JP5333337B2 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5333337B2 JP5333337B2 JP2010101202A JP2010101202A JP5333337B2 JP 5333337 B2 JP5333337 B2 JP 5333337B2 JP 2010101202 A JP2010101202 A JP 2010101202A JP 2010101202 A JP2010101202 A JP 2010101202A JP 5333337 B2 JP5333337 B2 JP 5333337B2
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Description
他方、近年、半導体装置は、軽く且つ小さいだけでなく高速で作動し、高い機能を備えることを要求されている。半導体チップをインターポーザやマザーボード等の装置に搭載する場合、上記要求を満足するものとして、はんだボールを使用したフリッチチップタイプの搭載方法がある。しかし、この方法では、半導体チップの電極パッド間が狭ピッチであるため、接続に使用されるはんだボールは、ボール径が小さく、バラツキも少ない特別の仕様となり、非常に高価となる。回路面の封止のために使用されるアンダーフィルも、半導体チップとマザーボードの間の狭い隙間を埋めるにあたってボイド等が発生しないことが特性として要求されるため、半導体チップやマザーボードの仕様毎に流れ性や密着性などを改善した特別仕様となる場合が多い。従って、フリップチップタイプの半導体装置は、コストが高くなる。
フリッチチップタイプの搭載方法においてはんだボールを使用する代わりに、金属ワイヤを使用することが考えられる。金属ワイヤの使用は、自動ワイヤボンダーを使用した従来のワイヤボンディングにおいて発展している。しかし、従来のワイヤボンディングでは、金属ワイヤの先端部を半導体チップの先端に接合し、金属ワイヤの所望の部分をマザーボードの電極に接合した後、キャピラリを動かして金属ワイヤを引っ張ることにより金属ワイヤを切断する。この場合、金属ワイヤは引きちぎられるので、金属ワイヤの切断部は一様な形状にならず、引きちぎられた金属ワイヤの長さも一様にならないという問題があった。
柱状電極はワイヤからなる。そして、前記柱状電極はワイヤを少なくとも部分的に膨大化してなる。あるいは、前記柱状電極は複数のワイヤを1つの柱状電極の形体に接合してなる。
図1は本発明の第1実施例による半導体装置10を示す部分断面斜視図である。図2ははんだボール付着前の図1の半導体装置を示す断面図である。
図1及び図2において、半導体装置10は、複数の電極パッド12を有する半導体素子14と、複数の電極パッド12に接続され且つ半導体素子14に対して垂直に延びる複数の柱状電極16と、半導体素子14及び柱状電極16を覆う樹脂層18と、柱状電極16に電気的に接続されるように樹脂層18の表面に配置された外部端子20とを備える。
樹脂層18は、半導体素子14の表面に形成された柔軟性を有する第1の樹脂層18aと、第1の樹脂層18aよりも半導体素子14から遠い側にあり第1の樹脂層18aよりも高い弾性をもつ第2の樹脂層18bとからなる。第1の樹脂層18aはシリコン系樹脂や低弾性エポキシ系樹脂等からなるヤング率が数〜数100kg/mm2 の低弾性樹脂であり、第2の樹脂層18bは高弾性エポキシ系樹脂等からなるヤング率が1000〜2000kg/mm2 の高弾性樹脂である。
四角マークで示される例では、外部端子20が0.8mmピッチで配置され、樹脂層18の厚さが100μmのときにバンプ応力が4.3kg/mm2 であった。菱形マークで示される例では、外部端子20が0.5mmピッチで配置され、樹脂層18の厚さが150μmのときにバンプ応力が4.3kg/mm2 となる。
図10は膨大部分を有する柱状電極の形成方法の他の例を示す図である。この例でも、柱状電極16をワイヤボンダーを用いてボンディングワイヤによって形成する。図8の例と同様に、図9において、ワイヤボンダーのキャピラリ32をウエハ30の電極パッド12から上方へ持ち上げ、ボンディングワイヤ36を形成する。それから、電気スパーク発生装置38でボンディングワイヤ36に電気スパークを印加する。このとき、電気スパークのエネルギーは、ボンディングワイヤ36の一部が小塊状に丸くなり、かつ、ボンディングワイヤ36が丸くなった小塊において切断される程度となるように設定する。こうして、ワイヤ部分16aと膨大部分16bとを有する柱状部分16が形成される。
樹脂層18はスピンコートされた比較的に軟らかい樹脂からなる。逆に言えば、樹脂層18はスピンコートが可能なほどに軟らかいシリコン樹脂又は低弾性のエポキシ樹脂からなる。そして、柱状電極16は主としてボンディングワイヤで形成されている。
図16は図14の半導体装置の変形例を示す図である。この例では、柱状電極16を構成するボンディングワイヤの端部が、再配線導体部分50に接合され、それから途中で曲がって再び再配線導体部分50に接合され、それから樹脂層18の表面に向かって延びている。この例は、よりフレキシビリティのある柱状電極16を得るのに有効であり、また、再配線導体部分50が断線している場合でも柱状電極16がその断線を補償することができることがある。
図26は図24の柱状電極の露出方法の変形例を示す図である。この例では、金の電極パッド12に対して、柱状電極16は金の部分16x及びはんだの部分16yを含む構成になっている。銅の帯部材72及びヒータ74が使用される。
図27(C)において、ハーフカット用工具82は金属ワイヤ80及びキャピラリ81と関連して作動するように配置されている。工具82を作動させ、金属ワイヤ80の所望の位置にハーフカット処理を行い、金属ワイヤ80に物理的な傷をつける。実施例においては、工具82は金属ワイヤ80の両側に配置され、互いに近づき且つ離れるように作動される一対のブレードからなる。
図27(F)において、キャピラリ81がある距離上昇したら、キャピラリ81に設けられたクランパによってキャピラリ81をクランプし、キャピラリ81をさらに上昇させる。すると、金属ワイヤ80は引っ張られ、ハーフカット処理を行った窪み80bの位置で確実に切断される。こうして、切断された金属ワイヤ80は端部80cを有するピンワイヤ84になる。
図33(A)は再配線技術により形成された再配線電極83Aにピンワイヤ84を接合した半導体素子85を示す図である。この場合にも、多数のピンワイヤ84は全てほぼ一様な長さを有し、外部端子となる。
図34(A)から図34(C)は再配線電極83Aにピンワイヤ84を接合した半導体素子85の詳細を示す図である。図34(A)において、半導体素子85はIC回路に直接に接続された電極パッド88Aを有し、絶縁層87が半導体素子85を覆って形成される。柱状電極88B及び導電膜88Cが絶縁層87を通って電極パッド88Aに接続され、再配線電極83Aは適切な配置パターンで導電膜88Cに接続される。各再配線電極83Aは各電極パッド88Aに接続されているが、再配線電極83Aの位置は電極パッド88Aの位置とは異なっている。
ワイヤボンディング技術を使用したピンワイヤ84の形成は再配線電極(電極部)83Aを含む回路面に与えるダメージが少ないため、ピンワイヤ84は、半導体素子85の電極パッドだけでなく、再配線技術により形成された電極83Aに接合されるのに適している。このため、ピンワイヤ84を有する複数の半導体素子を積み重ねた半導体装置を得ることもできる。さらに、ピン部80dの長さtがピン部80dの直径Φa及びΦbを超えない条件において、ピン部80dの長さtとピン部80dの直径ΦaやΦbは自由に長さや大きさを選択することができる。上記の特徴から、ダメージレス接合やチップスタック化、フレキシブルボンディング、低コストであるトランスファーモールド一括封止などが可能となり、軽量、小型だけでなく高速動作可能で複数の高い機能を備えた半導体装置を低コストで得ることができる。
図40(A)及び図40(B)はピンワイヤ84の直径を変えることによるインピーダンスマッチングの例を示す図である。インターポーザ89はランド89A及びランド89Aからピンワイヤ84に接続される電極まで延びる配線89Bを有する。インターポーザ89側の設計により、配線89Bの長さが変わることがある。図40(A)に示される配線89Bの長さは、図40(B)に示される配線89Bの長さよりも長い。このような場合には、図40(A)に示されるピンワイヤ84の直径を太くし、図40(B)に示されるピンワイヤ84の直径を補足することにより、インピーダンスマッチングを達成することができる。
図42(A)から図42(E)はメッキ部によりピンワイヤを接合した半導体装置の例を示す図である。図42(A)において、凹部93Aを形成したリードフレーム93を準備し、図42(B)において、凹部93Aの表面にメッキしてメッキ部93Bを形成する。図42(C)において、半導体素子85のピンワイヤ84の先端をメッキ部93Bに接合する。熱圧着により、ピンワイヤ84の先端はメッキ部93Bに簡単に接合する。図42(D)において、半導体素子85を樹脂94により樹脂封止する。樹脂94は半導体素子85とリードフレーム93との間の空間を埋める。それから、図42(E)において、リードフレーム93を化学的なエッチングにより溶かし、メッキ部93Bを露出させる。メッキ部93Bはピンワイヤ84の先端に付着している。このようにして、メッキ部93Bはピンワイヤ84とともに外部端子となる。この技術はフェイスアップタイプのBCC(Bump Chip Carrier )パッケージと比較して、小型化、ファインピッチ化、高速化を実現できる。
図45は半導体装置の一例を示す平面図である。図46は図45の平面的に配置された複数の半導体素子を含む半導体装置の例を示す図である。図45(A)及び図46(A)において、それぞれにピンワイヤ84を有する複数の半導体素子85が金属板97に平面的に配置される。ピンワイヤ84には導電材料90を付着させてある。複数の半導体素子85は接着剤98によって金属板97に固定される。図46(B)において、複数の半導体素子85はピンワイヤ84によりインターポーザ89に搭載される。図46(C)において、半導体素子85を樹脂94により樹脂封止し、インターポーザ89の反対面側に金属ボール96を接合して、半導体パッケージを完成する。図45(B)は金属ボール96の配置を示している。
図51から図53はピンワイヤを有する半導体装置の製造方法の一例を示す図である。図51(A)においては、半導体ウエハ101を準備し、集積回路及び電極パッドの形成や、必要に応じて再配線電極を形成する。図51(B)においては、ピンワイヤ84を半導体ウエハ101の電極部(電極パッド又は再配線電極)83に接合する。図51(C)においては、半導体ウエハ101のピンワイヤ84とは反対側の表面に接着性テープ102を貼りつける。
12 電極パッド
14 半導体素子
16 柱状電極
16a ワイヤ部分
16b 膨大部分
18 樹脂層
20 外部端子
20a はんだボール
22 回路基板
24 電極パッド
30 ウエハ
32 キャピラリ
34 小塊
36 ボンディングワイヤ
50 再配線導体部分
80 金属ワイヤ
81 キャピラリ
82 ハーフカット用工具
83 電極部
84 ピンワイヤ
85 半導体素子
Claims (3)
- 半導体素子上に、前記半導体素子に配置された電極パッドに接続される再配線を形成する工程と、
前記再配線上に柱状電極を形成する工程と、
前記再配線及び前記柱状電極を覆う樹脂層を形成する工程と、
を有し、
前記柱状電極を形成する工程は、
金属ワイヤにハーフカット処理を行う工程と、
前記ハーフカット処理を行った後に、前記金属ワイヤの先端を前記再配線に圧着させる工程と、
前記圧着させる工程の後に、前記金属ワイヤを前記再配線から離れる方向に引張り、前記ハーフカット処理が行われた個所で前記金属ワイヤを切断する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記樹脂層はシリコン樹脂またはエポキシ樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記ハーフカット処理は、前記金属ワイヤの両側に配置された一対のブレードで前記金属ワイヤを挟むことにより、前記金属ワイヤに物理的な傷をつける工程であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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