JP5328931B2 - 低欠陥密度の自立窒化ガリウム基板の製法およびそれにより製造されたデバイス - Google Patents
低欠陥密度の自立窒化ガリウム基板の製法およびそれにより製造されたデバイス Download PDFInfo
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
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Description
− 空隙まで下方に曲がり、その結果その中で終結する、
− 境界内で上方に曲がり、表面まで上方へ貫通する。
− TDのバーガースベクトルは表面に対し垂直ではない;このため、真直ぐな転位ラインは、法線に対し一定の角度でそれを方向づけようとする力を受けることになる。
− 支持体上に犠牲床101を形成するステップと;
− 前記犠牲床101上にピラー102を形成するステップであって、前記ピラー102がGaNエピタキシャル成長と相容性のある材料で作られているステップと;
− 窒化物結晶層103が、ピラーの間に形成されたホール内を支持体に至るまで延在しないような成長条件の下で、ピラー上102に窒化物結晶層103を成長させるステップと;
− 支持体100から窒化物結晶層103を除去するステップと、
を含む方法に関する。
− 犠牲床上にGaN層をエピタキシャル成長させるステップと;
− 複数の開口部を含むマスクをGaN層上に被着するステップと;
− 支持体に至るまでGaN層をエッチングしてGaNピラー102を形成するステップと、
によって形成される。
− ピラーを含むGaN層を得るステップと;
− 前記犠牲床上に前記ピラーをボンディングするステップと;
− 前記ピラーの上に延在する前記GaN層を除去するステップと、
によって形成される。
以上で記述した通り、本発明に係る方法は、ELO技術と元来の分離プロセスとを組合せたものである。
− 当業者にとって周知の通りに沿面成長を増強するべくMOVPE成長を続行するものの成長パラメータ(温度、圧力、V/III比、界面活性剤の導入)を変化させる。
− HVPE反応装置内に成長した状態のこの層を移送する。
− 三角形ストライプ構造を保つものの、より厚みのあるMOVPE層を得て、HVPE反応装置内にさらに安全に移送できるようにする。
− ピラーの上面上に残った選択的マスク。
本発明は、低欠陥密度の自立窒化ガリウム(GaN)を生産するプロセスにおいて、
− 米国特許第6802902号明細書(ULD)に記載されている通りのサファイア基板上にMOVPEによりGaN層を被着させるステップ(図1A参照)と;
− パターンを形成する複数の第1の開口部を伴う第1の選択的マスクを被着させるステップ(図1Bおよび1C参照)と;
− エピタキシャル条件下で前記マスク上に窒化ガリウム層を最初に再成長させるステップ(図1D−1F参照)と;
を含むプロセスに関する。
プロセスの次のステップは、第1の開口部のパターンのピッチが第2の開口部のピッチと同一であることを条件として、第1の開口部と同じパターンを形成し、精確に第1の開口部の上にある複数の第2の開口部を伴う第2のマスクの被着である(図2A参照)。
MOVPEにより実施される第2のエピタキシャル成長ランの間、GaN成長は、自由なGaN表面9上でのみ発生する。
先に記述した通りの構造、すなわち選択的マスク上に載っているELO品質のGaNピラーは、6枚の2’’ウエハーを保持することのできるHVPE反応装置の中に導入される。再成長はエピタキシャル条件で実施される。
このような基板を製造する方法には、図1および図2に概略的に示した通りの複数のステップが含まれる。
使用可能な自立ウエハーを得るためには、少なくとも300μmの厚みを達成すべきである。このような厚みをMOVPEで達成することはできない。したがって、適切な厚みを得、合体境界からTDを散乱させ、さらにTD密度を低下させるためには、別の成長技術を実施しなければならない。
GaCl+NH3→GaN+HCl+H2
という反応を介してGaNを形成させる。
しかしながら実施例2では、ピラーを形成するためにストライプを溝彫りした後、上面マスク8は除去されない。MOVPEにおいて成長が再開できる。
実施例3では、ELOプロセスおよびピラー溝の両方のためのマスクパターンは、六角形の二次元アレイである(図9A参照)。ELO GaNを、実施例1の場合と同様に成長させる。MOVPE ELOの第1ステップが達成された時点で、図9Aに示されている通りの六角形のアレイからなる第2のマスクを、第1のマスクの上に精確に被着させる。RIEエッチングの後、「ハニカム」構造が形成される(図8Bを参照)。先の実施例とは反対に、この段階でエッチングを、上面表面から少なくとも部分的に達成することができる。こうして、最終的分離はより容易になる。
実施例4では、その他の開口部アレイを使用する(図10)。それらのうち、非対称開口部を使用し、こうしてその他のマスク設計におけるTDの多重曲げが可能となる。
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Claims (16)
- 成長面(105)を含む支持体(100)上でのエピタキシャル成長により窒化物単結晶を製造するための方法において、
− 前記支持体(100)上に犠牲床(101)を形成するステップであって、前記犠牲床は、前記成長面を露出させる開口部を有するステップと;
− GaNエピタキシャル成長と相溶性を有する材料からなるピラー層をエピタキシャル成長させるステップであって、前記ピラー層は、露出された前記開口部から成長するとともに、前記犠牲床上にも延伸するステップと;
− 前記ピラー層をパターニングすることにより前記犠牲床上にピラー(102)を形成するステップと;
− 前記ピラーの間の前記成長面の部分が被覆されるように、マスクを形成するステップと;
− 窒化物結晶層(103)が前記ピラーの間に形成されたホール(107)の中を支持体に至るまで延在しないような条件の下で、前記ピラー上に前記窒化物結晶層(103)を成長させるステップであって、1本のピラーの前記高さDと隣接する2本のピラー間の距離dの比率D/dが1.5以上であるステップと;
− 前記支持体から前記窒化物結晶層を除去するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 各ピラーが壁(104)を含み、前記壁が前記支持体の前記成長面に対して垂直である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが同じ高さ(D)を有する、請求項1〜2のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーの上部面が前記ピラーの成長面を画定し、前記ピラーの前記成長面の表面が、前記支持体の前記成長面の全ての表面の20%超である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーの前記上部面が前記ピラーの成長面を画定し、前記ピラーの前記成長面の前記表面が、前記支持体の前記成長面の前記全ての表面の80%未満である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記D/d比が2以上である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが分離したピラーである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーが前記支持体上に等分布している、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーがGaNで作られている、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記犠牲床が化学的除去可能な材料で作られている、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記犠牲床がSiO 2 で作られている、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記窒化物結晶層を前記支持体から除去する前記ステップが、前記犠牲床の前記化学的エッチングを含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ピラーの間の前記マスクが、前記窒化物結晶層の成長時に、多結晶の被着を回避する、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- エピタキシャル成長により窒化物単結晶を請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって製造するための基板において、支持体および前記支持体上の複数のピラーを含み、前記支持体と前記ピラーとの間の犠牲床をさらに含む、基板。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法による基板と前記基板上の窒化物単結晶を含む半導体材料において、前記基板が支持体、前記支持体上の犠牲床および前記犠牲床上の複数のピラーを含む、半導体材料。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得られる、ピラーを含む窒化物単結晶。
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