JP5320125B2 - Ventilation structure and heat-insulating air-permeable member - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ventilation structure of a building, capable of enhancing ventilation efficiency while keeping an indoor environment good, and an air-permeable member. <P>SOLUTION: The ventilation of the interior of a room is provided by the ventilation structure which is formed by partitioning an indoor space with the air-permeable member 1 and which is provided with a buffering space 4 having a daylighting portion 2. The ventilation structure provides natural ventilation by using an exhaust opening 3 formed in the buffering space 4, and an air supply opening 7 formed in the indoor space. The mean opening diameter of the exhaust opening 3 is 30 mm or less. The volume of the buffering space 4 is on the order of 1-30 vol.% with respect to that of the indoor space. The air-permeable member 1, which contains wet-heat adhesive fibers, is made of a nonwoven fiber structure in which the fibers are fixed by the fusion bonding of the wet-heat adhesive fibers. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilation structure, a ventilation method, and a heat-insulating and air-permeable member for ventilating a building (building or building).

  Conventionally, natural ventilation, type 1 mechanical ventilation, type 2 mechanical ventilation, and type 3 mechanical ventilation are known as methods for ventilation of buildings. Mechanical ventilation is a method of mechanically supplying and / or exhausting air, whereas natural ventilation is a method of performing ventilation using natural energy such as a temperature difference inside and outside the room and wind pressure. Such natural ventilation has the characteristics that it is energy saving and has few failures, but it has the disadvantage that the ventilation amount is insufficient depending on the conditions.

  In order to eliminate the disadvantages in natural ventilation, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-308312 (Patent Document 1) discloses one natural ventilation opening formed on the wall surface of a room using a temperature difference between indoor and outdoor. A natural ventilation system has been proposed in which outside air is taken into a room and the room air is discharged from the other natural ventilation opening formed on the wall surface of the room. In this system, by providing two openings, which are the air inlet and outlet, with a predetermined area and a predetermined interval, it is possible to remove harmful chemical substances in the room effectively and solve the problem of crime prevention. doing.

  However, in this natural ventilation system, the area of the opening must be increased in order to provide sufficient ventilation. Furthermore, since the opening is formed wide, rainwater, snow, or the like easily enters the room.

  As a ventilation device for preventing rainwater and snow from entering a room through an opening for natural ventilation, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-57213 (Patent Document 2) is applied to electrical equipment boxes such as distribution boards and switchboards. In a ventilating device for ventilation, a device is proposed in which a mounting opening provided on an outer wall of a box and provided with a dustproof insectproof filter is covered with a louver plate covering from the outer surface side.

  However, in this ventilation device, it is necessary to increase the area of the opening in order to perform sufficient ventilation. Therefore, when this device is applied to a building, a large ventilation device is installed in addition to the window, the installation site is limited, and the device must be an expensive device.

  In addition, in international publication WO2007 / 116676 (patent document 3), it has a nonwoven fiber structure by heat-processing the nonwoven fiber assembly containing a wet heat adhesive fiber with high temperature steam, and it is thickness direction. A hard molded body in which wet-heat adhesive fibers are fused with a uniform adhesion rate is manufactured. This document describes that the hard molded body can be used as a building material board.

  However, this document does not describe either the ventilation structure or the member used for the ventilation structure.

JP 2004-30831 A (Claims) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-57213 (Claim 1, paragraph [0001]) International Publication No. WO2007 / 116676 (Claims, Examples)

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a building ventilation structure, a ventilation method, and a breathable member that can improve ventilation efficiency while maintaining a good indoor environment.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a building ventilation structure, a ventilation method, and a breathable member that can efficiently and naturally ventilate a room without excessively increasing the temperature of a room in which sunlight falls.

  Still another object of the present invention is to provide a building ventilation structure, a ventilation method, and a breathable member that can efficiently and naturally ventilate even with a small ventilation opening.

  As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that when a buffer space formed by partitioning an indoor space with a breathable member is used, ventilation efficiency can be improved while maintaining a good indoor environment. The present invention has been completed.

  That is, the ventilation structure of the present invention includes a buffer space in which the indoor space is partitioned by a breathable member and has a daylighting unit. The breathable member may include a non-woven fiber structure including wet heat adhesive fibers, and the fibers fixed by fusion of the wet heat adhesive fibers. The non-woven fiber structure may be composed of a non-woven fiber structure having the following characteristics (1) to (7).

(1) Ethylene-vinyl alcohol in which the wet heat adhesive fiber contains a wet heat adhesive resin continuous in the length direction on the fiber surface, and the wet heat adhesive fiber has an ethylene unit content of 5 to 60 mol%. (2) Apparent density is 0.05 to ³ g / cm ³ (3) Air permeability is 5 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec) or more (4) Thermal conductivity is 0.5 to 15 W / (m ² · K) (5) In the cross section in the thickness direction, the fiber adhesion rate in each region divided into three equal parts in the thickness direction is 3 to 85%, and the fiber adhesion rate in each region The ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value is 50% or more. (6) The maximum bending stress in at least one direction is 0.05 MPa or more, and the bending amount indicating the maximum bending stress is 1.5 times the bending amount. Bending stress is the maximum bending stress (7) The thickness is 5 to 15 mm.

  The ventilation structure of the present invention is a structure for performing natural ventilation, and has an exhaust port formed in the upper part of the daylighting unit, and is formed in the lower part of the wall surface of the indoor space adjacent to the buffer space via a breathable member. A structure having an air supply port may also be used. The average diameter of the exhaust port may be 500 mm or less. The volume of the buffer space may be about 1 to 30% by volume with respect to the indoor space.

The present invention relates to a heat-insulating and air-permeable member for partitioning an indoor space to form a buffer space having a daylighting portion, including wet-heat adhesive fibers, and the fibers are fixed by fusion of the wet-heat adhesive fibers. A heat shield having an air permeability of 10 to 100 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec) and a heat transmissivity of 1 to 10 W / (m ² · K). A breathable member is also included. Furthermore, the present invention includes a method for ventilating a building using the heat-insulating and air-permeable member.

  In the present invention, by using a buffer space formed by partitioning an indoor space with a breathable member, indoor ventilation efficiency can be improved while maintaining a good indoor environment in the building. Specifically, the room temperature can be kept extremely high, the lightness in the room can be greatly reduced, and a biased airflow can not be generated by ventilation, so that the room can be kept comfortable. In addition, when the air permeable member comprised with the specific nonwoven fiber structure is utilized, a high sound insulation and a heat insulation effect can also be expressed.

  In particular, since natural ventilation can be efficiently performed without excessively increasing the temperature of the room where sunlight hits the sun or summer, energy is saved compared to mechanical ventilation.

  Further, since natural ventilation can be performed efficiently even with a small ventilation port, it is not necessary to provide means for waterproofing and crime prevention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a building ventilation structure according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model room side surface in the embodiment.

[Ventilation structure of buildings]
The ventilation structure of a building according to the present invention includes a buffer space in which an indoor space is partitioned by a breathable member and has a daylighting unit. In the present invention, gravity ventilation is performed using the temperature difference between the temperature of the buffer space raised by light (such as sunlight) taken through the daylighting unit and room temperature. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a building ventilation structure according to the present invention. In this figure, the ceiling surface and some of the wall surfaces are omitted.

  In FIG. 1, a substantially cubic (regular hexahedron) -shaped room having a side of about 2000 to 3000 mm is partitioned into a buffer space 4 and a living room 5 by a plate-like air-permeable member 1 formed of a non-woven fiber structure. . On the wall surface of the buffer space 4, a sliding window made of glass is formed as the daylighting unit 2, and an exhaust port 3 is formed in the upper part of the daylighting unit 2. In the living room 5, a door 6 for entering and leaving, and an air inlet 7 is formed by providing a gap of about 10 mm between the lower end of the door and the floor. The volume ratio between the buffer space 4 and the living room 5 is about the former / the latter = 3/97 to 10/90 (for example, 5/95).

  The non-woven fiber structure constituting the air-permeable member 1 is a hard board in which wet-heat adhesive fibers are fused with high-temperature steam, has a thickness of about 5 to 20 mm, and has high air permeability.

  In the buffer space 2, the daylighting unit 2 occupies an area of about 60 to 70% with respect to the wall surface. Further, the exhaust port 5 occupies an area of about 1/200 to 1/400 (for example, 1/300) (about 75 to 125 mm (for example, 100 mm)) with respect to the area of the daylighting unit.

  In this ventilation structure, when sunlight is irradiated through the daylighting unit 2, the temperature in the buffer space 4 rises, causing a temperature difference from the room temperature of the living room 5. Due to this temperature difference, an air flow is generated by the expansion and convection of the air, and the hot air moves above the buffer space 4 and is discharged from the exhaust port 3 to the outside. On the other hand, as the hot air is exhausted to the outside, the cold air in the living room 5 is supplied to the buffer space 2 through the breathable member 1, and new air is supplied from the air supply port 7 to the living room 5. Gravity ventilation is performed. Further, the low-temperature air supplied from the living room 5 to the buffer space 4 is heated in the buffer space 4, and thus such air circulation is continued while the sunlight is irradiated.

  In particular, since the air-permeable member 1 is composed of the above-described nonwoven fiber structure, it has high heat insulating properties and functions as a heat-insulating air-permeable member. Accordingly, an increase in the room temperature of the living room 5 accompanying an increase in the temperature of the buffer space 4 can be suppressed, and an air flow from the living room 5 to the buffer space 4 is created. Furthermore, even if the temperature of the buffer space rises due to the heat insulating property of the air-permeable member 1, since the rise of the room temperature of the living room 5 is suppressed, the living room in the summer can be kept in a good state.

  Since the air-permeable member 1 has high air permeability and a filter function, it can suppress entry of dust, insects, pollen and the like from the buffer space 4. Further, since the air-permeable member 1 is formed over substantially the entire wall surface that partitions the buffer space 4 and the living room 5, the ventilation efficiency can be improved and the occurrence of uneven airflow in the living room space is suppressed. The living room can be kept in a comfortable state. Furthermore, since the air-permeable member 1 is formed inside the daylighting section 2, there is no need to consider waterproofing or crime prevention.

  Since the exhaust port (or exhaust hole) 3 is formed in the upper part of the lighting part 3, high temperature air can be efficiently exhausted outdoors. Furthermore, since it is formed in the upper part of a wall surface and a diameter is as small as about 100 mm, intrusion of rainwater can be prevented by providing an exhaust port under the eaves without providing special waterproof means.

  Since the air supply port (or air supply hole) 7 is formed in the lower part of the wall surface, low temperature air can be efficiently supplied to the living room 5.

  In the ventilation structure of the present invention, since the increase in the temperature of the buffer space is used, the amount of ventilation increases as the thermal energy from sunlight increases and the temperature of the buffer space increases as in the summer or the western day. Therefore, it is particularly effective for the solar radiation in summer when exhaust heat is required. Further, even in the winter season, since a buffer space exists between the cooled daylighting section (window glass) and the living room, a cold draft from the daylighting face can be prevented.

[Buffer space]
The buffer space is a space formed by partitioning the room with a breathable member and partitioned by a daylighting portion and a breathable member, and has a daylighting portion and is adjacent to the buffer space via the breathable member. There is no particular limitation as long as it can be ventilated through only a breathable member (such as a living room).

  The volume ratio of the buffer space can be selected from a range of about 0.1 to 50% by volume with respect to the indoor space. For example, 1 to 30% by volume, preferably 2 to 20% by volume, more preferably 3 to 10% by volume. (Especially 5 to 10% by volume). By setting the volume ratio of the buffer space within this range, efficient ventilation can be performed while maintaining a good indoor state.

  Furthermore, although it depends on the size of the daylighting unit and the indoor space, in a general house, when a daylighting unit of about 50 to 70% by area is formed with respect to the wall surface, the distance (distance) between the daylighting unit and the breathable member ) Can be selected from the range of about 1 to 2000 mm, and in order to ensure airflow in the buffer space, for example, 3 to 1000 mm, preferably 5 to 500 mm, more preferably 7 to 100 mm (especially 8 to 50 mm). is there. In the present invention, by setting the buffer space in such a range, the temperature of the buffer space can be quickly increased, and ventilation can be performed efficiently. Furthermore, the buffer space can be used as the edge side by increasing this interval, for example, by setting it to 300 mm or more, preferably about 500 to 100 mm.

(Lighting Department)
The daylighting unit is not limited to a window that can be opened and closed as long as it can transmit sunlight, and may be a window that cannot be opened or closed or a transparent wall surface. Examples of the window that can be opened and closed include a sliding window, a sliding window, a pulling window, and a sliding window.

  The daylighting part may be formed on the wall surface of the buffer space except for the wall surface constituted by the air-permeable member, and may be formed on a plurality of wall surfaces, but is usually formed on the wall surface having the largest area. Is done. Further, the daylighting unit is not limited to the window for daylighting direct solar radiation, and may be a skylight for daylighting in the sky. Furthermore, the direction which forms a lighting part is not specifically limited, It can select according to a use, for example, what is necessary is just to form in the west side, when suppressing the temperature rise by a western day. The material of the lighting part may be a transparent material, and is not limited to glass, and may be a transparent plastic.

  Although the area which a lighting part occupies a wall surface can be selected from the range of about 10-100%, for example, from the point which improves the ventilation efficiency of buffer space, it is 30-99%, for example, Preferably it is 40-95%, More preferably Is about 50 to 90% (particularly 60 to 80%).

(exhaust port)
The exhaust port (exhaust hole) does not need to be provided separately from the daylighting unit. In the case where the daylighting unit can be opened and closed, the exhaust port may be replaced with an exhaust port by partially or entirely opening the window. However, it is preferable to form an exhaust port from the viewpoint of crime prevention or waterproofing. Further, mechanical ventilation may be performed by disposing a ventilation fan or the like at the exhaust port, but natural ventilation by gravity ventilation is preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving.

  The exhaust port may be formed on the wall surface other than the wall surface for partitioning the indoor space composed of the air-permeable member in the buffer space, the ceiling surface, or the floor surface. It is preferable that it is formed on the upper surface of the wall surface or on the ceiling surface (particularly, on the upper surface of the wall surface) from the viewpoint that it can be evacuated and effective for waterproofing and crime prevention.

  The shape of the exhaust port is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a circular shape (perfect circle, ellipse, oval shape, etc.), a polygonal shape (for example, a square shape, a rectangular shape, etc.), a linear shape, or a slit shape.

  The average diameter of the exhaust port (in the case of an anisotropic shape, the average diameter of the long diameter and the short diameter) depends on the size of the buffer space and the indoor space, but in the case of a general house, it may be 500 mm or less. 400 mm or less (for example, 5 to 400 mm), preferably 10 to 300 mm, more preferably about 30 to 200 mm (especially 50 to 150 mm). When the average diameter is within this range, it is effective for crime prevention and waterproofing while ensuring sufficient ventilation efficiency. The number of exhaust ports may be plural, but is usually one from the viewpoint of simplicity.

  To prevent the entry of dust, insects, pollen, etc., the exhaust vent is fitted with a net-like body (for example, a wire net, a plastic net, etc.), a fiber structure or a porous body that can be used as a ventilation material described later as a filter May be.

(Breathable member)
The entire surface of the air-permeable member may be formed of a material having air permeability (a gas-permeable material), or may be formed of a gas-permeable material on a part of the surface. When a part of the air-permeable member is formed of air quality, the area occupied by the air-permeable material in the air-permeable member is, for example, 50% or more (for example, 50 to 100), depending on the air permeability of the air-permeable material. %), Preferably 60% or more (for example, 60 to 95%), more preferably about 70% or more (for example, 70 to 90%).

  The shape of the air-permeable member is a plate shape, but is not limited to a plate shape with a smooth surface, and may have a surface shape such as a bellows structure, a pleated fold structure, an emboss structure, etc. from the viewpoint of improving the ventilation area. In addition, from the viewpoint of further improving the heat insulation, a shape having a cavity inside, for example, a hollow shape in which one of the cross sections (thickness direction cross section) is a honeycomb structure may be used.

  The breathable member may be a door that can be opened and closed, and examples thereof include a sliding door, a single sliding door, a pulling door, and a double sliding door. When a part of the breathable member is formed of a ventilation material, the portion formed of the ventilation material may be the door that can be opened and closed. The breathable member may be a combination of a breathable material and a non-breathable material. Examples of the non-breathable material include conventional building materials such as inorganic plates (for example, gypsum board, calcium silicate plate, etc.), metal plates (for example, aluminum Board, stainless steel, steel plate, etc.), wooden boards (eg, solid wood, plywood (laminated wood board), wood fiber board (MDF), etc.), synthetic resin boards (eg, polyethylene board, polypropylene board, polystyrene board, poly A vinyl chloride resin plate (vinyl chloride resin plate), a polymethyl methacrylate plate (acrylic resin plate), a polyester plate, a polycarbonate resin plate, a polyamide resin plate, etc.] may be used. Moreover, the columnar thing comprised with these materials may be used as a door frame, a crosspiece, or the like. Furthermore, when a high degree of translucency is required for the breathable member, it may be partially made of a transparent material such as glass or transparent plastic.

  In the combination of a breathable material and a non-ventilated material, when both are fixed (bonded) (for example, when a frame or a cross is formed with a non-ventilated material to form a door with respect to the vented material), the both are fixed. The (joining) method may be a conventional method, for example, a method using an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a method using a fixture, and the like.

  In the method using an adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive, a conventional adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive can be used as the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive. Adhesives include natural polymer adhesives such as starch and casein, vinyl adhesives such as polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic adhesives such as acrylic adhesives, polyester adhesives, polyamide adhesives, Examples thereof include thermosetting resin adhesives such as epoxy resins. Examples of the adhesive include thermoplastic resin adhesives such as rubber adhesives and acrylic adhesives. As the adhesive and the pressure-sensitive adhesive, different types of adhesives or pressure-sensitive adhesives may be used depending on the place of use.

  Examples of the method using a fixing tool include a method for fixing from the outside of both materials using a frame material, a method using an engaging means such as a nail, a screw, and a bolt, a method using an adhesive tape, a method using a hook-and-loop fastener, and the like. It is done.

  For example, a sliding door that can be easily opened and closed, such as a conventional shoji door, may be manufactured by combining and fixing various ventilation materials and non-ventilation materials.

The breathable material constituting the breathable member only needs to have an air permeability capable of ventilating indoor air into the buffer space. For example, the air permeability according to the Frazier method is 1 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec) or more [ for example, it may be a 1~300cm ³ / (cm ² · sec)], from the viewpoint of ventilation holding lower the room temperature, and high ventilation, for example, 5~200cm ³ / (cm ² · sec) It is preferably about 10 to 100 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec), more preferably about 15 to 50 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec) [particularly 20 to 40 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec)]. If the air permeability is too small, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of ventilation. On the other hand, if the air permeability is too large, the heat insulation effect is reduced, so that it is difficult to form a temperature difference between the buffer space and the indoor space.

  The pore diameter of the ventilation material is not particularly limited as long as the air permeability is satisfied, but the average pore diameter of the ventilation material is 25 mesh or less (diameter 1 mm or less) from the viewpoint of expressing the filter of the ventilation member. Preferably, it is 2.5 mesh or less. If the mesh is 25 mesh or less, insects such as mosquitoes can be prevented from entering, and if the mesh is 2.5 mesh or less, pollen can be prevented from entering.

  Examples of the air-permeable material having such air permeability include a fiber structure and a porous body of a sheet-like molded body. Among these, as the fiber structure, for example, synthetic fibers (for example, olefin fibers, acrylic fibers, vinyl fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, etc.), semi-synthetic fibers (for example, rayon, etc.), natural fibers ( For example, cotton, hemp, silk, etc.), woven or non-woven fabrics composed of fibers such as inorganic fibers (eg, glass fibers, carbon fibers, etc.), knitted fabrics, pulps and papers composed of the above synthetic fibers, etc. Can be mentioned. These ventilation materials may be used by combining a plurality of ventilation materials by lamination or the like as long as the air permeability is not impaired. Further, the ventilation material may be a commercially available heat insulating material such as a curtain (light-shielding curtain, etc.), a honeycomb thermoscreen, a shoji screen, or the like.

The ventilation member preferably has a predetermined heat insulating property. For example, the thermal conductivity is 30 W / (m ² · K) or less, preferably 0.1 to 20 W / (m ² · K) (for example, 0.5 to 15 W / (m ² · K)), more preferably 1 to 10 W / (m ² · K) (particularly ^{2 to 5} W / (m ² · K)). When the thermal conductivity of the ventilation material is within this range, the ventilation member can be used as a heat shielding ventilation member to prevent the temperature rising in the buffer space from being conducted into the room, and to keep the room in a comfortable space. It promotes gravity ventilation and can improve ventilation efficiency. That is, when such a ventilation material is used, the temperature of the indoor space is kept low due to the synergistic effect of ventilation and heat insulation.

(Nonwoven fiber structure)
In the present invention, the non-woven fiber structure including wet heat-adhesive fibers as the fiber structure satisfying the air permeability and thermal permeability of the vent material, and the fibers are fixed by fusion of the wet heat adhesive fibers. The body is preferred.

  Such a non-woven fiber structure is a hard molded body containing wet heat adhesive fibers and having a non-woven fiber structure. Furthermore, in the nonwoven fiber structure according to the present invention, the fibers are fixed by fusion of the wet heat adhesive fibers, and in addition to the air permeability and the heat insulating property, the high sound absorbing property and the shock absorbing property specific to the fiber structure. By adjusting the arrangement of the fibers constituting the non-woven fiber structure and the bonding state between these fibers, it is possible to achieve both bending behavior and light weight that cannot be obtained with a normal nonwoven fabric, and it is difficult to break. Retainability is also secured at the same time.

  As will be described later, such a non-woven fiber structure exhibits a bonding action at a temperature lower than the melting point of the wet heat adhesive fiber by applying high-temperature (superheated or heated) water vapor to the web containing the wet heat adhesive fiber. And can be obtained by partially bonding the fibers together. That is, it is obtained by point-bonding or partial-bonding single fibers and bundle-like bundled fibers so as to form a “scrum” while holding moderately small voids under wet heat.

The wet heat adhesive fiber is composed of at least a wet heat adhesive resin. The wet heat adhesive resin only needs to be able to flow or easily deform at a temperature that can be easily realized by high-temperature steam and to exhibit an adhesive function. Specifically, a thermoplastic resin that is softened with hot water (for example, about 80 to 120 ° C., particularly about 95 to 100 ° C.) and can be self-adhered or bonded to other fibers, such as an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. And vinyl alcohol polymers, polylactic acid resins such as polylactic acid, and (meth) acrylic copolymers containing (meth) acrylamide units. Further, it may be an elastomer (for example, polyolefin elastomer, polyester elastomer, polyamide elastomer, polyurethane elastomer, styrene elastomer, etc.) that can be easily fluidized or deformed by high-temperature steam. These wet heat adhesive resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, vinyl alcohol polymers containing α-C _2-10 olefin units such as ethylene and propylene, particularly ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers are preferred.

  In the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, the ethylene unit content (copolymerization ratio) is, for example, 5 to 60 mol% (for example, 10 to 60 mol%), preferably 20 to 55 mol%, and more preferably. It is about 30-50 mol%. When the ethylene unit is in this range, a unique property of having wet heat adhesiveness but not hot water solubility is obtained. If the proportion of the ethylene units is too small, the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer easily swells or gels with low-temperature steam (water), and its form is likely to change only once wetted with water. On the other hand, when the ratio of the ethylene unit is too large, the hygroscopicity is lowered, and fiber fusion due to wet heat is difficult to be exhibited, so that it is difficult to ensure practical strength. When the ratio of the ethylene unit is particularly in the range of 30 to 50 mol%, the processability into a sheet or plate is particularly excellent.

  The saponification degree of the vinyl alcohol unit in the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is, for example, about 90 to 99.99 mol%, preferably 95 to 99.98 mol%, more preferably 96 to 99.97 mol. %. When the saponification degree is too small, the thermal stability is lowered, and the stability is lowered by thermal decomposition or gelation. On the other hand, if the degree of saponification is too large, it is difficult to produce the fiber itself.

  Although the viscosity average degree of polymerization of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol-type copolymer can be selected as needed, it is 200-2500, for example, Preferably it is 300-2000, More preferably, it is about 400-1500. When the degree of polymerization is within this range, the balance between spinnability and wet heat adhesion is excellent.

  The cross-sectional shape (cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fiber) of wet heat adhesive fibers is limited to general solid cross-sectional shapes such as round cross-sections and irregular cross-sections (flat, elliptical, polygonal, etc.) It may not be a hollow cross section. The wet heat adhesive fiber may be a composite fiber composed of a plurality of resins including at least a wet heat adhesive resin. The composite fiber only needs to have a wet heat adhesive resin on at least a part of the fiber surface, but it is preferable to have a wet heat adhesive resin continuous in the length direction on the fiber surface from the viewpoint of adhesiveness. The coverage of the wet heat adhesive resin is, for example, 50% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.

  Examples of the cross-sectional structure of the composite fiber in which the wet heat adhesive resin occupies the surface include a core-sheath type, a sea-island type, a side-by-side type, a multi-layer bonding type, a radial bonding type, and a random composite type. Among these cross-sectional structures, a core-sheath structure in which the wet heat adhesive resin covers the entire surface of the fiber (that is, the sheath portion is made of the wet heat adhesive resin because it is a structure with high adhesiveness. A core-sheath structure) is preferred. The core-sheath structure may be a fiber in which a wet heat adhesive resin is coated on the surface of a fiber composed of another fiber-forming polymer.

  In the case of a composite fiber, wet heat adhesive resins may be combined with each other, but may be combined with non-wet heat adhesive resins. Non-wet heat adhesive resins include water-insoluble or hydrophobic resins such as polyolefin resins, (meth) acrylic resins, vinyl chloride resins, styrene resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, Examples include polyurethane resins and thermoplastic elastomers. These non-wet heat adhesive resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Among these non-wet heat adhesive resins, from the viewpoint of heat resistance and dimensional stability, resins having a melting point higher than that of wet heat adhesive resins (particularly ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers), such as polypropylene resins and polyester resins. Resins and polyamide resins, particularly polyester resins and polyamide resins are preferred from the standpoint of excellent balance between heat resistance and fiber-forming properties.

Polyester resins include aromatic polyester resins such as poly C _2-4 alkylene arylate resins (polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.), especially polyethylene such as PET. A terephthalate resin is preferred. In addition to the ethylene terephthalate unit, the polyethylene terephthalate resin is not limited to other dicarboxylic acids (for example, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, bis (carboxyphenyl) ethane. , 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, etc.) and diols (for example, diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol, Units composed of polyethylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, etc.) may be included at a ratio of about 20 mol% or less.

  Polyamide resins include polyamides 6, polyamides 66, polyamides 610, polyamides 10, polyamides 12, polyamides 6-12 and other aliphatic polyamides and copolymers thereof, half-synthesized from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diamines. Aromatic polyamide is preferred. These polyamide-based resins may also contain other copolymerizable units.

  In the case of a composite fiber composed of a wet heat adhesive resin and a non-wet heat adhesive resin (fiber-forming polymer), the ratio (mass ratio) of both can be selected according to the structure (for example, core-sheath structure). The wet heat adhesive resin is not particularly limited as long as it exists on the surface. For example, wet heat adhesive resin / non-wet heat adhesive resin = 90/10 to 10/90, preferably 80/20 to 15/85, more preferably It is about 60/40 to 20/80. If the proportion of wet heat adhesive resin is too large, it will be difficult to ensure the strength of the fiber, and if the proportion of wet heat adhesive resin is too small, it will be difficult to have the wet heat adhesive resin continuously in the length direction of the fiber surface. Thus, the wet heat adhesiveness is lowered. This tendency is the same when the wet heat adhesive resin is coated on the surface of the non-wet heat adhesive fiber.

  The average fineness of the wet heat adhesive fiber can be selected, for example, from the range of about 0.01 to 100 dtex, preferably 0.1 to 50 dtex, more preferably 0.5 to 30 dtex (particularly 1 to 10 dtex) depending on the application. Degree. When the average fineness is in this range, the balance between the strength of the fiber and the expression of wet heat adhesion is excellent.

  The average fiber length of the wet heat adhesive fibers can be selected from a range of, for example, about 10 to 100 mm, preferably 20 to 80 mm, and more preferably about 25 to 75 mm. When the average fiber length is within this range, the fibers are sufficiently entangled, so that the mechanical strength of the fiber structure is improved.

  The crimp rate of the wet heat adhesive fiber is, for example, 1 to 50%, preferably 3 to 40%, and more preferably about 5 to 30%. The number of crimps is, for example, about 1 to 100 pieces / 25 mm, preferably about 5 to 50 pieces / 25 mm, and more preferably about 10 to 30 pieces / 25 mm.

  The nonwoven fiber structure may further contain non-wet heat adhesive fibers in addition to the wet heat adhesive fibers. Examples of non-wet heat adhesive fibers include cellulosic fibers (for example, rayon fiber, acetate fiber, etc.) in addition to fibers made of the non-wet heat adhesive resin constituting the composite fiber. These non-wet heat adhesive fibers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These non-wet heat adhesive fibers can be selected according to the desired properties, and when combined with semi-synthetic fibers such as rayon, relatively high density and high strength molded products can be obtained, while polyester fibers and polyamide fibers can be obtained. When combined with a hydrophobic fiber such as a fiber, voids between the fibers increase and the number of unfused fibers increases, so that a molded article having high flexibility and sound absorption can be obtained.

  The ratio (mass ratio) between the wet heat adhesive fiber and the non-wet heat adhesive fiber is determined according to the type and use of the breathable member. The wet heat adhesive fiber / non-wet heat adhesive fiber = 100/0 to 20/80 (for example, 99/1 to 20/80), preferably 100/0 to 50/50 (for example, 95/5 to 50/50), more preferably about 100/0 to 70/30. If the proportion of wet heat adhesive fibers is too small, it will be difficult to ensure hardness and it will be difficult to maintain the handleability as a molded body.

  The fiber structure (or fiber) is further added with conventional additives such as stabilizers (heat stabilizers such as copper compounds, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, etc.), dispersants, thickeners, Fine particles, colorants, antistatic agents, flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricants, crystallization rate retarders, lubricants, antibacterial agents, insect and acaricides, fungicides, matting agents, heat storage agents, fragrances, fluorescent whitening An agent, a wetting agent, a plasticizer and the like may be contained. These additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These additives may be carried on the structure surface or may be contained in the fiber.

  In addition, when a non-woven fiber structure is required to have flame retardancy, it is effective to add a flame retardant. As the flame retardant, a conventional inorganic flame retardant or organic flame retardant can be used, and a halogen flame retardant or a phosphorus flame retardant which is widely used and has a high flame retardant effect may be used. There is a problem of acid rain accompanying the generation of halogen gas, and phosphorus-based flame retardants have a problem of eutrophication of lakes accompanying phosphorus compound runoff by hydrolysis. Therefore, in the present invention, as the flame retardant, it is preferable to use a boron-based flame retardant and / or a silicon-based flame retardant from the viewpoint of avoiding these problems and exhibiting high flame retardancy.

  Boron flame retardants include, for example, boric acid (orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, etc.), borate [for example, alkali metal borates such as sodium tetraborate, alkaline earth metal salts such as barium metaborate, boron Transition metal salts such as zinc acid], and condensed boric acid (salt) (pyroboric acid, tetraboric acid, pentaboric acid, octaboric acid, or metal salts thereof) and the like. These boron-based flame retardants may be hydrated materials (for example, borax which is hydrated sodium tetraborate). These boron-based flame retardants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the silicon-based flame retardant include silicone compounds such as polyorganosiloxane, oxides such as silica and colloidal silica, and metal silicates such as calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, and magnesium aluminosilicate. It is done.

  These flame retardants can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these flame retardants, a boron-based flame retardant such as boric acid or borax is preferred. In particular, it is preferable to combine boric acid and borax, and the ratio (mass ratio) of both is boric acid / borax = 90/10 to 10/90, preferably about 60/40 to 30/70. Boric acid and borax may be subjected to flame retardant processing as an aqueous solution. For example, 10 to 35 parts by mass of boric acid and 15 to 45 parts by mass of borax are added to 100 parts by mass of water and dissolved. It may be prepared in an aqueous solution.

  The proportion of the flame retardant may be selected according to the use of the nonwoven fiber structure. For example, 1 to 300% by mass, preferably 5 to 200% by mass with respect to the total mass of the nonwoven fiber structure. More preferably, it is about 10 to 150% by mass, and may be about 1 to 30% by mass (particularly 1 to 15% by mass) from the viewpoint of economy.

  As a method of flame retardancy, in the same manner as conventional dip-nip processing, a fiber structure is impregnated or sprayed with an aqueous solution or emulsion containing a flame retardant, and is dried by a twin-screw extruder during fiber spinning. It is possible to use a method of extruding and spinning a resin kneaded with a flame retardant and using this fiber.

(Characteristics of non-woven fiber structure)
In order to have a non-woven fiber structure having a high hardness (morphological stability) and a good balance between sound absorption and light weight (low density), the non-woven fiber structure is made of a non-woven fiber web. The arrangement state and adhesion state of the constituent fibers need to be adjusted appropriately. That is, it is preferable that the fibers constituting the fiber web are arranged substantially parallel to the fiber web (nonwoven fiber) surface, and the fibers are arranged so as to cross each other and fused at the intersection. . In particular, a fiber structure that requires high form stability forms bundled fused fibers that are fused in a bundle of several to several tens at a portion where fibers other than the intersection are arranged substantially in parallel. You may do it. These fibers form a “scrum” by partially forming a fused structure at the intersection of single fibers, the intersection of bundle fibers, or the intersection of single fibers and bundle fibers A structure (a structure in which fibers are bonded at an intersection and entangled like a mesh, or a structure in which fibers are bonded at an intersection to constrain adjacent fibers to each other) to achieve the desired bending behavior, surface hardness, etc. it can. In the present invention, it is desirable that such a structure is distributed substantially uniformly along the surface direction and the thickness direction of the fiber web. In the present invention, since the fibers are held in a structure that can vibrate, they exhibit excellent sound absorption and also have excellent mechanical properties due to fusion at the intersections. Therefore, the sound insulation effect can be exhibited against outdoor noise from the breathable member, and the indoor space can be maintained in a comfortable state.

  The phrase “arranged approximately parallel to the fiber web surface” as used herein indicates a state where there are no repeated portions where a large number of fibers are locally arranged along the thickness direction. More specifically, when an arbitrary cross section of the fiber web of the structure is observed with a microscope, the existence ratio (number ratio) of fibers continuously extending in the thickness direction over 30% of the thickness of the fiber web. Is 10% or less (especially 5% or less) with respect to all the fibers in the cross section.

  Furthermore, in the non-woven fiber structure, the fiber constituting the non-woven fiber structure has a fiber adhesion rate of 3 to 85%, preferably 5 to 60%, more preferably 5 to 50% by fusing the wet heat adhesive fibers. Degree. In this invention, since the fiber is adhere | attached in such a range, the fiber structure has high air permeability and heat insulation.

  Although the fiber adhesion rate in this invention can be measured by the method as described in the Example mentioned later, the ratio of the cross section number of the fiber which adhered 2 or more with respect to the cross section number of all the fibers in a non-woven fiber cross section is shown. Therefore, a low fiber adhesion rate means that a ratio of a plurality of fibers fused to each other (a ratio of fibers fused by fusing) is small.

  In the present invention, the fibers constituting the non-woven fiber structure are bonded at the contact points of the respective fibers. In order to express a large bending stress with as few contacts as possible, this bonding point is the thickness direction. It is preferable that the fiber structure is uniformly distributed from the surface of the fiber structure to the inside (center) and back. When the adhesion points are concentrated on the surface or inside, not only is it difficult to ensure excellent mechanical properties and moldability, but also the shape stability in the portion where the adhesion points are small is lowered.

  Therefore, in the cross section in the thickness direction of the fiber structure, it is preferable that the fiber adhesion rate in each of the regions divided in three in the thickness direction is in the above range. Furthermore, the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the fiber adhesion rate in each region (minimum value / maximum value) (the ratio of the minimum region to the region with the maximum fiber adhesion rate) is, for example, 50% or more (for example, 50 to 100%), preferably 55 to 99%, more preferably 60 to 98% (especially 70 to 97%). In the present invention, since the fiber adhesion rate has such uniformity in the thickness direction, the hardness, bending strength, bending resistance and toughness are excellent even though the fiber adhesion area is low. . In particular, since the bending strength is high, warpage due to a temperature difference between the front and back surfaces of the breathable member can be suppressed.

  The fiber adhesion rate can be easily measured based on the number of bonded fiber cross sections in a predetermined region by taking a photograph of an enlarged cross section of the nonwoven fiber structure using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, when fibers are fused in a bundle, each fiber is fused in a bundle or at an intersection, making it difficult to observe as a single fiber, especially when the density is high. easy. In this case, for example, when the fiber structure is bonded with a core-sheath type composite fiber formed of a sheath part made of wet heat adhesive fiber and a core part made of a fiber-forming polymer. The fiber adhesion rate can be measured by releasing the adhesion of the bonded portion by means such as melting or washing and comparing it with the cut surface before the release.

  One of the characteristics of the fiber structure is that it has high toughness and bending stress and exhibits excellent bending behavior. In the present invention, in order to express this bending behavior, the repulsive force of the sample generated when the sample is gradually bent is measured according to JIS K7017 “Fiber-Reinforced Plastics—How to Obtain Bending Properties”, and the maximum stress (peak stress) is measured. ) As a bending stress and used as an index of bending behavior. That is, the larger the bending stress is, the harder the structure is, and the more the bending amount (displacement) until the measurement object is broken is, the more the structure is bent.

  The fiber structure has a maximum bending stress in at least one direction (preferably all directions) of 0.05 MPa or more, preferably 0.1 to 30 MPa, more preferably 0.15 to 20 MPa (particularly 0.2 to 10 MPa). ) Degree. If the maximum bending stress is too small, it is easily broken by its own weight or a slight load when used in a plate shape. Further, if the maximum bending stress is too high, it becomes too hard, and if it is bent beyond the peak of the stress, it is easily broken and broken.

  Looking at the correlation between the bending amount (displacement) and the bending stress caused by the bending amount, the stress increases as the bending amount increases. For example, the bending amount increases approximately linearly. In the fiber structure in the present invention, when the measurement sample reaches a specific bending amount, the stress gradually decreases thereafter. That is, when the bending amount is plotted on the horizontal axis and the stress is plotted on the vertical axis, the bending amount and the stress show a correlation that draws an upwardly convex parabolic curve. The fiber structure in the present invention has a so-called “stickiness (or toughness)” without causing a sudden stress drop even when the fiber structure exceeds the maximum bending stress (bending stress peak) and is further bent. Is also one of the features. In the present invention, as an index representing such “stickiness”, the bending stress remaining in a state exceeding the bending amount (displacement) at the peak of the bending stress can be used. That is, the fiber structure in the present invention has a maximum stress (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “1.5 times displacement stress”) when bent to a displacement of 1.5 times the bending amount indicating the maximum bending stress. 1/10 or more of the bending stress (peak stress value) is maintained, preferably 3/10 or more (for example, 3/10 to 1), more preferably 5/10 or more (for example, 5/10 to 9 / 10) You may maintain about. The fiber structure having such characteristics is prevented from being deformed by pressure during ventilation.

  The fiber structure can ensure high lightness due to the voids generated between the fibers. Moreover, since these voids are not independent voids but are continuous, they have high air permeability. Such a structure is a structure that is extremely difficult to produce by conventional hardening methods such as a method of impregnating a resin and a method of forming a film-like structure by closely adhering surface portions. .

That is, the nonwoven fiber structure has a low density. Specifically, the apparent density is, for example, 0.05 to 0.3 g / cm ³ , preferably 0.06 to 0.25 g / cm ³ , and more preferably. Is about 0.07 to 0.2 g / cm ³ (particularly 0.08 to 0.15 g / cm ³ ), and may be about 0.1 to 0.25 g / cm ³ , for example. If the apparent density is too low, the weight is light, but the bending hardness is lowered. Conversely, if the apparent density is too high, the hardness can be secured, but the lightness and air permeability are lowered.

The basis weight of the non-woven fiber structure can be selected, for example, from a range of about 50 to 10000 g / m ² , preferably 100 to 8000 g / m ² , more preferably 300 to 6000 g / m ² (particularly 500 to 3000 g / m ^2). ) If the basis weight is too small, it is difficult to ensure the hardness. If the basis weight is too large, the web is too thick and high-temperature steam cannot sufficiently enter the inside of the web in wet heat processing, and the structure is uniform in the thickness direction. It becomes difficult to make a body.

The thickness of the non-woven fiber structure is not particularly limited, but can be selected from the range of about 1 to 100 mm, for example, about 1 to 50 mm, preferably 2 to 30 mm, and more preferably about 3 to 20 mm (especially 5 to 15 mm). is there. When the thickness is too thin, the heat insulating property is lowered and it is difficult to ensure the hardness. When the thickness is too thick, the air permeability is lowered and the mass is increased, so that the handleability is lowered.

  The non-woven fiber structure is also excellent in translucency, and in particular, high translucency can be realized by adjusting the density, basis weight, and thickness. Furthermore, the non-woven fiber structure of the present invention is excellent not only in translucency but also in diffusibility of transmitted light. Specifically, the non-woven fiber structure is incident perpendicularly to one surface of the non-woven fiber structure. The light transmitted through the other surface is 45 ° with respect to the normal to the transmitted light intensity in the direction parallel to the normal to the other surface (transmitted light intensity when the angle with the normal is 0 °). The ratio (45 ° transmitted light intensity / parallel transmitted light intensity) of transmitted light intensity (transmitted light intensity when the angle with the normal is 45 °) in the direction of 50% or more (for example, 50 to 85%), preferably It is 55 to 85%, more preferably about 60 to 80%. That is, since the nonwoven structure of the present invention has diffusibility with respect to transmitted light, the brightness of the indoor space can be made uniform and the effect of reducing sunlight can be obtained.

  The structure in the present invention exhibits excellent sound absorption performance over a wide frequency range. Specifically, the structure in the present invention exhibits sound absorption for a frequency range (about 10 to 20000 Hz) that can be sensed as sound, and particularly has sound absorption for sound having a frequency of about 100 to 10000 Hz. Show. Therefore, noise from the outside can be isolated while performing ventilation.

  Since the structure in the present invention is excellent in air permeability, when other building materials (such as a decorative film and a door frame) are attached to the structure, air between the structure and the other building materials escapes through the structure. By this, the floating and peeling of the building material after other building material sticking can be avoided. Further, since the adhesive of the building material that has been affixed adheres to the constituent fibers on the surface and enters the fiber gap like a wedge, a strong adhesion can be realized.

  Furthermore, since the nonwoven fiber structure in the present invention has the fiber bonding points uniformly in the thickness direction as described above, it also has good shape retention. That is, in a normal fiber structure, even if the required bending hardness can be ensured by a binder or the like, basically there is little adhesion between fibers, so when it is cut into small pieces of about 5 mm square, for example, with a slight external force The fibers constituting the structure are detached, and finally are subdivided for each fiber. On the other hand, since the fiber structure in the present invention is densely and uniformly bonded to each other, even when cut into small pieces, it is not subdivided into fiber units and can sufficiently retain its form. This also means that dust generation when the structure is cut is small.

(Method for producing non-woven fiber structure)
In the method for producing a non-woven fiber structure, first, the fiber containing the wet heat adhesive fiber is formed into a web. As a method for forming the web, a conventional method, for example, a direct method such as a spun bond method or a melt blow method, a card method using melt blow fibers or staple fibers, a dry method such as an air array method, or the like can be used. Among these methods, a card method using melt blown fibers or staple fibers, particularly a card method using staple fibers is widely used. Examples of the web obtained using staple fibers include a random web, a semi-random web, a parallel web, and a cross-wrap web. Of these webs, a semi-random web and a parallel web are preferred when the proportion of bundled fused fibers is increased.

  Next, the obtained fiber web is sent to the next process by a belt conveyor, and then exposed to a superheated or high-temperature steam (high-pressure steam) stream to obtain a hard molded body having a nonwoven fiber structure. That is, when the fiber web conveyed by the belt conveyor passes through the high-speed and high-temperature steam flow ejected from the nozzle of the steam injection device, the fibers are three-dimensionally bonded to each other by the sprayed high-temperature steam. In particular, since the fiber web in the present invention has air permeability, high-temperature water vapor penetrates into the inside, and a structure having a substantially uniform fusion state can be obtained.

  Specifically, the non-woven fiber structure has a temperature of 70 to 150 ° C., preferably 80 to 120 ° C., more preferably 90 to 110 ° C. 2 MPa, preferably 0.2 to 1.5 MPa, more preferably about 0.3 to 1 MPa, treatment speed of 200 m / min or less, preferably 0.1 to 100 m / min, more preferably about 1 to 50 m / min. As a detailed manufacturing method, the manufacturing method described in International Publication No. WO2007 / 116676 (Patent Document 3) can be used.

  The obtained non-woven fiber structure is usually obtained as a plate-like or sheet-like molded body and is used by cutting or the like, but may be subjected to secondary molding by conventional thermoforming as required. Examples of thermoforming include compression molding, pressure forming (extrusion pressure forming, hot plate pressure forming, vacuum pressure forming, etc.), free blow molding, vacuum forming, bending, matched mold forming, hot plate forming, wet heat press forming, etc. Is available.

  The non-woven fiber structure (molded body) has a non-woven fiber structure obtained from the web composed of the fibers, and the shape can be selected according to the structure of the building, and is usually a sheet or plate Is.

(Air supply port)
Since the indoor space is not completely sealed in a general house, the ventilation structure of the present invention can be formed without providing an air supply port (intake port) for supplying air into the room, but the ventilation efficiency is improved. Therefore, it is preferable to provide an air supply port.

  The air supply port only needs to be formed in a portion of the indoor space other than the wall surface having a role of partitioning with the buffer space constituted by the air-permeable member, for example, a wall surface, a ceiling surface, or a floor surface. It is good also as an alternative to an air supply opening | mouth by opening a door partially or entirely. Furthermore, it is preferable that it is formed in the lower part of the wall surface or the floor surface (particularly, the lower part of the wall surface) from the viewpoint that low-temperature air can be effectively sucked. For example, when there is a door in the room, a gap may be provided between the lower end of the door and the floor to serve as an air supply port. Furthermore, if the air supply port is disposed at a substantially diagonal line in the indoor space with respect to the exhaust port, indoor air efficiently circulates in ventilation.

  The shape of the air supply port is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a circular shape (perfect circle, ellipse, oval shape, etc.), a polygonal shape (for example, a square shape, a rectangular shape, etc.), a linear shape, or a slit shape. When the air supply port is formed as the gap of the door, the shape of the air supply port is usually a slit shape or a line shape.

  The average diameter of the air supply opening (in the case of an anisotropic shape, the average diameter of the long diameter and the short diameter) depends on the size of the indoor space, but may be 500 mm or less in a general house, for example, 400 mm. It may be about the following (for example, 5 to 400 mm), preferably 10 to 300 mm, more preferably about 30 to 200 mm (particularly 50 to 150 mm). When the average diameter is within this range, the ventilation efficiency can be sufficiently ensured while maintaining a good indoor state. In particular, when the shape of the air inlet is linear or slit-shaped, the width is about 100 to 1000 mm (particularly 300 to 800 mm), and the wire diameter (slit thickness) is about 1 to 30 mm (particularly 5 to 20 mm). May be. Although the number of air supply ports may be plural, it is usually one from the viewpoint of simplicity.

  If necessary, a net-like body (for example, a metal net, a plastic net, etc.), a fiber structure that can be used as a ventilation material, a porous body, or the like may be attached to the air supply port as a filter.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Each physical property value in the examples was measured by the following method. In the examples, “parts” and “%” are based on mass unless otherwise specified.

(1) Melt index (MI) of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer
According to JIS K6760, it measured using the melt indexer on the conditions of 190 degreeC and a 21.2N load.

(2) Weight per unit (g / m ² )
Measured according to JIS L1913 “Testing method for general short fiber nonwoven fabric”.

(3) Thickness (mm), apparent density (g / cm ³ )
The thickness was measured according to JIS L1913 “General Short Fiber Nonwoven Fabric Testing Method”, and the apparent density was calculated from this value and the basis weight value.

(4) Air permeability Among the general textile test methods described in JIS L1096, according to Method A (Fragile type method), a fabric breathability measuring device (Fragile perimeter meter, manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was used. The air permeability was measured for a sample having a size of 100 cm ² under a pressure of 125 Pa.

(5) Bending stress It measured according to A method (three-point bending method) among the methods as described in JIS K7017. At this time, the measurement sample was a 25 mm wide × 80 mm long sample, the distance between fulcrums was 50 mm, and the test speed was 2 mm / min. In the present invention, the maximum stress (peak stress) in this measurement result chart is defined as the maximum bending stress. The bending stress was measured in the MD direction and the CD direction. That is, in the measurement in the MD direction, the measurement sample is collected and measured so that the web flow direction (MD) is parallel to the long side of the measurement sample, while in the measurement in the CD direction, the long side of the measurement sample is measured. On the other hand, measurement samples were taken and measured so that the web width direction (CD) was parallel.

(6) 1.5 times displacement stress Stress at the time of bending stress measurement that exceeds the bending amount (displacement) indicating the maximum bending stress (bending peak stress) and continues to bend to 1.5 times the displacement. Was defined as a 1.5 times displacement stress.

(7) Fiber Adhesion Rate Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a photograph in which the cross section of the structure was magnified 100 times was taken. The photograph of the cross section in the thickness direction of the photographed structure is divided into three equal parts in the thickness direction, and the number of fiber cut surfaces (fiber end faces) that can be found in each of the three divided areas (front surface, inside (center), back surface) On the other hand, the ratio of the number of cut surfaces where the fibers are bonded to each other was determined. Of the total number of fiber cross sections that can be found in each region, the ratio of the number of cross sections in a state where two or more fibers are bonded is expressed as a percentage based on the following formula. In addition, in the part which fibers contact, there exists a part which is simply contacting, without melt | fusion, and a part which has adhere | attached by melt | fusion. However, by cutting the structure for microscopic photography, the fibers in contact with each other are separated from each other by the stress of each fiber on the cut surface of the structure. Therefore, in the cross-sectional photograph, it can be determined that the contacting fibers are bonded to each other.

Fiber adhesion rate (%) = (number of cross sections of fibers bonded two or more) / (total number of cross sections of fibers) × 100
However, for each photograph, all the fibers with visible cross sections were counted, and when the number of fiber cross sections was 100 or less, a photograph to be observed was added so that the total fiber cross section number exceeded 100. In addition, the fiber adhesion rate was calculated | required about each area | region divided into three equally, and the ratio (minimum value / maximum value) of the minimum value with respect to the maximum value was also calculated | required together.

(8) Ventilation performance A model room was installed in a temperature-controlled room, and ventilation performance was evaluated using various breathable members. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the side of the model room.

  In the model room, the outer peripheral wall and the roof (ceiling wall) are made of a heat insulating material having a thickness of 100 mm (made by Dow Processing Co., Ltd., “Style Home”), and the buffer space 14, the temperature measurement chamber 15, and the front chamber 18. It is divided into and.

  The buffer space 14 has a room size of W (width) 2200 mm, D (depth) 100 mm, and H (height) 2400 mm, and a glass window 12 is formed on the outer wall surface of the front surface of the buffer space. This glass window 12 is a sliding window made of double-glazed glass, and was closed and locked during measurement. The buffer space 14 and the temperature measurement chamber 15 are partitioned by a breathable member 11, and the breathable member 11 has a ventilation portion 11a made of a ventilation material of W2000 mm and H2000 mm. In addition, the air permeable member 11 stuck the adhesive tape in the clearance gap of the junction part so that an air flow may not arise from other than the ventilation part 11a. In addition, a circular exhaust port 13 having a diameter of 100 mm is formed in the upper portion of the glass window 12. Furthermore, a simulated sun 10 is installed on the front surface outside the glass window 12. In the simulated sun 10, 30 infrared lamps (10 horizontal rows × 3 vertical rows) were arranged in parallel so that the planar size of the entire simulated sun would be W1950, H1150 mm so that the glass window could be irradiated vertically. . The distance (interval) between the glass window 12 and the simulated sun 10 was 500 mm.

  The temperature measurement chamber 15 has a room size of W2200 mm, D2200 mm, and H2400 mm, and a door 16 having W (width) 760 mm and H (height) 2100 mm is installed between the temperature measurement chamber 15 and the front chamber 18. Has been. A gap (undercut) having a height of 10 mm is provided between the lower end of the door and the floor to form an air supply port 17 so that ventilation between the two chambers is possible.

  The front chamber 18 has a room size of W2200 mm, D2300 mm, and H2400 mm.

  Furthermore, thermocouples were installed in the temperature-controlled room, the central part of the buffer space 14, and the central part of the temperature measurement chamber 15. In such a model room, the set temperature of the temperature-controlled room was set to 30 ° C., the simulated sun 10 was irradiated, and the temperature 4 hours after the start of irradiation of the simulated sun was measured.

  In addition, an anemometer is installed inside the exhaust port 13, the wind speed at the exhaust port is measured 4 hours after the irradiation of the simulated sun 10 is started, and the ventilation volume is calculated from the product of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust port and the wind speed. Asked.

(Comparative Example 1)
Table 1 shows the results of measuring ventilation performance after removing the breathable member and irradiating the simulated sun for 4 hours.

(Production example of non-woven fiber structure)
As a wet heat adhesive fiber, a core-sheath type composite staple fiber having a core component of polyethylene terephthalate and a sheath component of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (ethylene content 44 mol%, saponification degree 98.4 mol%) ) "Sophista", fineness 3dtex, fiber length 51mm, core-sheath mass ratio = 50/50, number of crimps 21 / 25mm, crimp rate 13.5%) was prepared.

  Using this core-sheath type composite staple fiber, a card web having a basis weight adjusted by a card method was prepared, and a plurality of the webs were stacked to obtain a card web having a predetermined basis weight.

  The card web was transferred to a belt conveyor equipped with a 50 mesh, 500 mm wide stainless steel endless net. In addition, the belt conveyor which has the same metal mesh is equipped in the upper part of the metal mesh of this belt conveyor, and it rotated in the same direction at the same speed, respectively, and used the belt conveyor which can adjust the space | interval of these metal meshes arbitrarily. .

  Next, the steam web is introduced into the steam jetting device provided in the lower conveyor, and steam treatment is performed by ejecting 0.4 MPa high-temperature steam from the device in the thickness direction of the card web (perpendicularly). To obtain a hard molded body having a non-woven fiber structure. In this steam spraying device, a nozzle is installed in the lower conveyor so as to spray high-temperature steam toward the web via a conveyor net, and a suction device is installed in the upper conveyor. Further, another jetting device, which is a combination of the arrangement of the nozzle and the suction device reversed, is installed on the downstream side in the web traveling direction of the jetting device, and steam treatment is performed on both the front and back sides of the web. did.

  In addition, the hole diameter of the water vapor | steam injection nozzle was 0.3 mm, and the vapor | steam injection apparatus with which the nozzle was arranged in 1 row at 1 mm pitch along the width direction of the conveyor was used. The processing speed was 3 m / min, and the interval (distance) between the upper and lower conveyor belts on the nozzle side and the suction side was adjusted so that a molded body having a thickness of 5 to 20 mm was obtained. The nozzles were arranged on the back side of the conveyor belt so as to be almost in contact with the belt.

  The obtained non-woven fiber structure (molded body) has a board-like form, is very hard compared to a general nonwoven fabric, does not break even when the bending stress peak is exceeded, and there is no extreme reduction in stress. There wasn't. Furthermore, even when the form retention test was performed, the shape did not change and the mass did not decrease, and very good results were obtained.

Example 1
Table 2 shows the results of measuring the ventilation performance by irradiating the simulated sun for 4 hours using the non-woven fiber structure having the characteristics shown in Table 2 obtained in the production example as a ventilation material.

  From the results of Table 2, since the temperature of the buffer space increased, gravity ventilation was promoted. As a result, even if there was a breathable member, the ventilation amount was the same as in Comparative Example 1 in which no breathable member was provided. The difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature was 8.1 ° C., which was 7.7 ° C. lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

(Example 2)
Table 3 shows the results of measuring the ventilation performance by irradiating the simulated sun for 4 hours using the nonwoven fiber structure having the characteristics shown in Table 3 obtained in the above production example as a ventilation material.

  From the results in Table 3, since the temperature of the buffer space increased, gravity ventilation was promoted. As a result, the ventilation amount was larger than that of Comparative Example 1 in which no breathable member was provided. The difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature was 7.7 ° C., which was 8.1 ° C. lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

(Example 3)
Table 4 shows the results of measuring the ventilation performance by irradiating the simulated sun for 4 hours using the nonwoven fiber structure having the characteristics shown in Table 4 obtained in the above production example as a ventilation material.

  From the result of Table 4, since the temperature of the buffer space was increased, gravity ventilation was promoted. As a result, the ventilation amount was the same as that of Comparative Example 1 in which no breathable member was provided. The difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature was 5.6 ° C., which was 10.2 ° C. lower than Comparative Example 1.

Example 4
Table 5 shows the results of measuring the ventilation performance by irradiating the simulated sun for 4 hours using the non-woven fiber structure having the characteristics shown in Table 5 obtained in the production example as a ventilation material.

  From the result of Table 5, since the temperature of the buffer space rose, gravity ventilation was promoted. As a result, even a breathable member having a low air permeability showed a constant ventilation rate. The difference between the room temperature and the outside temperature was 6.8 ° C., which was 9.0 ° C. lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

(Example 5)
Table 6 shows the results of measuring the ventilation performance by irradiating the simulated sun for 4 hours using the nonwoven fiber structure having the characteristics shown in Table 6 obtained in the above production example as a ventilation material.

  From the result of Table 6, since the temperature of the buffer space increased, gravity ventilation was promoted. As a result, even a breathable member having a low air permeability had a constant ventilation amount. The difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature was 4.6 ° C., which was 11.2 ° C. lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

(Example 6)
Table 7 shows the results of measuring ventilation performance using commercially available shoji paper [air permeability 5.4 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec)] as a ventilation material and irradiating the simulated sun for 4 hours.

  From the result of Table 7, since the temperature of the buffer space increased, gravity ventilation was promoted. As a result, even a breathable member having a small air permeability had a constant ventilation amount. The difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature was 14.1 ° C., which was 1.7 ° C. lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

(Example 7)
Using a commercially available honeycomb thermoscreen [manufactured by Seiki Sales Co., Ltd., standard type, standard specification, hue S-01, air permeability 42 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec)] as a ventilation material, irradiate simulated sun for 4 hours. Table 8 shows the results of measuring the ventilation performance.

  From the result of Table 8, since the temperature of the buffer space increased, gravity ventilation was promoted, and as a result, there was a certain amount of ventilation. The difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature was 10.8 ° C., which was 5 ° C. lower than Comparative Example 1.

(Example 8)
Table 9 shows the results of measuring ventilation performance using a commercially available light-shielding curtain [air permeability 36 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec)] as a ventilation material and irradiating the simulated sun for 4 hours.

  From the result of Table 9, since the temperature of the buffer space rose, as a result of the gravity ventilation being promoted, there was a certain ventilation amount. The difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature was 14.3 ° C., which was 1.5 ° C. lower than that of Comparative Example 1.

(Comparative Example 2)
The surface of the non-woven fiber structure (thickness 10 mm, density 0.1 g / cm ³ ) used in Example 3 was completely covered with polyethylene film, the air permeability was eliminated, and the simulated sun was irradiated for 4 hours to provide ventilation performance. The results of measuring are shown in Table 10.

  From the results shown in Table 10, the temperature of the buffer space increased, but the ventilation rate was very small because there was no air permeability. The difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature was 8.5 ° C., which was 7.3 ° C. lower than that of Comparative Example 1. Further, it was confirmed that the room temperature of the member that is 2.1 ° C. higher than Example 3 and air permeable is lower.

  The ventilation structure of the present invention is useful for various buildings (buildings or buildings), for example, general houses (single-family houses, apartment houses, etc.), factories, buildings, hospitals, schools, gymnasiums, cultural halls, public halls, and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,11 ... Breathable member 2,12 ... Daylighting part 3,13 ... Exhaust port 4,14 ... Buffer space 5 ... Living room 15 ... Temperature measuring room 6,16 ... Door 7,17 ... Air supply port 10 ... Simulated sun 18 …Front chamber

Claims (7)

A ventilation structure for a building, in which an indoor space is partitioned by a breathable member and includes a buffer space having a daylighting portion , wherein the breathable member includes a wet heat adhesive fiber, and the wet heat adhesive fiber is fused. Ventilation structure composed of non-woven fiber structure with fibers fixed by . Nonwoven fibrous structure, the following (1) ventilation structure according to claim 1 is composed of a nonwoven fibrous structure having the characteristics of (1) to (7).
(1) Ethylene-vinyl alcohol in which the wet heat adhesive fiber contains a wet heat adhesive resin continuous in the length direction on the fiber surface, and the wet heat adhesive fiber has an ethylene unit content of 5 to 60 mol%. (2) Apparent density is 0.05 to ³ g / cm ³ (3) Air permeability is 5 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec) or more (4) Thermal conductivity is 0.5 to 15 W / (m ² · K) (5) In the cross section in the thickness direction, the fiber adhesion rate in each region divided into three equal parts in the thickness direction is 3 to 85%, and the fiber adhesion rate in each region The ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value is 50% or more. (6) The maximum bending stress in at least one direction is 0.05 MPa or more, and the bending amount indicating the maximum bending stress is 1.5 times the bending amount. Bending stress is the maximum bending stress (1) Thickness is 5 to 15 mm It is a structure for performing natural ventilation, has an exhaust port formed in the upper part of the daylighting unit, and has an air supply port formed in the lower part of the wall surface of the indoor space adjacent to the buffer space via a breathable member Item 3. The ventilation structure according to item 1 or 2 . The ventilation structure according to claim 3 , wherein an average diameter of the exhaust port is 500 mm or less. The ventilation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the volume of the buffer space is 1 to 30% by volume with respect to the indoor space. A heat-insulating and air-permeable member for partitioning an indoor space to form a buffer space having a daylighting portion, including a wet heat-adhesive fiber, and a non-woven fiber to which the fiber is fixed by fusion of the wet heat-adhesive fiber A heat-insulating and air-permeable member having a structure, an air permeability of 10 to 100 cm ³ / (cm ² · sec), and a thermal conductivity of 1 to 10 W / (m ² · K). A method for ventilating a building using the heat-insulating and air-permeable member according to claim 6 .

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