JP5284963B2 - 金属硝酸塩の転化方法 - Google Patents
金属硝酸塩の転化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5284963B2 JP5284963B2 JP2009527210A JP2009527210A JP5284963B2 JP 5284963 B2 JP5284963 B2 JP 5284963B2 JP 2009527210 A JP2009527210 A JP 2009527210A JP 2009527210 A JP2009527210 A JP 2009527210A JP 5284963 B2 JP5284963 B2 JP 5284963B2
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- oxide
- nitrate
- metal oxide
- supported
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- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical group [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002001 transition metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 21
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001350 scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 perovskite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHYGLAZPRJAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 QSHYGLAZPRJAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020679 Co—K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002086 ceria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012702 metal oxide precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UUZZMWZGAZGXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxynitric acid Chemical compound OON(=O)=O UUZZMWZGAZGXSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/03—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
- B01J29/0308—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41
- B01J29/0316—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/0333—Iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/70—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their crystalline properties, e.g. semi-crystalline
- B01J35/77—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/088—Decomposition of a metal salt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
- C01G1/02—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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Description
金属硝酸塩は金属酸化物を生成する分解温度まで、または必要なら分解温度を上回って、分解するまで加熱される。この加熱工程は金属硝酸塩が対応する金属酸化物に物理化学的転化を起こすために乾燥(主に溶媒除去の役割を担う)とは異なるものである。当然のことだが、本発明方法では担持された金属硝酸塩は、必要なら単一操作で乾燥され分解まで加熱されてもよい。金属硝酸塩の分解のために昇温する温度は100〜1200℃の範囲でよいが、硝酸塩の酸化物への転化を確実にすると同時に酸化物の焼結を最小限にするため200〜600℃の範囲が好ましい。しかしながら、担体上でまたは担体を用いてスピネルまたはペロブスカイト型酸化物を生成する必要がある場合、500〜1200℃の範囲の温度の使用が好ましい。担持された金属硝酸塩がこれらの範囲内のある温度におかれる時間は好ましくは16時間未満、より好ましくは8時間未満である。
本発明の一つの特徴は金属硝酸塩が加熱の間さらされる雰囲気が非常に少量の遊離酸素しか含まないかまたは全く含まないことである、というのも酸素は硝酸塩由来物質における金属酸化物の分散がよくないことの一因であることが見出されたからである。したがってガス流中の酸素(O2)含有量は好ましくは体積で5%未満、より好ましくは1%未満、最も好ましくは0.1%未満である。
担体材は遷移アルミナでよい。遷移アルミナは「Ullmans Encyklopaedie der technischen Chemie(ウルマン化学大辞典)」4.neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage、Band 7(1974), pp.298-299に定義される。好適な遷移アルミナは例えばη−アルミナまたはχ-アルミナのようなγ-アルミナ群のアルミナであってもよい。これらの材料は水酸化アルミニウムを400〜750℃でか焼して生成することができ、一般にBET表面積は150〜400m2・g−1の範囲にある。あるいは、遷移アルミナはγ群アルミナを約800℃超の温度に加熱して生成されるδ−およびθ−アルミナのような高温形を含むδ−アルミナ群でもよい。δ群アルミナは一般にBET表面積は50〜150m2・g−1の範囲にある。あるいは、遷移アルミナはα−アルミナであってもよい。遷移アルミナはAl2O31モルあたり0.5モル未満の水を含むが、実際の水分量は加熱される温度により変化する。好適な遷移アルミナ粉末は一般に表面加重平均径D[3,2]が1〜200μmの範囲にある。スラリー反応での使用を意図する触媒のような応用例においては、平均で好ましくは20μm未満、例えば10μm以下の非常に細かい粒子の使用が有利である。その他の応用例、例えば流動床で行う反応用の触媒では、より大きな粒子寸法の使用が望まれ、好ましくは50〜150μmの範囲である。アルミナ粉末は比較的大きな平均孔径を有することが好ましい、というのはそのようなアルミナは特に良好な選択性のある触媒を生成するように思われるからである。好ましいアルミナは平均孔径が最小で10nm、特に15〜30nmの範囲である。(平均孔径とはここでは相対圧力0.98における窒素物理吸着等温線の脱着分岐線からの測定孔体積をBET表面積で割って4倍したものをいう)。好ましくは、アルミナ材はγ−アルミナまたはθ−アルミナであり、より好ましくはBET表面積が90〜120m2・g−1、かつ孔体積が0.4〜0.8cm3・g−1のθ−アルミナである。アルミナ担体材料は噴霧乾燥粉末の形態、または球形、ペレット、円筒、リング、または複数の穴あきペレットであって複数の突起があったり溝彫りがあったりする形状、例えばクローバーの葉型断面を有する形状を有する成形単位の形態、あるいは当業者に公知の押し出し成形品の形態でよい。アルミナ担体は高い濾過性と摩耗耐性のため有利に選択できる。
SBA−15粉末(BET表面積=637m2g−1、全空隙体積=0.80cm3g−1)を硝酸ニッケル(II)水溶液を用いて初期ぬれ含浸して20wt%のNi/SiO2を調製した。含浸の後、15分間平衡に保った。続いて、生成物を25℃から最終温度120℃まで加熱速度1℃/分で加熱することにより、含浸された固体を乾燥した。その試料を最終温度で720分間保持した。この乾燥試料を試料Aで表す。この試料から少量(40mg)を直径1cm、長さ17cmの栓流反応器を用いて第二の熱処理に供した。試料を25℃から450℃まで加熱速度1℃/分で加熱し、体積で1%の亜酸化窒素(N2O)を含むヘリウム流中、または空気中、450℃で240分間保った(か焼)。本発明に従って1体積%の亜酸化窒素(N2O)を含むヘリウムガス流中で熱処理された試料をA−1で表し、本発明に従わず空気中でか焼された試料をA−2で表す。表1〜3に調製条件をまとめてある。
Claims (12)
- 担持された金属硝酸塩を対応する担持された金属酸化物に転化する方法であって、亜酸化窒素を含み体積で5%未満の酸素含有量を有するガス混合物であって亜酸化窒素の濃度が、体積で0.001〜15%の範囲にあるガス混合物中で、該金属硝酸塩を分解するように加熱することを含み、該金属硝酸塩が還元可能な金属酸化物を生成する、方法。
- 前記金属硝酸塩が、溶液から担体材料に含浸され、対応する前記金属酸化物に転化するために加熱する前に、溶媒を除去するために乾燥されたものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス混合物が、一つ以上の不活性ガスと亜酸化窒素からなる、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記不活性ガスが、窒素、ヘリウムまたはアルゴンから選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記担持された金属硝酸塩を100〜1200℃の範囲にある温度まで加熱する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属硝酸塩が遷移金属硝酸塩である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属硝酸塩がニッケル、コバルト、銅または鉄の硝酸塩である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記担体が金属、炭素、金属酸化物、混合金属酸化物または固体ポリマー担体である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記担体がアルミナ、金属アルミン酸塩、シリカ、アルミノケイ酸塩、チタニア、ジルコニア、またはこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記担持された金属酸化物が還元可能な金属酸化物であり、該担持された金属酸化物を還元ガス流中で加熱して、該金属酸化物の少なくとも一部を還元することをさらに含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記還元ガス流が一酸化炭素および/または水素を含有する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記担持された金属酸化物が、酸化ニッケル、酸化コバルト、酸化銅または酸化鉄であり、前記還元は水素含有ガスを用いて行われる、請求項10または請求項11に記載の方法。
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JP5067700B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-23 | 2012-11-07 | 独立行政法人日本原子力研究開発機構 | 金属酸化物粒子の製造方法 |
GB0905222D0 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2009-05-13 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Method for producing a supported metal nitrate |
MX352582B (es) | 2012-11-06 | 2017-11-07 | Mexicano Inst Petrol | Composito mesoporoso de mallas moleculares para la hidrodesintegracion de crudos pesados y residuos. |
TWI642481B (zh) * | 2013-07-17 | 2018-12-01 | 東楚股份有限公司 | Catalyst system for the production of heterogeneous catalysts and 1,2-dichloroethane |
KR101629804B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-06-14 | (주)써스텍 | 수소 제거용 촉매 제조 방법 |
CN110492112A (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏师范大学 | 一种氧还原复合催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN111847405A (zh) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-30 | 眉山顺应动力电池材料有限公司 | 一种硝酸盐热分解回收硝酸的装置系统及其使用方法 |
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