JP5284361B2 - 脱硫剤及びその製造方法、並びに炭化水素油の脱硫方法 - Google Patents
脱硫剤及びその製造方法、並びに炭化水素油の脱硫方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5284361B2 JP5284361B2 JP2010530834A JP2010530834A JP5284361B2 JP 5284361 B2 JP5284361 B2 JP 5284361B2 JP 2010530834 A JP2010530834 A JP 2010530834A JP 2010530834 A JP2010530834 A JP 2010530834A JP 5284361 B2 JP5284361 B2 JP 5284361B2
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- nickel
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 63
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 109
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 60
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PVGBHEUCHKGFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;n-[5-amino-2-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylphenyl]sulfonylacetamide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 PVGBHEUCHKGFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002795 fluorescence method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RRIWRJBSCGCBID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940116202 nickel sulfate hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
- C01G9/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/612—Surface area less than 10 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/04—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/14—Pore volume
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
(1)水に、アルカリ溶液とニッケル及び亜鉛を含有する酸性溶液とを同時に滴下して、沈殿を生成させることを特徴とする脱硫剤の製造方法である。
(2)ニッケル原料として硫酸ニッケルを用い、亜鉛原料として硫酸亜鉛を用いる前記(1)に記載の脱硫剤の製造方法である。
(3)ニッケル及び亜鉛を酸化物として含有し、比表面積が70〜200m2/gであり、ニッケル酸化物の結晶子径(X)が5nm以下、亜鉛酸化物の結晶子径(Y)が15nm以下であり、全細孔容積(V1)が0.35〜1.00mL/gであることを特徴とする脱硫剤である。
(4)ニッケルの含有量が1〜30質量%、亜鉛の含有量が30〜80質量%であり、ニッケル原子に対する亜鉛原子の質量比(Zn/Ni)が1〜15である前記(3)に記載の脱硫剤である。
(5)硫黄分を2質量ppm以上含有する炭化水素油を前記(3)又は(4)に記載の脱硫剤と水素存在下で、温度50〜300℃、圧力0.2〜5.0MPa、液空間速度が2.0h-1を超える条件で接触させる炭化水素油の脱硫方法である。
本発明の脱硫剤はニッケルと亜鉛を含むものであり、例えば、共沈法によって亜鉛やニッケルなどの金属成分を沈殿させてろ過、洗浄し、成形、焼成等の工程を経ることによって得ることができる。
本発明による脱硫方法の対象となる原料の炭化水素油は、硫黄分を含む炭化水素油であれば特に限定されないが、硫黄分を2質量ppm以上含むものが好ましく、より好ましくは2〜1,000質量ppm、より一層好ましくは2〜100質量ppm、特に好ましくは2〜40質量ppm含むものである。硫黄分が1,000質量ppmを超えると、脱硫剤の寿命が短くなり好ましくない。
炭化水素油を脱硫剤と接触させる条件としては、反応温度が50〜300℃であり、好ましくは100〜300℃である。反応温度が50℃未満であると、脱硫速度が低下し、効率的に脱硫ができず好ましくない。また、反応温度が300℃を超えると、脱硫剤がシンタリングし、脱硫速度、脱硫容量とも低下し好ましくない。なお、反応温度が100℃以上であれば、脱硫速度が十分に高く、効率的に脱硫を行うことができる。
硝酸亜鉛六水和物178.5g及び硝酸ニッケル六水和物58.2gを水に溶解したpH2.6の溶液(ニッケル及び亜鉛の総濃度:2.7mol/L)300mLを調製した。また、炭酸ナトリウム104gを水に溶解したpH12.2の溶液(ナトリウムイオン濃度:4.0mol/L)250mLを60℃に加温し、これに前記調製した亜鉛及びニッケル含有の酸性溶液を全量滴下し、その後1時間継続して撹拌した。全量滴下後のpHは、温度26℃下において8.1であった。得られた沈殿物をろ過した後、水で洗浄した。その後、120℃で16時間乾燥後、350℃で3時間焼成して脱硫剤(I)を得た。脱硫剤(I)は、ニッケル含有量が17.3質量%、亜鉛含有量が59.5質量%、ナトリウム含有量が0.01質量%であり、亜鉛含有量に対するニッケル含有量の比(質量)は0.29であった。また、亜鉛酸化物の結晶子径とニッケル酸化物の結晶子径の比は2.4であった。尚、金属分の含有量はアルカリ融解ICP法で測定し、酸化物の結晶子径はXRDで測定し、細孔容積は窒素吸脱着法によるBJH法で測定した。
硝酸亜鉛六水和物178.5g及び硝酸ニッケル六水和物58.2gを水300mLに溶解したpH2.6の酸性溶液A(ニッケル及び亜鉛の総濃度:2.7mol/L)を調製した。また、炭酸ナトリウム104gを水300mLに溶解したpH12.0のアルカリ溶液B(ナトリウムイオン濃度:3.3mol/L)を調製した。
酸性溶液Aを調製する際の水の量を1,000mL(pH3.2、ニッケル及び亜鉛の総濃度:0.8mol/L)にし、アルカリ溶液Bを調製する際の水の量を1,000mL(pH11.4、ナトリウムイオン濃度:1.0mol/L)にした以外、実施例1と同様の方法により脱硫剤(III)を得た。また、比較例1と同様にして炭化水素油の通油試験を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
酸性溶液Aを調製する際の水の量を2,000mL(pH3.6、ニッケル及び亜鉛の総濃度:0.4mol/L)にし、アルカリ溶液Bを調製する際の水の量を2,000mL(pH11.3、ナトリウムイオン濃度:0.5mol/L)にした以外、実施例1と同様の方法により脱硫剤(IV)を得た。また、比較例1と同様にして炭化水素油の通油試験を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1の硝酸塩を硫酸塩に変更して、酸性溶液Aを調製した。具体的には、硫酸亜鉛七水和物172.5g及び硫酸ニッケル六水和物52.6gを水300mLに溶解し、硫酸を滴下してpH1.6の酸性溶液A(ニッケル及び亜鉛の総濃度:2.7mol/L)を調製した。また、炭酸ナトリウム104gを水300mLに溶解したpH12.0のアルカリ溶液B(ナトリウムイオン濃度:3.3mol/L)を調製した。
酸性溶液Aの水の量を1,000mL(pH2.3、ニッケル及び亜鉛の総濃度:0.8mol/L)にし、アルカリ溶液Bの水の量を1,000mL(pH11.4、ナトリウムイオン濃度:1.0mol/L)にした以外、実施例4と同様の方法により脱硫剤(VI)を得た。また、比較例1と同様にして炭化水素油の通油試験を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
酸性溶液Aの水の量を2,000mL(pH4.3、ニッケル及び亜鉛の総濃度:0.4mol/L)にし、アルカリ溶液Bの水の量を2,000mL(pH11.3、ナトリウムイオン濃度:0.5mol/L)にした以外、実施例4と同様の方法により脱硫剤(VII)を得た。また、比較例1と同様にして炭化水素油の通油試験を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
酸性溶液Aの水の量を1,000mL(pH4.8、ニッケル及び亜鉛の総濃度:0.8mol/L)にし、アルカリ溶液Bの水の量を1,000mL(pH11.4、ナトリウムイオン濃度:1.0mol/L)にし、焼成を280℃にて2時間行った以外は、実施例4と同様の方法により脱硫剤(VIII)を得た。また、還元温度を250℃とした以外は比較例1と同様にして炭化水素油の通油試験を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で得た脱硫剤(II)9gに、ベーマイト(Catapal−C1、Sasol社製)を1g添加し、水を適宜加えてメノー乳鉢により混合した後、120℃で16時間乾燥した後、350℃にて3時間焼成し脱硫剤(IX)を得た。また、比較例1と同様にして炭化水素油の通油試験を実施した。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (5)
- 水に、アルカリ溶液とニッケル及び亜鉛を含有する酸性溶液とを同時に滴下して、沈殿を生成させることを特徴とする脱硫剤の製造方法。
- ニッケル原料として硫酸ニッケルを用い、亜鉛原料として硫酸亜鉛を用いる請求項1に記載の脱硫剤の製造方法。
- ニッケル及び亜鉛を酸化物として含有し、比表面積が70〜200m2/gであり、ニッケル酸化物の結晶子径が5nm以下、亜鉛酸化物の結晶子径が15nm以下であり、全細孔容積が0.35〜1.00mL/gであることを特徴とする脱硫剤。
- ニッケルの含有量が1〜30質量%、亜鉛の含有量が30〜80質量%であり、ニッケル原子に対する亜鉛原子の質量比(Zn/Ni)が1〜15である請求項3に記載の脱硫剤。
- 硫黄分を2質量ppm以上含有する炭化水素油を請求項3又は4に記載の脱硫剤と水素存在下で、温度50〜300℃、圧力0.2〜5.0MPa、液空間速度が2.0h-1を超える条件で接触させる炭化水素油の脱硫方法。
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