce the size and insulation distance of the elements necessary for the withstand voltage. Similarly, the insulation 9 of the series controller can be divided to realize downsizing of the insulating element.
4 and FIG. 1 is that the serial controller 2 and the overall controller 3 are connected differently and that the block controller 1 includes two insulating portions 8b (8). . Therefore, even if the number of series controllers 2 increases, the size of the connecting portion of the overall controller does not increase. Further, since it becomes easy to increase the distance between the insulating portions 8b (8), it is easy to ensure the withstand voltage.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment and the modification were demonstrated, this invention is not limited to these, It can implement in the range which does not change the meaning. For example, the storage battery described in the embodiment can be used as a storage battery for wind power generation, and is not limited to a substation, instead of a facility for absorbing and discharging regenerative power installed at a substation in a railway. It is also possible to install and use.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the battery control system in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification of a structure of a battery control system. It is a figure which shows the modification of a structure of a battery control system. It is a figure which shows the modification of a structure of a battery control system. It is a figure which shows the structure of the battery control system in a comparative example.

Explanation of symbols

1 block controller 2 series controller 3 general controller 4 block 5 unit cell 6 electrode terminal 7 series unit 8 (8a, 8b) insulation (low pressure)
9 Insulation (high pressure)
100 (100a, 100b, 100c) Battery control system

Claims (6)

A battery control system for controlling a storage battery having a configuration in which a plurality of cells are connected in series, a series unit in which the blocks are connected in series is formed, and the series units are connected in parallel. Because
Operates is powered from the block, to monitor the temperature of the voltage and the blocks of said unit cells in the block, a plurality of first controllers for transmitting the block information including the voltage and the temperature,
Receiving the block information from the first controller, obtained using sensors and a voltage and current of the series unit, SOC of the series unit, current, monitor the temperature, between blocks constituting the series unit A second controller for performing discharge control for equalizing the amount of charge and transmitting serial unit information including the serial unit voltage, current and SOC, and the block information ;
The serial unit information is received from the second controller , and at least one of voltage, current, SOC, and temperature is monitored between the parallel serial units to determine an abnormality of the block, and it is determined that there is an abnormality a third controller for controlling disconnecting the block,
Composed by
The first controllers are connected to each other so as to communicate with each other,
The second controller is further communicatively-connected in a row from the first controller located at one end of the prior SL beaded,
The third controller is communicatively connected to a second controller provided for each serial unit;
A battery control system characterized by. The second controller operates by being supplied with power from an external power source;
The battery control system according to claim 1. In the series unit, when adding the cells connected in series, add the block and the first controller as a set,
The battery control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein When increasing the capacity of the storage battery, adding the first unit and the second controller corresponding to the series unit and the series unit as a set,
The battery control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Wherein the first controller comprises an insulating front Kize' edge, and for insulation and insulation of the connected one of the first controller in daisy chain, and connected the other of the first controller in daisy chain, The battery control system according to claim 1, wherein the battery control system is configured by an individual insulating part. Used in a battery control system for monitoring a storage battery having a configuration in which a plurality of cells are connected in series to form a series unit in which the blocks are connected in series, and the series units are connected in parallel. A battery control method comprising:
The battery control system includes:
A plurality of first controllers that operate by being supplied with power from the block and monitor the voltage of the unit cells and the temperature of the block in the block, and the first controller is connected in a daisy chain for each series unit. A second controller communicatively connected to the first controller located at one end of the daisy chain, and a third controller communicatively connected to the second controller,
Wherein the first controller transmits the block information including the temperature of the voltage and the blocks of the unit cells before Symbol block to the second controller forward,
The second controller, wherein the first controller receives the block information to obtain the voltage and current of the series unit with a sensor, SOC of the series unit, current, temperature monitoring, the serial unit Discharge control for equalizing the amount of charge between the blocks constituting the same , and transmitting the serial unit information including the voltage, current and SOC of the serial unit and the block information to the third controller,
The third controller receives the serial unit information from the second controller , and monitors at least one of voltage, current, SOC, and temperature between the parallel serial units to determine an abnormality of the block, Controlling to cut off the block determined to be,
A battery control method.

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