JP5187927B2 - Water-soluble polymer dispersion and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Water-soluble polymer dispersion and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP5187927B2 JP5187927B2 JP2001226013A JP2001226013A JP5187927B2 JP 5187927 B2 JP5187927 B2 JP 5187927B2 JP 2001226013 A JP2001226013 A JP 2001226013A JP 2001226013 A JP2001226013 A JP 2001226013A JP 5187927 B2 JP5187927 B2 JP 5187927B2
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- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 24
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 anion salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 4
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- FZGFBJMPSHGTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)C=C FZGFBJMPSHGTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZGCZDEVLEULNLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZGCZDEVLEULNLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PZXSLFQJOZPCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]diazene;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.N1C(C)CN=C1C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C1=NCC(C)N1 PZXSLFQJOZPCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIAVQNCBHNMYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-hydroxypropyl-dimethyl-[phenyl(prop-2-enoyloxy)methyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(O)C[N+](C)(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIAVQNCBHNMYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DWSMBORYMHSAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(4-amino-4-iminobutan-2-yl)diazenyl]butanimidamide;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)CC(C)N=NC(C)CC(N)=N DWSMBORYMHSAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QBZPCMKUFMJWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-dimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QBZPCMKUFMJWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LAVWIZQBXPOEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCN(CC=C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 LAVWIZQBXPOEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGESLFUSXZBFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCN(C)CC=C WGESLFUSXZBFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLPJNCYCZORXHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-morpholin-4-ylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CCOCC1 XLPJNCYCZORXHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBZBISQOWJYWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxypropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(O)=O VBZBISQOWJYWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanobutan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylbutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CC)C#N AVTLBBWTUPQRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CCC(O)=O)C#N VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-carboxypropanoylperoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCC(O)=O MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTANHMOFHGSZQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)(C)CC(C)C#N RTANHMOFHGSZQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFFCENKANLEONZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.CC(C)C1=NCC(C)N1 IFFCENKANLEONZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STFIZEBRSSCPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1CNC=N1 STFIZEBRSSCPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011837 N,N-methylenebisacrylamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012726 Water-in-Oil Emulsion Polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N abcn Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C#N)N=NC1(C#N)CCCCC1 KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012935 ammoniumperoxodisulfate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GYCUTPICSQQWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]diazene Chemical compound N1C(C)CN=C1C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C1=NCC(C)N1 GYCUTPICSQQWKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010800 human waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCC SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNMCQIRVFUGISV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one;prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)=O.NC(=O)C=C BNMCQIRVFUGISV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001370 static light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水溶性高分子分散液及びその製造方法に関するものであり、詳しくは塩水溶液中に粒径100μm以下のカチオン性及び/又は両性水溶性高分子微粒子と、分散剤として該塩水溶液に可溶な天然系高分子の少なくとも一種以上が共存する水溶性高分子分散液に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
水溶性カチオン性高分子は、廃水処理用の凝集剤或いは製紙用薬剤として使用されているが、高分子化合物であるため水に溶解した状態では高粘性溶液となる。そのためどのような製品形態にするかが商品化するうえで大きなポイントとなる。たとえば、水溶液の静置重合法では、高分子量の重合体を得るためには、10重量%以上の単量体濃度で重合を行うため、生成物は、含水したゲル状となり、そのままの状態では溶解も困難であるため、該生成物を更に希釈して流動性のある低濃度溶液で市販するかなど重合後の工程が必要になる。その対策のひとつの形態として粉末化があり、多くの製品がこの形態と採っている。しかし、粉末品は使用時、溶解するのに時間がかかり、そのためのエネルギ−も多く要する。その解決を図ったのがエマルジョン製品である。油中水型エマルジョンの状態で重合し、重合後、親水性界面活性剤を添加し、溶解し易くした状態で販売される。粉末に較べると溶解時間は短く、高重合度の高分子物も得られる。
【0003】
しかし、油中水型のエマルジョンでは、引火性を有し、更に貴重な有機溶剤を無駄に消費する欠点を有しており、また、疏水性溶媒中での懸濁重合では、シクロヘキサン、トルエン等の引火性物質を用いるため、製造設備に多額の費用が必要となるなど欠点を有している。油中水型エマルジョン重合法の欠点を克服するために、多価アニオン塩水溶液中で、たとえばアクリロイルオキシエチルベンジルジメチルアンモニウム塩化物の(共)重合体のように、前記多価アニオン塩水溶液に溶解しない重合体を微細粒子として塩水中に分散した分散液を製造する方法が開発された。これは特公平4−39481号公報や特公平6−51755号公報に記載された方法によって製造することが可能である。前者の公報は、分散剤として多価アルコ−ルを重合時共存させる方法が開示され、後者の公報では、分散剤として多価アニオン塩水溶液中に可溶なカチオン性高分子を重合時共存させる方法が開示されている。
【0004】
これらの公報には、アクリロイルオキシエチルベンジルジメチルアンモニウム塩化物のような(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルベンジルジアルキルアンモニウム塩化物系単量体は必須成分として重合時共存させ、共重合時併用するカチオン性単量体は、N,N−ジアルキルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレ−トは、三級アミノ基あるいは四級アンモニウム塩基含有アクリル型単量体である。現在、問題となっている点は、前記ベンジル系単量体の共重合率を減少させた場合や全く使用しない場合、重合時の増粘が激しくしばしば分散重合が不可能になることである。分散剤として多価アルコ−ルや多価アニオン塩水溶液中に可溶なカチオン性高分子を主に使用しているが、増粘を抑制するに適した分散剤の開発が大きなテ−マとなっている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、重合時の増粘を抑制し効率良く水溶性高分子を製造できる分散剤を含有する水溶性高分子分散液を開発することであり、その水溶性高分子分散液を効率良く製造可能な製造方法を開発することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため本発明者は鋭意検討した結果、以下のような発明に到達した。すなわち請求項1の発明は、塩水溶液に可溶でかつ下記一般式(1)で表わされる単量体5〜50モル%、下記一般式(2)及び/又は(3)で表わされる単量体50〜95モル%及び共重合可能な他の非イオン性単量体0〜30モル%の共重合体からなる分散剤と、粒径100μm以下のカチオン性、非イオン性及び両性から選択される一種以上の水溶性高分子微粒子が、塩水溶液中に共存することを特徴とする水溶性高分子分散液である。
【化1】
一般式(1)
R1は水素又はメチル基、R2は水素またはメチル基、R3は水素又は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、nは1〜50の整数。
【化2】
一般式(2)
R4は水素又はメチル基、R5、R6は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基あるいはアルコキシル基、R7は水素、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシル基あるいはベンジル基であり、同種でも異種でも良い、Aは酸素またはNH、Bは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基またはアルコキシレン基を表わす、X1は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
【化3】
一般式(3)
R8は水素又はメチル基、R9、R10は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシ基あるいはベンジル基、X2は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす
【0007】
請求項2の発明は、前記カチオン性、非イオン性及び両性から選択される一種以上の水溶性高分子微粒子が、前記分散剤を少なくとも一種以上共存させ、下記一般式(2)及び/又は(3)で表される単量体0〜100モル%、(4)で表される単量体0〜50モル%、アクリルアミド0〜100モル%及び共重合可能な他の非イオン性単量体0〜30モル%からなる単量体(混合物)を、塩水溶液中攪拌下、分散重合することによって製造されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水溶性高分子分散液である。
【化2】
一般式(2)
R4は水素又はメチル基、R5、R6は炭素数1〜3のアルキル碁あるいはアルコキシル基、R7は水素、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシル基あるいはベンジル基であり、同種でも異種でも良い、Aは酸素またはNH、Bは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基またはアルコキシレン基を表わす、X1は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
【化3】
一般式(3)
R8は水素又はメチル基、R9、R10は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシ基あるいはベンジル基、X2は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
【化4】
一般式(4)
R11は水素、メチル基またはカルボキシメチル基、AはSO3、C6H4SO3、CONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3、C6H4COOあるいはCOO、R12は水素またはCOOY2、Y1あるいはY2は水素または陽イオン。
【0008】
前請求項3の発明は、記分散剤のイオン当量値が、1.0〜7.0meq/gであることを特徴とする請求項1あるいは2に記載の水溶性高分子分散液である。
【0009】
請求項4の発明は、 高分子分微粒子を構成するカチオン性、非イオン性及び両性から選択される一種以上の水溶性高分子の重量平均分子量が、200万以上、2000万以下であることを特徴とする請求項1あるいは2に記載の重合体分散液である。
【0010】
請求項5の発明は、塩水溶液を構成する塩が、少なくとも一種の多価アニオン塩を含有することを特徴とする請求項1あるいは2に記載の水溶性高分子分散液である。
【0011】
請求項6の発明は、分散剤として塩水溶液に可溶でかつ下記一般式(1)で表わされる単量体5〜50モル%、下記一般式(2)及び/又は(3)で表わされる単量体50〜95モル%及び共重合可能な他の非イオン性単量体0〜30モル%からなる共重合体を共存させ、下記一般式(2)及び/又は(3)で表される単量体0〜100モル%、(4)で表される単量体0〜50モル%、アクリルアミド0〜100モル%及び共重合可能な他の非イオン性単量体0〜30モル%からなる単量体(混合物)を、塩水溶液において攪拌下、分散重合することを特徴とする粒径100μm以下の微粒子からなる水溶性高分子分散液の製造方法である。
【化1】
一般式(1)
R1は水素又はメチル基、R2は水素またはメチル基、R3は水素又は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、nは1〜50の整数。
【化2】
一般式(2)
R4は水素又はメチル基、R5、R6は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基あるいはアルコキシル基、R7は水素、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシル基あるいはベンジル基であり、同種でも異種でも良い、Aは酸素またはNH、Bは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基またはアルコキシレン基を表わす、X1は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
【化3】
一般式(3)
R8は水素又はメチル基、R9、R10は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシ基あるいはベンジル基、X2は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす
【化4】
一般式(4)
R11は水素、メチル基またはカルボキシメチル基、AはSO3、C6H4SO3、CONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3、C6H4COOあるいはCOO、R12は水素またはCOOY2、Y1あるいはY2は水素または陽イオン。
【0012】
請求項7の発明は、前記分散剤のイオン当量値が、1.0〜7.0meq/gであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の水溶性高分子分散液の製造方法である。
【0013】
請求項8の発明は、 塩水溶液を構成する塩が、少なくとも一種の多価アニオン塩を含有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の水溶性高分子分散液の製造方法である。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のカチオン性、非イオン性及び両性から選択される一種以上の水溶性高分子分散液は、塩水溶液中で該塩水溶液に可溶な天然系高分子分散剤共存下で、分散重合法により製造した粒系100μm以下の高分子微粒子からなる。具体的に製造方法を説明すると以下のようである。硫酸アンモニウムのような多価アニオン塩の水溶液を調製し、カチオン性単量体として(メタ)アクリレ−ト系四級アンモニウム塩基含有単量体とアクリルアミド、また両性水溶性高分子の場合は(メタ)アクリル酸を加える。また非イオン性水溶性高分子の場合は、(メタ)アクリルアミドを用いる。分散剤として前記一般式(1)の側鎖を有するグラフトコポリマーを重合前に共存させる。この時の単量体溶液のpHは2〜6に設定する。混合物を均一に溶解した後、窒素置換により反応系の酸素を除去しラジカル重合性開始剤を添加することによって重合を開始させ、重合体を製造することができる。また、重合開始前に連鎖移動剤や架橋剤などを共存させることは他の重合法と同様である。
【0015】
まず初めにグラフトポリマーについて説明する。前記一般式(1)で表される側鎖を有する高分子は、(メタ)アクリル系重合物や共重合物にアルキレンオキサイドを付加して合成することもできるが、前記一般式(3)で表されるようなポリオキシアルキレングリコ−ルと(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類を、カチオン性単量体と共重合することによって容易に合成することができる。単量体の具体例は、ポリエチレングリコ−ル(メタ)アクリル酸などであり、ポリエチレングリコ−ル鎖の重合度としては、1〜50であり、好ましくは3〜30である。この場合のポリオキシアルキレングリコ−ル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類のアニオン性単量体に対する共重合モル%としては、5〜50モル%であり、好ましくは10〜30モル%である。5モル%より少ないとポリオキシアルキレン鎖の効果が発揮されず、また50モル%より多くなると、分散剤として高分子のカチオン性基とポリオキシアルキレン鎖との相乗効果が発現されにくく機能が低下し好ましくない。
【0016】
前記ポリオキシアルキレングリコ−ル(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類と共重合するカチオン性単量体は、三級アミノ基含有単量体の例として、(メタ)アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチルやジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミドなどが上げられる。また、四級アンモニウム基含有単量体の例としては、前記三級アミノ含有単量体の塩化メチルや塩化ベンジルによる四級化物である(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ2−ヒドロキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルアミノプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ2−ヒドロキシプロピルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルアミノプロピルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物などがあげられる。また、一般式(2)で表されるカチオン性単量体の例としては、ジアリルメチルアミン、ジアリルベンジルアミン、ジメチルジアリルアンモニウム塩化物ジアリルメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物などである。
【0017】
これらポリオキシアルキレン鎖含有するグラフトコポリマ−の分子量としては、5、000から300万、好ましくは1万から200万である。分散剤の単量体に対する添加量は、単量体に対して1/100〜15/100であり、好ましくは2/100〜1/10である。
【0018】
本発明のポリオキシアルキレン鎖を有するグラフトコポリマ−がなぜ効果を発揮するかはまだ解明されていはいない。現象から推定して以下のように考えられる。塩水溶液中で重合が進行していくと、生成高分子濃度は、溶解度以上となり高分子粒子の析出が始まるが、その手前では溶解している高分子のため重合物自体(重合系)の粘性も増加し、溶解高分子と析出粒子が共存した状態になる。この後、析出した高分子の割合は増加していき、重合物は徐々に粘性が低下し、分散状態に相変化する。この共存状態時に、析出粒子とゲル状の溶解高分子間における滑りを向上させ、相変化前の増粘状態から分散状態への相変化をスム−ズに移行させるのが、分散剤の役目の一つと考えられる。カチオン性基は粒子表面をイオン化し、粒子同志の凝集を防止し、ポリオキシアルキレン鎖は析出粒子とゲル状溶解高分子間の滑り向上にそれぞれ寄与しているものと推定される。したがって重合組成によりそれら活性基の適度なバランスが必要となる。
【0019】
水溶性高分子を重合する際に使用するカチオン性単量体のうち一般式(2)で表される単量体の例としては、三級アミノ基含有単量体の例として、(メタ)アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチルやジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミドなどが上げられる。また、四級アンモニウム基含有単量体の例としては、前記三級アミノ含有単量体の塩化メチルや塩化ベンジルによる四級化物である(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ2−ヒドロキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルアミノプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ2−ヒドロキシプロピルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物、(メタ)アクリロイルアミノプロピルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物などがあげられる。また、一般式(3)で表されるカチオン性単量体の例としては、ジアリルメチルアミン、ジアリルベンジルアミン、ジメチルジアリルアンモニウム塩化物ジアリルメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物などである。
【0020】
またアクリルアミド以外の非イオン性単量体を共重合しても良く、そのような例としてN,N−ジメチルアクリルアミド、酢酸ビニル、アクリロニトリル、アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、N−ビニルピロリドン、N−ビニルホルムアミド、N−ビニルアセトアミド、アクリロイルモルホリンなどがあげられる。
【0021】
カチオン性水溶性高分子の分散液を製造する場合のカチオン性単量体のモル比は、1〜100モル%であり、好ましくは5〜100モル%であり、さらに好ましくは10〜100モル%である。両性水溶性高分子の分散液を製造する場合は、カチオン性単量体10〜95モル%、好ましくは20〜95モル%である。また、アニオン性単量体は、5〜50モル%が好ましく、さらに好ましくは5〜40モル%である。アクリルアミドは0〜85モル%であり、好ましくは0〜75モル%である。
【0022】
また、N,N−メチレンビスアクリルアミドやエチレングリコ−ル(メタ)アクリレ−トなどの多官能性単量体、あるいはN,N−ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミドやN,N−ジエチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなど熱架橋性単量体を共重合して架橋や分岐した重合体を合成し、改質することも可能である。
【0023】
重合条件は通常、使用する単量体や共重合モル%によって適宜決めていき、温度としては0〜100℃の範囲で行う。重合開始はラジカル重合開始剤を使用する。これら開始剤は油溶性あるいは水溶性のどちらでも良く、アゾ系,過酸化物系、レドックス系いずれでも重合することが可能である。油溶性アゾ系開始剤の例としては、2、2’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、1、1’−アゾビス(シクロヘキサンカルボニトリル)、2、2’−アゾビス(2−メチルブチロニトリル)、2、2’−アゾビス(2−メチルプロピオネ−ト)、4、4−アゾビス(4−メトキシ−2、4ジメチル)バレロニトリルなどがあげられ、水混溶性溶剤に溶解し添加する。
【0024】
水溶性アゾ系開始剤の例としては、2、2’−アゾビス(アミジノプロパン)二塩化水素化物、2、2’−アゾビス〔2−(5−メチル−2−イミダゾリン−2−イル)プロパン〕二塩化水素化物、4、4’−アゾビス(4−シアノ吉草酸)などがあげられる。またレドックス系の例としては、ペルオクソ二硫酸アンモニウムと亜硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、トリメチルアミン、テトラメチルエチレンジアミンなどとの組み合わせがあげられる。さらに過酸化物の例としては、ペルオクソ二硫酸アンモニウムあるいはカリウム、過酸化水素、ベンゾイルペルオキサイド、ラウロイルペルオキサイド、オクタノイルペルオキサイド、サクシニックペルオキサイド、t-ブチルペルオキシ2−エチルヘキサノエ−トなどをあげることができる。これら開始剤の中で最も好ましいのは、水溶性アゾ開始剤である2、2’−アゾビス(アミジノプロパン)二塩化水素化物、2、2’−アゾビス〔2−(5−メチル−2−イミダゾリン−2−イル)プロパン〕二塩化水素化物である。
【0025】
使用する塩類としては、ナトリウムやカリウムのようなアルカリ金属イオンやアンモニウムイオンとハロゲン化物イオン、硫酸イオン、硝酸イオン、リン酸イオンなどとの塩であるが、多価陰イオンとの塩がより好ましい。これら塩類の塩濃度としては、7重量%〜飽和濃度まで使用できる。
【0026】
本発明のカチオン性、非イオン性及び両性から選択される水溶性高分子分散液は、製紙工業におけるパルプスラッジの脱水、その他食品工業、金属、石油精製の各排水処理、また建材関係の砂利洗浄排水の処理また、一般産業排水処理で生じる有機性汚泥及び凝集汚泥を含む混合汚泥などに適用可能である。特に有効な対象物として下水、し尿の消化汚泥、あるいは食品工業排水の余剰汚泥などに優れた効果を発揮する。これら汚泥は、本発明の両性水溶性高分子分散液を水に溶解し水溶液とした後、添加し、凝集させた後、ベルトプレス、フィルタ−プレス、デカンタ−あるいはスクリュ−プレスなどの脱水機により脱水する。添加量としては、排水の種類、懸濁物濃度などのよって変化するものであるが、液量に対して0.1〜1000ppm程度である。また、汚泥に対しては、汚泥ssに対して0.1〜3重量%である。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および比較例によって本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、以下の実施例に制約されるものではない。
【0028】
(グラフトコポリマ−の合成)攪拌機、還流冷却管、温度計および窒素導入管を備えた4つ口500mlセパラブルフラスコに脱イオン水180.4g、アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物99.5g及びメタクリル酸ポリオキシエチレングリコ−ル(PEO鎖分子量約400)10.5gを加え均一溶液とした。液温を35±3℃に調節しながら、2、2−アゾビス[2−(5−メチル−2−イミダゾリン−2−イル)プロパン]ニ塩化水素化物の10%水溶液1.0g(対単量体1%)を加え重合を開始させ、この温度に保ち15時間反応させた。このグラフトコポリマ−のカチオン性単量体とポリエチレングリコールエステルとのモル%比は95:5である。その後、カチオン当量と重量平均分子量を測定した。この分散剤を高分子NO.Aとする。同様の操作により表1に記載する組成のグラフトコポリマ−NO.B〜Iを合成した。
【0029】
【実施例1】
撹拌器、温度計、還流冷却器、窒素導入管を備えた五つ口セパラブルフラスコに、合成例で作成した高分子NO.A(30%水溶液)、20.8g(対単量体5%)、イオン交換水175.6g、硫酸アンモニウム115.0g、アクリルアミド50%水溶液67.4g及びアクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、80%水溶液115.0gを仕込み、完全に溶解させた。内温を33〜35℃に保ち、30分間窒素置換後、開始剤として2、2’−アゾビス〔2−(5−メチル−2−イミダゾリン−2−イル)プロパン〕二塩化水素化物の1%水溶液1.9g(対単量体0.015%)を加え重合を開始させた。開始2.5時間後、反応物はやや粘度の上昇が観測されたが、25分間その状態が継続したが、その後すぐに収まり分散液に移行していった。開始6時間後、前記開始剤溶液を0.5g追加しさらに6時間重合を行った。得られた分散液のしこみ単量体濃度は25.0%であり、ポリマー粒径は10μm以下、分散液の粘度は150mPa・sであった。また、静的光散乱法による分子量測定器(大塚電子製DLS−7000)によって重量平均分子量を測定した。この試料を試作−1とする。結果を表2に示す。
【0030】
【実施例2】
実施例1と同様な操作により高分子NO.Cを用いアクリルアミド/アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物/アクリロイルオキシエチルベンジルジメチルアンモニウム塩化物=60/20/20の共重合体分散液、試作−2を合成した。結果を表2に示す。
【0031】
【実施例3】
実施例1と同様な操作により高分子NO.Eを用い、アクリルアミド/アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物=80/20の共重合体分散液、試作−3を合成した。結果を表2に示す。
【0032】
【実施例4】
実施例1と同様な操作により高分子NO.Bを用い、アクリルアミド/アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物/メタクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物=30/40/30の共重合体分散液、試作−4を合成した。結果を表2に示す。
【0033】
【実施例5】
撹拌器、温度計、還流冷却器、窒素導入管を備えた五つ口セパラブルフラスコに、アクリルアミド50%水溶液59.0gとアクリル酸60%水溶液25.0gをし込み、35%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液23.8gによりアクリル酸に対し当量分中和した。これに合成例の高分子NO.B(30%水溶液)15.6g(対単量対5.0%)、イオン交換水175g、硫酸アンモニウム115.0g、及びアクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、80%水溶液100.6gを仕込み、完全に溶解させた。内温を33〜35℃に保ち、30分間窒素置換後、開始剤として2、2’−アゾビス〔2−(5−メチル−2−イミダゾリン−2−イル)プロパン〕二塩化水素化物の1%水溶液1.9g(対単量対0.015%)を加え重合を開始させた。開始2時間後、反応物はやや粘度の上昇が観測されたが、20分間その状態が継続し、その後すぐに収まり分散液に移行していった。開始6時間後、前記開始剤溶液を1.2g追加しさらに8時間重合を行った。得られた分散液のし込み単量対濃度は23%であり、ポリマー粒径は2〜20μmの範囲にあり、分散液の粘度は130mPa・sであった。同様に重量平均分子量を測定した。この試料を試作−5とする。結果を表2に示す。
【0034】
【実施例6〜12】
実施例1〜5と同様な操作により試作−6〜試作−12を合成した。結果を表2に示す。
【0035】
【比較例1】
撹拌器、温度計、還流冷却器、窒素導入管を備えた五つ口セパラブルフラスコに、アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物単独重合体(高分子―1、20%水溶液、重量平均分子量80万)、34.4g(対単量体5.5%)、イオン交換水227.1g、硫酸アンモニウム115.0g、アクリルアミド50%水溶液67.4g及びアクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、80%水溶液115.0gを仕込み、完全に溶解させた。内温を33〜35℃に保ち、30分間窒素置換後、開始剤として2、2’−アゾビス〔2−(5−メチル−2−イミダゾリン−2−イル)プロパン〕二塩化水素化物の1%水溶液1.9g(対単量体0.015%)を加え重合を開始させた。開始2時間後、反応物は大きな粘度上昇を示し、約40分間その状態が継続したが、徐々に収まり分散液に移行していった。開始8時間後、前記開始剤溶液を0.5g追加しさらに6時間重合を行った。得られた分散液のしこみ単量体濃度は22.0%であり、ポリマー粒径は10μm以下、分散液の粘度は380mPa・sであった。同様に重量平均分子量を測定した。この試料を比較−1とする。結果を表2に示す。
【0036】
【比較例2】
比較例5と同様な操作により分散剤としてアクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物/アクリロイルオキシエチルベンジルジメチルアンモニウム塩化物=50/50共重合物(高分子―2、20%水溶液、重量平均分子量50万)を用い、アクリルアミド/アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物=50/50の共重合体分散液、比較−2を合成した。結果を表2に示す。
【0037】
【比較例3】
撹拌器、温度計、還流冷却器、窒素導入管を備えた五つ口セパラブルフラスコに、アクリルアミド50%水溶液59.0gとアクリル酸60%水溶液25.0gをし込み、35%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液23.8gによりアクリル酸に対し当量分中和した。これに、ポリオキシエチレン末端ジ水酸基化物6.9g(対単量体6.0%)、イオン交換水160g、硫酸アンモニウム115.0g、及びアクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、80%水溶液100.6gを仕込み、完全に溶解させた。内温を33〜35℃に保ち、30分間窒素置換後、開始剤として2、2’−アゾビス〔2−(5−メチル−2−イミダゾリン−2−イル)プロパン〕二塩化水素化物の1%水溶液1.9g(対単量対0.015%)を加え重合を開始させた。開始1時間35分後、反応物は大きな粘度上昇を示し、約30分間その状態が継続したが、徐々に収まり分散液に移行していった。開始8時間後、前記開始剤溶液を1.2g追加しさらに8時間重合を行った。得られた分散液のし込み単量対濃度は23%であり、ポリマー粒径は2〜20μmの範囲にあり、分散液の粘度は410mPa・sであった。同様に重量平均分子量を測定した。この試料を比較−3とする。結果を表1に示す。
【0038】
【比較例4】
比較例1〜3と同様な操作により分散剤としてアクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物/メタクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物=70/30共重合物(高分子―3、20%水溶液、重量平均分子量120万)を用い、アクリルアミド/アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物/アクリル酸=40/40/20共重合体分散液、比較−4を合成した。結果を表2に示した。
【0039】
【比較例5〜6】
比較例1〜3と同様な操作により分散剤として高分子NO.H及びIを用い比較−5及び比較−6を合成した。結果を表2に示した。
【0040】
【表1】
イオン当量;meq/g、分子量:単位は万(1)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物(2)メタクロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物(3)アクリロイルアミノプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物
【0041】
【表2】
DMQ:アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、DMC:メタクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、DMPQ:アクリロイルアミノプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム塩化物、ABC:アクリロイルオキシエチルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム塩化物、AAC:アクリル酸、AAM:アクリルアミド、単量体の比率はモル%、
【0042】
【表3】
添加量は対単量体(重量%)、分散液粘度:mPa・s、分子量:単位は万[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water-soluble polymer dispersion and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, cationic and / or amphoteric water-soluble polymer fine particles having a particle size of 100 μm or less in an aqueous salt solution, and the aqueous salt solution as a dispersant. The present invention relates to a water-soluble polymer dispersion in which at least one soluble natural polymer coexists.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The water-soluble cationic polymer is used as a flocculant for wastewater treatment or a papermaking agent. However, since it is a polymer compound, it becomes a highly viscous solution when dissolved in water. Or to any product form for that is a big point in terms of commercialization. For example, in the static polymerization method of an aqueous solution, in order to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, polymerization is performed at a monomer concentration of 10% by weight or more, so that the product becomes a gel containing water, and as it is, Since dissolution is also difficult, a post-polymerization step is required, such as whether the product is further diluted and marketed in a low-concentration solution with fluidity. One form of countermeasure is pulverization, and many products adopt this form. However, it takes time to dissolve the powder product during use, and much energy is required. The solution is the emulsion product. It is polymerized in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, and after polymerization, a hydrophilic surfactant is added to make it easy to dissolve. Compared to powder, the dissolution time is short, and a polymer having a high degree of polymerization can be obtained.
[0003]
However, water-in-oil emulsions are flammable and have the disadvantage of wastefully consuming valuable organic solvents. In suspension polymerization in hydrophobic solvents, cyclohexane, toluene, etc. Because of the use of this flammable material, there are drawbacks such as a large amount of cost required for the production equipment. In order to overcome the disadvantages of water-in-oil emulsion polymerization, dissolved in an aqueous polyvalent anion salt solution such as an (co) polymer of acryloyloxyethylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride in an aqueous polyvalent anion salt solution. A method has been developed for producing a dispersion in which a polymer that is not dispersed is dispersed as fine particles in brine. This can be manufactured by the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-39481 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-51755. The former publication discloses a method of coexisting a polyhydric alcohol as a dispersant during polymerization, and the latter publication coexists a soluble cationic polymer in an aqueous polyvalent anion salt solution as a dispersant during polymerization. A method is disclosed.
[0004]
In these publications, a (meth) acryloyloxyethylbenzyldialkylammonium chloride monomer such as acryloyloxyethylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride coexists as an essential component during polymerization, and a cationic monomer used together during copolymerization. The N, N-dialkylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate is an acrylic monomer containing a tertiary amino group or a quaternary ammonium base. At present, the problem is that when the copolymerization rate of the benzyl monomer is reduced or not used at all, the viscosity during polymerization is so severe that dispersion polymerization is often impossible. As the dispersant, polyvalent alcohols and cationic polymers soluble in polyvalent anion salt aqueous solution are mainly used, but the development of dispersants suitable for suppressing thickening is a major theme. It has become.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to develop a water-soluble polymer dispersion containing a dispersant capable of efficiently producing a water-soluble polymer while suppressing thickening during polymerization. It is to develop a manufacturing method that can be manufactured well.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have reached the following invention. That is, the invention of claim 1 is soluble in an aqueous salt solution and has a monomer content of 5 to 50 mol% represented by the following general formula (1), a single amount represented by the following general formula (2) and / or (3). Selected from a dispersing agent comprising a copolymer of 50 to 95 mol% of a copolymer and 0 to 30 mol% of a copolymerizable other nonionic monomer, and cationic, nonionic and amphoteric particles having a particle size of 100 μm or less. One or more types of water-soluble polymer fine particles coexist in a salt aqueous solution.
[Chemical 1]
General formula (1)
R 1 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 2 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 3 Is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 50.
[Chemical 2]
General formula (2)
R 4 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 5 , R 6 Is an alkyl or alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 7 Is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group, or a benzyl group, which may be the same or different, A is oxygen or NH, B is an alkylene group or alkoxylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, X 1 Represents an anion, respectively.
[Chemical 3]
General formula (3)
R 8 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 9 , R 10 Is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a benzyl group, X 2 Represents each anion
[0007]
The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the one or more water-soluble polymer fine particles selected from the cationic, nonionic and amphoteric coexist with at least one kind of the dispersant, and the following general formula (2) and / or ( 3) Monomer represented by 0 to 100 mol%, Monomer represented by (4) 0 to 50 mol%, Acrylamide 0 to 100 mol%, and other nonionic monomers copolymerizable 2. The water-soluble polymer dispersion according to claim 1, which is produced by subjecting a monomer (mixture) composed of 0 to 30 mol% to dispersion polymerization under stirring in an aqueous salt solution. is there.
[Chemical 2]
General formula (2)
R 4 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 5 , R 6 Is an alkyl group or alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 7 Is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group, or a benzyl group, which may be the same or different, A is oxygen or NH, B is an alkylene group or alkoxylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, X 1 Represents an anion, respectively.
[Chemical 3]
General formula (3)
R 8 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 9 , R 10 Is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a benzyl group, X 2 Represents an anion, respectively.
[Formula 4]
General formula (4)
R 11 Is hydrogen, methyl group or carboxymethyl group, A is SO 3 , C 6 H 4 SO 3 , CONHC (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 SO 3 , C 6 H 4 COO or COO, R 12 Is hydrogen or COOY 2 , Y 1 Or Y 2 Is hydrogen or cation.
[0008]
The invention of claim 3 is the water-soluble polymer dispersion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersant has an ion equivalent value of 1.0 to 7.0 meq / g.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 4 is that the weight average molecular weight of one or more water-soluble polymers selected from cationic, nonionic and amphoteric constituting the polymer fine particles is 2 million or more and 20 million or less. The polymer dispersion according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
[0010]
The invention according to claim 5 is the water-soluble polymer dispersion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the salt constituting the aqueous salt solution contains at least one kind of polyvalent anion salt.
[0011]
The invention of claim 6 is soluble in an aqueous salt solution as a dispersant and is represented by 5 to 50 mol% of a monomer represented by the following general formula (1), and represented by the following general formula (2) and / or (3). A copolymer consisting of 50 to 95 mol% of a monomer and 0 to 30 mol% of another nonionic monomer capable of copolymerization is allowed to coexist and is represented by the following general formula (2) and / or (3). 0 to 100 mol% of the monomer, 0 to 50 mol% of the monomer represented by (4), 0 to 100 mol% of acrylamide and 0 to 30 mol% of other nonionic monomer copolymerizable A method for producing a water-soluble polymer dispersion comprising fine particles having a particle size of 100 μm or less, wherein the monomer (mixture) is dispersed and polymerized with stirring in an aqueous salt solution.
[Chemical 1]
General formula (1)
R 1 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 2 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 3 Is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 50.
[Chemical 2]
General formula (2)
R 4 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 5 , R 6 Is an alkyl or alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 7 Is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group, or a benzyl group, which may be the same or different, A is oxygen or NH, B is an alkylene group or alkoxylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, X 1 Represents an anion, respectively.
[Chemical 3]
General formula (3)
R 8 Is hydrogen or methyl group, R 9 , R 10 Is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a benzyl group, X 2 Represents each anion
[Formula 4]
General formula (4)
R 11 Is hydrogen, methyl group or carboxymethyl group, A is SO 3 , C 6 H 4 SO 3 , CONHC (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 SO 3 , C 6 H 4 COO or COO, R 12 Is hydrogen or COOY 2 , Y 1 Or Y 2 Is hydrogen or cation.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 7 is the method for producing a water-soluble polymer dispersion according to claim 6, wherein the ion equivalent value of the dispersant is 1.0 to 7.0 meq / g.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 8 is the method for producing a water-soluble polymer dispersion according to claim 6, wherein the salt constituting the aqueous salt solution contains at least one kind of polyvalent anion salt.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One or more water-soluble polymer dispersions selected from the cationic, nonionic and amphoteric of the present invention are dispersed in a salt solution in the presence of a natural polymer dispersant soluble in the salt solution. Made of polymer fine particles having a particle size of 100 μm or less. The manufacturing method will be specifically described as follows. Prepare an aqueous solution of polyvalent anion salt such as ammonium sulfate and use (meth) acrylate quaternary ammonium base-containing monomer and acrylamide as the cationic monomer, or (meth) in the case of amphoteric water-soluble polymers Add acrylic acid. In the case of a nonionic water-soluble polymer, (meth) acrylamide is used. A graft copolymer having a side chain of the general formula (1) is allowed to coexist as a dispersant before polymerization. The pH of the monomer solution at this time is set to 2-6. After the mixture is uniformly dissolved, the polymerization can be started by removing oxygen in the reaction system by nitrogen substitution and adding a radical polymerizable initiator to produce a polymer. In addition, the presence of a chain transfer agent, a crosslinking agent or the like before the start of polymerization is the same as other polymerization methods.
[0015]
First, the graft polymer will be described. The polymer having a side chain represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized by adding an alkylene oxide to a (meth) acrylic polymer or copolymer, but in the general formula (3), Polyoxyalkylene glycol and (meth) acrylic acid esters as represented can be easily synthesized by copolymerizing with a cationic monomer. Specific examples of the monomer include polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylic acid, and the polymerization degree of the polyethylene glycol chain is 1 to 50, preferably 3 to 30. In this case, the copolymerization mol% of the polyoxyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylic acid ester with respect to the anionic monomer is 5 to 50 mol%, preferably 10 to 30 mol%. When the amount is less than 5 mol%, the effect of the polyoxyalkylene chain is not exerted. When the amount is more than 50 mol%, the synergistic effect of the cationic group of the polymer and the polyoxyalkylene chain is hardly exhibited as a dispersant, and the function is lowered. It is not preferable.
[0016]
Cationic monomers copolymerized with the polyoxyalkylene glycol (meth) acrylates include, for example, tertiary amino group-containing monomers such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and dimethylaminopropyl ( (Meth) acrylamide etc. are raised. Examples of the quaternary ammonium group-containing monomer include (meth) acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloyl, which is a quaternized product of the tertiary amino-containing monomer with methyl chloride or benzyl chloride. Oxy-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloyloxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloyloxy 2-hydroxypropyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, (meta ) Acrylylaminopropyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and the like. Examples of the cationic monomer represented by the general formula (2) include diallylmethylamine, diallylbenzylamine, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, diallylmethylbenzylammonium chloride, and the like.
[0017]
The molecular weight of the graft copolymer containing these polyoxyalkylene chains is 5,000 to 3 million, preferably 10,000 to 2 million. The addition amount of the dispersant with respect to the monomer is 1/100 to 15/100, preferably 2/100 to 1/10 with respect to the monomer.
[0018]
It has not yet been clarified why the graft copolymer having a polyoxyalkylene chain of the present invention is effective. Presumed from the phenomenon, it is considered as follows. As the polymerization proceeds in an aqueous salt solution, the concentration of the resulting polymer becomes higher than the solubility, and the precipitation of polymer particles begins, but the polymer itself (polymerization system) viscosity is dissolved before that because of the dissolved polymer. And the dissolved polymer and precipitated particles coexist. Thereafter, the ratio of the precipitated polymer increases, the viscosity of the polymer gradually decreases, and changes into a dispersed state. In this coexisting state, the role of the dispersant is to improve the slip between the precipitated particles and the gel-like dissolved polymer and smoothly shift the phase change from the thickened state before the phase change to the dispersed state. One is considered. It is presumed that the cationic group ionizes the particle surface and prevents aggregation of the particles, and the polyoxyalkylene chain contributes to the improvement of slippage between the precipitated particles and the gel-like dissolved polymer. Therefore, an appropriate balance of these active groups is required depending on the polymerization composition.
[0019]
Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (2) among the cationic monomers used for polymerizing the water-soluble polymer include (meth) as an example of a tertiary amino group-containing monomer. Examples include dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide. Examples of the quaternary ammonium group-containing monomer include (meth) acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloyl, which is a quaternized product of the tertiary amino-containing monomer with methyl chloride or benzyl chloride. Oxy-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloyloxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, (meth) acryloyloxy 2-hydroxypropyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, (meta ) Acrylylaminopropyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and the like. Examples of the cationic monomer represented by the general formula (3) include diallylmethylamine, diallylbenzylamine, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, diallylmethylbenzylammonium chloride, and the like.
[0020]
Nonionic monomers other than acrylamide may be copolymerized, and examples thereof include N, N-dimethylacrylamide, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, di Acetone acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, acryloylmorpholine and the like can be mentioned.
[0021]
The molar ratio of the cationic monomer in the case of producing a dispersion of the cationic water-soluble polymer is 1 to 100 mol%, preferably 5 to 100 mol%, more preferably 10 to 100 mol%. It is. When the amphoteric water-soluble polymer dispersion is produced, the amount of the cationic monomer is 10 to 95 mol%, preferably 20 to 95 mol%. Moreover, 5-50 mol% is preferable and, as for an anionic monomer, More preferably, it is 5-40 mol%. Acrylamide is 0 to 85 mol%, preferably 0 to 75 mol%.
[0022]
Also, polyfunctional monomers such as N, N-methylenebisacrylamide and ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, or N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide and N, N-diethyl (meth) acrylamide It is also possible to synthesize and modify a crosslinked or branched polymer by copolymerizing a thermally crosslinkable monomer.
[0023]
The polymerization conditions are usually appropriately determined according to the monomer used and the copolymerization mol%, and the temperature is in the range of 0 to 100 ° C. For the initiation of polymerization, a radical polymerization initiator is used. These initiators may be either oil-soluble or water-soluble, and can be polymerized by any of azo, peroxide, and redox systems. Examples of oil-soluble azo initiators are 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionate), 4,4-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4dimethyl) valeronitrile and the like are mentioned and dissolved in a water-miscible solvent and added.
[0024]
Examples of water-soluble azo initiators include 2,2′-azobis (amidinopropane) dichloride, 2,2′-azobis [2- (5-methyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] And dihydrochloride, 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid), and the like. Examples of redox systems include a combination of ammonium peroxodisulfate and sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, trimethylamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, and the like. Examples of peroxides include ammonium or potassium peroxodisulfate, hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, octanoyl peroxide, succinic peroxide, t-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexanoate, etc. I can give you. Most preferred among these initiators are 2,2′-azobis (amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis [2- (5-methyl-2-imidazoline), which is a water-soluble azo initiator. -2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride.
[0025]
The salts to be used are salts of alkali metal ions such as sodium and potassium or ammonium ions and halide ions, sulfate ions, nitrate ions, phosphate ions, etc., but salts with polyvalent anions are more preferred. . The salt concentration of these salts can be used from 7% by weight to a saturated concentration.
[0026]
The water-soluble polymer dispersion selected from the cationic, nonionic and amphoteric of the present invention is used for dewatering pulp sludge in the paper industry, other wastewater treatment in the food industry, metal and petroleum refining, and gravel cleaning related to building materials. It can be applied to wastewater treatment and mixed sludge including organic sludge and agglomerated sludge generated in general industrial wastewater treatment. As a particularly effective object, it exhibits excellent effects on sewage, human waste digested sludge, or surplus sludge from food industry wastewater. These sludges are prepared by dissolving the amphoteric water-soluble polymer dispersion of the present invention in water to form an aqueous solution, adding and aggregating, and then using a dehydrator such as a belt press, filter press, decanter or screw press. Dehydrate. The amount added varies depending on the type of waste water, the concentration of the suspension, etc., but is about 0.1 to 1000 ppm with respect to the liquid amount. Moreover, with respect to sludge, it is 0.1 to 3 weight% with respect to sludge.
[0027]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in more detail with an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not restrict | limited to a following example, unless the summary is exceeded.
[0028]
(Synthesis of Graft Copolymer) 180.4 g of deionized water, 99.5 g of acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and methacrylic acid were added to a four-necked 500 ml separable flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer and nitrogen inlet tube. 10.5 g of polyoxyethylene glycol (PEO chain molecular weight of about 400) was added to obtain a homogeneous solution. While adjusting the liquid temperature to 35 ± 3 ° C., 1.0 g of 10% aqueous solution of 2,2-azobis [2- (5-methyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (per unit amount) 1%) was added to initiate polymerization, and this temperature was maintained for 15 hours. The molar ratio of the graft copolymer cationic monomer to polyethylene glycol ester is 95: 5. Thereafter, the cation equivalent and the weight average molecular weight were measured. This dispersant was added to polymer NO. A. In the same manner, graft copolymer NO. B ~ I Was synthesized.
[0029]
[Example 1]
In a five-necked separable flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet tube, the polymer NO. A (30% aqueous solution), 20.8 g (5% monomer), ion-exchanged water 175.6 g, ammonium sulfate 115.0 g, acrylamide 50% aqueous solution 67.4 g, and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 80% aqueous solution 115.0 g was charged and completely dissolved. After maintaining the internal temperature at 33 to 35 ° C. and replacing with nitrogen for 30 minutes, 1% of 2,2′-azobis [2- (5-methyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride as an initiator 1.9 g of an aqueous solution (0.015% monomer) was added to initiate polymerization. After 2.5 hours from the start, a slight increase in viscosity of the reaction product was observed, but the state continued for 25 minutes. Six hours after the start, 0.5 g of the initiator solution was added, and polymerization was further performed for 6 hours. The dispersion monomer obtained had a squeeze monomer concentration of 25.0%, a polymer particle size of 10 μm or less, and a dispersion viscosity of 150 mPa · s. Moreover, the weight average molecular weight was measured with the molecular weight measuring device (DLS-7000 by Otsuka Electronics) by a static light scattering method. This sample is designated as prototype-1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0030]
[Example 2]
By the same operation as in Example 1, the polymer NO. C was used to synthesize an acrylamide / acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride / acryloyloxyethylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride = 60/20/20 copolymer dispersion, trial production-2. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0031]
[Example 3]
By the same operation as in Example 1, the polymer NO. E was used to synthesize an acrylamide / acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride = 80/20 copolymer dispersion, trial manufacture-3. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0032]
[Example 4]
By the same operation as in Example 1, the polymer NO. Using B, a copolymer dispersion of acrylamide / acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride / methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride = 30/40/30, trial production-4 was synthesized. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0033]
[Example 5]
Into a five-necked separable flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet tube, 59.0 g of 50% aqueous acrylamide solution and 25.0 g of 60% aqueous acrylic acid solution were poured, and 35% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution An amount equivalent to acrylic acid was neutralized with 23.8 g. To this, polymer NO. B (30% aqueous solution) 15.6 g (vs. 5.0%), ion-exchanged water 175 g, ammonium sulfate 115.0 g, and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 80% aqueous solution 100.6 g were completely charged. Dissolved. After maintaining the internal temperature at 33 to 35 ° C. and replacing with nitrogen for 30 minutes, 1% of 2,2′-azobis [2- (5-methyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride as an initiator Polymerization was started by adding 1.9 g of an aqueous solution (based on a single amount of 0.015%). Two hours after the start, the reaction product showed a slight increase in viscosity, but the state continued for 20 minutes, and immediately settled and transferred to the dispersion. Six hours after the start, 1.2 g of the initiator solution was added, and polymerization was further performed for 8 hours. The concentration of the obtained dispersion per unit weight of the dispersion was 23%, the polymer particle size was in the range of 2 to 20 μm, and the viscosity of the dispersion was 130 mPa · s. Similarly, the weight average molecular weight was measured. This sample is referred to as trial production-5. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0034]
Examples 6 to 12
Prototype-6 to Prototype-12 were synthesized by the same operation as in Examples 1-5. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0035]
[Comparative Example 1]
A five-necked separable flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet tube, and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride homopolymer (polymer-1, 20% aqueous solution, weight average molecular weight 800,000) 34.4 g (5.5% monomer), ion-exchanged water 227.1 g, ammonium sulfate 115.0 g, acrylamide 50% aqueous solution 67.4 g and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 80% aqueous solution 115.0 g. Charged and completely dissolved. After maintaining the internal temperature at 33 to 35 ° C. and replacing with nitrogen for 30 minutes, 1% of 2,2′-azobis [2- (5-methyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride as an initiator 1.9 g of an aqueous solution (0.015% monomer) was added to initiate polymerization. Two hours after the start of the reaction, the reaction product showed a large increase in viscosity, and the state continued for about 40 minutes. 8 hours after the start, 0.5 g of the initiator solution was added, and polymerization was further performed for 6 hours. The dispersion monomer obtained had a squeeze monomer concentration of 22.0%, a polymer particle size of 10 μm or less, and a dispersion viscosity of 380 mPa · s. Similarly, the weight average molecular weight was measured. This sample is referred to as Comparative-1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0036]
[Comparative Example 2]
By the same operation as in Comparative Example 5, acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride / acryloyloxyethylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride = 50/50 copolymer as a dispersant (polymer-2, 20% aqueous solution, weight average molecular weight 500,000) Was used to synthesize an acrylamide / acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride = 50/50 copolymer dispersion, Comparative-2. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0037]
[Comparative Example 3]
Into a five-necked separable flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser, and nitrogen inlet tube, 59.0 g of 50% aqueous acrylamide solution and 25.0 g of 60% aqueous acrylic acid solution were poured, and 35% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution An amount equivalent to acrylic acid was neutralized with 23.8 g. This has a polyoxyethylene end The Hydroxy Base Compound (6.9 g) (6.0% monomer), ion-exchanged water (160 g), ammonium sulfate (115.0 g), and acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (80% aqueous solution, 100.6 g) were charged and completely dissolved. After maintaining the internal temperature at 33 to 35 ° C. and replacing with nitrogen for 30 minutes, 1% of 2,2′-azobis [2- (5-methyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride as an initiator Polymerization was started by adding 1.9 g of an aqueous solution (based on a single amount of 0.015%). After 1 hour and 35 minutes from the start, the reaction showed a large increase in viscosity and continued for about 30 minutes, but gradually settled and transferred to the dispersion. After 8 hours from the start, 1.2 g of the initiator solution was added and polymerization was further performed for 8 hours. The concentration of the obtained dispersion per unit weight of the dispersion was 23%, the polymer particle size was in the range of 2 to 20 μm, and the viscosity of the dispersion was 410 mPa · s. Similarly, the weight average molecular weight was measured. This sample is referred to as Comparative-3. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0038]
[Comparative Example 4]
In the same manner as in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride / methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride = 70/30 copolymer (polymer-3, 20% aqueous solution, weight average molecular weight 1,200,000 as a dispersant) ), Acrylamide / acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride / acrylic acid = 40/40/20 copolymer dispersion, Comparative-4. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0039]
[Comparative Examples 5-6]
By the same operation as in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the polymer NO. Comparative-5 and Comparative-6 were synthesized using H and I. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0040]
[Table 1]
Ion equivalent: meq / g, molecular weight: 10,000 (1) acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (2) methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (3) acryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride
[0041]
[Table 2]
DMQ: acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, DMC: methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, DMPQ: acryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, ABC: acryloyloxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, AAC: acrylic acid, AAM: acrylamide, The monomer ratio is mol%,
[0042]
[Table 3]
Addition amount is monomer to monomer (% by weight), dispersion viscosity: mPa · s, molecular weight: 10,000 units
Claims (8)
R1は水素又はメチル基、R2は水素またはメチル基、R3は水素又は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、nは1〜50の整数。
R4は水素又はメチル基、R5、R6は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基あるいはアルコキシル基、R7は水素、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシル基あるいはベンジル基であり、同種でも異種でも良い、Aは酸素またはNH、Bは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基またはアルコキシレン基を表わす、X1は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
R8は水素又はメチル基、R9、R10は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシ基あるいはベンジル基、X2は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす5 to 50 mol% of a monomer soluble in an aqueous salt solution and represented by the following general formula (1), 50 to 95 mol% of a monomer represented by the following general formula (2) and / or (3) One or more water-soluble polymers selected from cationic, nonionic and amphoteric particles having a particle size of 100 μm or less, and a dispersant comprising a copolymer of 0 to 30 mol% of other nonionic monomers that can be polymerized A water-soluble polymer dispersion characterized in that fine particles coexist in an aqueous salt solution.
R 1 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R 2 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R 3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 50.
R 4 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R 5 and R 6 are alkyl groups or alkoxyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 7 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group, or a benzyl group. They may be different from each other, A represents oxygen or NH, B represents an alkylene group or alkoxylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and X 1 represents an anion.
R 8 represents hydrogen or a methyl group, R 9 and R 10 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a benzyl group, and X 2 represents an anion.
R4は水素又はメチル基、R5、R6は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基あるいはアルコキシル基、R7は水素、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシル基あるいはベンジル基であり、同種でも異種でも良い、Aは酸素またはNH、Bは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基またはアルコキシレン基を表わす、X1は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
R8は水素又はメチル基、R9、R10は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシ基あるいはベンジル基、X2は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
R11は水素、メチル基またはカルボキシメチル基、AはSO3、C6H4SO3、CONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3、C6H4COOあるいはCOO、R12は水素またはCOOY2、Y1あるいはY2は水素または陽イオン。One or more water-soluble polymer fine particles selected from the cationic, nonionic and amphoteric coexist with at least one kind of the dispersant, and are represented by the following general formulas (2) and / or (3). It consists of 0 to 100 mol% of a monomer, 0 to 50 mol% of a monomer represented by (4), 0 to 100 mol% of acrylamide and 0 to 30 mol% of another nonionic monomer copolymerizable. 2. The water-soluble polymer dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the monomer (mixture) is produced by dispersion polymerization under stirring in an aqueous salt solution.
R 4 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R 5 and R 6 are alkyl groups or alkoxyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 7 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group, or a benzyl group. They may be different from each other, A represents oxygen or NH, B represents an alkylene group or alkoxylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and X 1 represents an anion.
R 8 represents hydrogen or a methyl group, R 9 and R 10 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a benzyl group, and X 2 represents an anion.
R 11 is hydrogen, methyl group or carboxymethyl group, A is SO 3 , C 6 H 4 SO 3 , CONHC (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 SO 3 , C 6 H 4 COO or COO, R 12 is hydrogen or COOY 2 , Y 1 or Y 2 is hydrogen or a cation.
R1は水素又はメチル基、R2は水素またはメチル基、R3は水素又は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、nは1〜50の整数。
R4は水素又はメチル基、R5、R6は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基あるいはアルコキシル基、R7は水素、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシル基あるいはベンジル基であり、同種でも異種でも良い、Aは酸素またはNH、Bは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基またはアルコキシレン基を表わす、X1は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
R8は水素又はメチル基、R9、R10は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、アルコキシ基あるいはベンジル基、X2は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす
R11は水素、メチル基またはカルボキシメチル基、AはSO3、C6H4SO3、CONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3、C6H4COOあるいはCOO、Y1水素または陽イオン、R12は水素またはCOOY2、Y1あるいはY2は水素または陽イオン。5 to 50 mol% of a monomer that is soluble in an aqueous salt solution as a dispersant and represented by the following general formula (1), and 50 to 95 mol of a monomer represented by the following general formula (2) and / or (3) % And other copolymerizable nonionic monomers of 0 to 30 mol%, and 0 to 100 mol of monomers represented by the following general formula (2) and / or (3) %, A monomer (mixture) consisting of 0 to 50 mol% of the monomer represented by (4), 0 to 100 mol% of acrylamide and 0 to 30 mol% of another nonionic monomer which can be copolymerized A method for producing a water-soluble polymer dispersion comprising fine particles having a particle size of 100 μm or less, wherein dispersion polymerization is carried out with stirring in an aqueous salt solution.
R 1 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R 2 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R 3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 50.
R 4 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R 5 and R 6 are alkyl groups or alkoxyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 7 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group, or a benzyl group. They may be different from each other, A represents oxygen or NH, B represents an alkylene group or alkoxylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and X 1 represents an anion.
R 8 represents hydrogen or a methyl group, R 9 and R 10 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a benzyl group, and X 2 represents an anion.
R 11 is hydrogen, methyl group or carboxymethyl group, A is SO 3 , C 6 H 4 SO 3 , CONHC (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 SO 3 , C 6 H 4 COO or COO, Y 1 hydrogen or cation, R 12 is hydrogen or COOY 2 , Y 1 or Y 2 is hydrogen or a cation.
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