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JP5099876B2 - Series hybrid electric vehicle - Google Patents

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JP5099876B2
JP5099876B2 JP2006240896A JP2006240896A JP5099876B2 JP 5099876 B2 JP5099876 B2 JP 5099876B2 JP 2006240896 A JP2006240896 A JP 2006240896A JP 2006240896 A JP2006240896 A JP 2006240896A JP 5099876 B2 JP5099876 B2 JP 5099876B2
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capacitor
engine
voltage
generator
converter
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JP2008062722A (en
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知明 桐谷
洋一 大森
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Toyo Electric Manufacturing Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Description

本発明は、直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車の制御装置に関するものであり、特に直流電源電圧の安定化とエンジン負荷の急変を抑制したものである。   The present invention relates to a control device for a series hybrid electric vehicle, and in particular, stabilizes a DC power supply voltage and suppresses a sudden change in engine load.

従来の直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車の全体ブロック図を図２に示し、この図に従って説明する。
エンジン１はスロットル４から供給される燃料Ｆで制御され、スロットル４はエンジン１が最大効率で運転できる回転数になるようにエンジン１の回転数Ｎ’をフィードバックして燃料Ｆを調整してエンジン１へ出力する。発電機２はエンジン１によって駆動され、コンバータ３は発電機２のトルクを制御することで発電された電力を調整して、その出力に接続されたコンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃが所定値になるようにする。コンデンサ５に並列にインバータ６とバッテリ９が接続され、インバータ６はモータ７に電力を供給し、モータ７は車輪８を駆動する。バッテリ９は、コンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃに応じて充放電される。モータ７は運転者の操作に応じたトルクで駆動される。 An overall block diagram of a conventional series hybrid electric vehicle is shown in FIG.
The engine 1 is controlled by the fuel F supplied from the throttle 4, and the throttle 4 feeds back the rotational speed N ′ of the engine 1 to adjust the fuel F so that the rotational speed at which the engine 1 can be operated at the maximum efficiency is adjusted. Output to 1. The generator 2 is driven by the engine 1, and the converter 3 adjusts the generated power by controlling the torque of the generator 2, so that the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5 connected to the output becomes a predetermined value. To do. An inverter 6 and a battery 9 are connected in parallel with the capacitor 5, and the inverter 6 supplies electric power to the motor 7, and the motor 7 drives the wheels 8. The battery 9 is charged and discharged according to the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5. The motor 7 is driven with a torque according to the operation of the driver.

例えば、運転者が走行中に急加速を要求すると、モータ７が急に電力を必要とする。すると、コンバータ３の制御遅れのために電圧Ｖｄｃが下がるが、そうするとバッテリ９より放電電流が流れてＶｄｃの低下を小さく抑えることができる。また定常状態でもＶｄｃの指令を下げることでモータ７が必要とする電力をバッテリ９に分担させることができる。逆にバッテリ９の充電率が低くなった場合は、Ｖｄｃの指令を上げることで発電機２からの電力をモータ７に供給するとともにバッテリ９を充電することも可能である。
特開平１０−０８５６３６号公報 For example, when the driver requests rapid acceleration while traveling, the motor 7 suddenly needs electric power. Then, the voltage Vdc decreases due to the control delay of the converter 3, but then the discharge current flows from the battery 9 and the decrease in Vdc can be suppressed small. Even in a steady state, the battery 9 can share the power required by the motor 7 by lowering the Vdc command. Conversely, when the charging rate of the battery 9 becomes low, it is possible to charge the battery 9 while supplying the electric power from the generator 2 to the motor 7 by raising the Vdc command.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-085636

前述したようにモータ７が急に電力を必要とした場合、コンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃが低下しそうになるので、コンバータ３が同じ電力を発電機２より吸収してＶｄｃを一定に保とうと動作する。すると、当然のことながらエンジン１の負荷が急に重くなるので、エンジン１の回転数が低下する。するとスロットル４によって回転数低下を抑制するように燃料が注入される。しかしながら、エンジンの種類または特性によっては、燃料注入からエンジン回転数までの応答が非常に遅いものがあり、それに要する時間が数秒のものがある。そうすると、エンジン１が停止してしまい、要求の電力を供給できなくなるので全ての電力をバッテリ９から供給することとなり、バッテリ９の放電電流が許容値を超えてしまう恐れがある。
コンバータ３のＶｄｃ電圧制御応答を遅くすると負荷急変時にエンジン１が停止する恐れは軽減されるが、やはりＶｄｃは低下するのでバッテリ９の放電電流が許容値を超えてしまう恐れがある。
バッテリ９が接続されていないシステムにおいて、モータ７が急に電力を必要とすると、エンジン１の応答が遅いことにより、急激な発電の電力増加が得られないので、Ｖｄｃの急低下となり、モータ７の駆動もできなくなってしまう。 As described above, when the motor 7 suddenly needs electric power, the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5 is likely to decrease. Therefore, the converter 3 operates to absorb the same electric power from the generator 2 and keep Vdc constant. Then, as a matter of course, since the load of the engine 1 suddenly increases, the rotational speed of the engine 1 decreases. Then, fuel is injected by the throttle 4 so as to suppress a decrease in the rotational speed. However, depending on the type or characteristics of the engine, the response from the fuel injection to the engine speed is very slow, and the time required for this is several seconds. If it does so, the engine 1 will stop and it will no longer be possible to supply the required power, so all the power will be supplied from the battery 9, and the discharge current of the battery 9 may exceed the allowable value.
If the Vdc voltage control response of the converter 3 is delayed, the possibility that the engine 1 stops when the load suddenly changes is reduced. However, since the Vdc also decreases, the discharge current of the battery 9 may exceed the allowable value.
In a system to which the battery 9 is not connected, if the motor 7 suddenly needs power, the response of the engine 1 is slow, so that a sudden increase in power for power generation cannot be obtained. It becomes impossible to drive.

逆に急ブレーキ操作をされると、モータ７より回生電力が急に増えるが、エンジン１からの発電量を急に下げることができないので、エンジン１からの発電とモータ７からの回生電力との総和をバッテリ９に充電することとなり、バッテリ９の充電電流が許容値を超えてしまう恐れがある。バッテリ９が無いシステムにおいてはＶｄｃが急峻に上昇し、過電圧によりコンバータ３やモータ７駆動のインバータ６が保護停止してしまう。   On the other hand, when a sudden braking operation is performed, the regenerative electric power suddenly increases from the motor 7, but the amount of power generated from the engine 1 cannot be reduced suddenly, so the power generation from the engine 1 and the regenerative electric power from the motor 7 The sum is charged in the battery 9, and the charging current of the battery 9 may exceed an allowable value. In a system without the battery 9, Vdc rises steeply, and overvoltage causes the converter 3 and the inverter 6 driven by the motor 7 to stop protection.

前述の問題点を解決するために本発明では、エンジンと、該エンジンに供給する燃料の量を調整するスロットルと、前記エンジンで駆動される発電機と、該発電機の出力を直流に変換して出力するコンバータと、該コンバータの出力に並列接続されているコンデンサと、該コンデンサを電源として車輪を駆動するモータに電力を供給するインバータと、前記コンデンサに並列接続されたバッテリと、前記コンデンサを電源として前記バッテリの充放電電流を制限するように直流電流を出力するチョッパと、該チョッパ出力の直流電流で充放電されるキャパシタとからなる直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車において、
前記コンバータは前記エンジンが最大効率で運転できる回転速度となるように前記発電機のトルクを調整し、前記スロットルは前記コンデンサの電圧が所定値になるように前記エンジンに供給する燃料の量を調整し、前記チョッパは、前記バッテリの充放電電流を制限するだけでなく前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内になるように前記キャパシタの充放電電流を制御し、前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内かつ前記バッテリの充放電電流が所定値範囲内の場合は前記キャパシタの電圧が徐々に所定値になるように前記キャパシタの充放電電流を制御することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention converts an engine, a throttle for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the engine, a generator driven by the engine, and an output of the generator into direct current. A converter connected in parallel to the output of the converter, an inverter that supplies electric power to a motor that drives a wheel using the capacitor as a power source, a battery connected in parallel to the capacitor, and the capacitor In a series hybrid electric vehicle consisting of a chopper that outputs a direct current so as to limit the charge / discharge current of the battery as a power source, and a capacitor that is charged / discharged by the direct current of the chopper output ,
The converter adjusts the torque of the generator so that the rotational speed at which the engine can operate at maximum efficiency is adjusted, and the throttle adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the engine so that the voltage of the capacitor becomes a predetermined value. The chopper not only limits the charging / discharging current of the battery but also controls the charging / discharging current of the capacitor so that the voltage of the capacitor is within a predetermined range, and the voltage of the capacitor is within the predetermined range and the When the charge / discharge current of the battery is within a predetermined value range, the charge / discharge current of the capacitor is controlled so that the voltage of the capacitor gradually becomes a predetermined value.

そして、バッテリを装備しないシステムにおいては、エンジンと、該エンジンに供給する燃料の量を調整するスロットルと、前記エンジンで駆動される発電機と、該発電機の出力を直流に変換して出力するコンバータと、該コンバータの出力に並列接続されているコンデンサと、該コンデンサを電源として車輪を駆動するモータに電力を供給するインバータと、前記コンデンサを電源として直流電流を出力するチョッパと、該チョッパ出力の直流電流で充放電されるキャパシタとからなる直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車において、
前記コンバータは前記エンジンが最大効率で運転できる回転速度となるように前記発電機のトルクを調整し、前記スロットルは前記コンデンサの電圧が所定値になるように前記エンジンに供給する燃料の量を調整し、前記チョッパは、前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内になるように前記キャパシタの充放電電流を制御し、前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内の場合は前記キャパシタの電圧が徐々に所定値になるように前記キャパシタの充放電電流を制御することを特徴とする。 In a system not equipped with a battery, an engine, a throttle for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the engine, a generator driven by the engine, and an output of the generator are converted into direct current and output. A converter, a capacitor connected in parallel to the output of the converter, an inverter that supplies electric power to a motor that drives a wheel using the capacitor as a power source, a chopper that outputs a direct current using the capacitor as a power source, and the chopper output In a series hybrid electric vehicle consisting of a capacitor charged and discharged with a direct current of
The converter adjusts the torque of the generator so that the rotational speed at which the engine can operate at maximum efficiency is adjusted, and the throttle adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the engine so that the voltage of the capacitor becomes a predetermined value. The chopper controls the charge / discharge current of the capacitor so that the voltage of the capacitor is within a predetermined range, and when the voltage of the capacitor is within the predetermined range, the voltage of the capacitor gradually becomes a predetermined value. Thus, the charge / discharge current of the capacitor is controlled.

さらに、前記コンバータは、前記エンジンが最大効率で運転できる回転速度となるように前記発電機のトルクを調整する際に、前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内におさまるように前記発電機のトルクを制限する制限値を調整することを特徴とする。 Furthermore, the converter limits the torque of the generator so that the voltage of the capacitor falls within a predetermined range when adjusting the torque of the generator so that the rotation speed at which the engine can operate at maximum efficiency is achieved. The limiting value to be adjusted is adjusted.

従来技術のコンバータ３は、コンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃの制御を行っていたが、それを本発明では発電機２の回転数を制御することで、負荷急変時に発電機２に直結されているエンジン１が停止する恐れがなくなる。本発明では、コンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃの制御をスロットル４によって行い、エンジン１の応答が遅いので、負荷急変時にＶｄｃは大きな電圧変動となる恐れがあるが、チョッパを介してキャパシタの充放電電流を制御することで、Ｖｄｃの大きな変動を抑制することができる。またバッテリ９の充放電電流も許容値以内に抑制することが可能となる。   The converter 3 of the prior art controls the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5, but in the present invention, by controlling the rotational speed of the generator 2, the engine 1 directly connected to the generator 2 at the time of sudden load change. No fear of stopping. In the present invention, since the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5 is controlled by the throttle 4 and the response of the engine 1 is slow, there is a possibility that the Vdc may have a large voltage fluctuation at the time of sudden load change. By controlling, large fluctuations in Vdc can be suppressed. In addition, the charge / discharge current of the battery 9 can be suppressed within an allowable value.

また、バッテリ９がなくても、チョッパを介してキャパシタの充放電電流を制御することでＶｄｃの大きな変動を抑制することができるだけでなく、回生電力を貯蔵することも可能となる。   Even if the battery 9 is not provided, it is possible not only to suppress large fluctuations in Vdc by controlling the charge / discharge current of the capacitor via the chopper, but also to store regenerative power.

キャパシタによる電力授受は、キャパシタ電圧が所定範囲内であれば有効に行えるが、キャパシタ電圧が非常に低い場合はキャパシタから電力供給ができなくなり、キャパシタ電圧が許容値を以上ではキャパシタが電力を吸収することができなくなるため、キャパシタによるＶｄｃ変動抑制ができなくなる。そのような場合でも、Ｖｄｃの低電圧や過電圧でコンバータ３やインバータ６が保護動作することが無いように、コンバータ３のトルク制限値を調整することで、Ｖｄｃが許容電圧範囲外とならないようにできる。   Power transfer by a capacitor can be performed effectively if the capacitor voltage is within a predetermined range, but if the capacitor voltage is very low, power cannot be supplied from the capacitor, and if the capacitor voltage exceeds the allowable value, the capacitor absorbs power. Therefore, it becomes impossible to suppress the Vdc fluctuation by the capacitor. Even in such a case, by adjusting the torque limit value of the converter 3 so that the converter 3 and the inverter 6 are not protected by a low voltage or overvoltage of Vdc, the Vdc does not fall outside the allowable voltage range. it can.

発電機を制御するコンバータを回転数制御とすることで、過渡時のエンジン停止およびエンジン急加速を避けることができ、スロットルを直流電圧制御とすることで、定常状態では直流電圧を調整可能とし、チョッパによりキャパシタ電流を制御することで直流電圧の過渡的な大きな変動を抑制することができた。   By setting the converter that controls the generator to rotation speed control, it is possible to avoid engine stop and engine sudden acceleration during transition, and by making the throttle DC voltage control, the DC voltage can be adjusted in steady state, By controlling the capacitor current with a chopper, it was possible to suppress large transient fluctuations in the DC voltage.

図１は、本発明装置の１実施例である。エンジン１はスロットル４から供給される燃料Ｆで制御され、スロットル４はコンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃが所定値になるように燃料Ｆを調整してエンジン１へ出力する。発電機２はエンジン１によって駆動され、コンバータ３は発電機２のトルクを制御することでフィードバックした発電機２の回転数をエンジン１が最大効率で運転できる回転数となるようにする。その制御ブロック例を図３に示す。エンジン１が最大効率運転となる回転数指令Ｎｃと発電機２の回転数フィードバックとの差を加減算器３１で求め、回転数制御器３２で誤差増幅して、トルク制限器３３で制限されて発電機トルク制御器３４によって発電機２のトルクが制御される。これによって、エンジン１が最大効率で運転できる回転数で運転できるようになる。なおトルク制限器３３で用いるトルク制限値は、トルク制限演算器３５で求められる。トルク制限演算器３５は、コンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃを入力し、Ｖｄｃが高い場合は発電機２を加速させる方向のトルク制限値Ｔｐは大きな値としているが、Ｖｄｃが低くなるとＴｐを徐々に小さくし、発電機２を減速させるトルクしか発生できないようにしている。Ｔｐをこのようにすることで、発電機２を減速させるトルクは発電電できるトルクなので、Ｖｄｃが低くなりすぎないようにできる。逆に発電機２を減速させる方向のトルク制限値ＴｎをＶｄｃが高くなるにつれて上げることで、Ｖｄｃが高くなりすぎないようにできる。つまりコンバータ３は、Ｖｄｃが所定範囲内であれば発電機２の回転数をエンジン1が最大効率で運転できる回転数に制御するが、Ｖｄｃが所定範囲外となればＶｄｃが所定範囲内となるように制御することができる。   FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. The engine 1 is controlled by the fuel F supplied from the throttle 4, and the throttle 4 adjusts the fuel F so that the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5 becomes a predetermined value and outputs it to the engine 1. The generator 2 is driven by the engine 1, and the converter 3 controls the torque of the generator 2 so that the rotation speed of the generator 2 fed back becomes a rotation speed at which the engine 1 can be operated with maximum efficiency. An example of the control block is shown in FIG. The difference between the rotational speed command Nc at which the engine 1 is operated at maximum efficiency and the rotational speed feedback of the generator 2 is obtained by the adder / subtractor 31, the error is amplified by the rotational speed controller 32, and is limited by the torque limiter 33 to generate power. The machine torque controller 34 controls the torque of the generator 2. As a result, the engine 1 can be operated at a rotational speed at which the engine 1 can be operated at maximum efficiency. The torque limit value used by the torque limiter 33 is obtained by the torque limit calculator 35. The torque limit calculator 35 receives the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5, and when the Vdc is high, the torque limit value Tp in the direction of accelerating the generator 2 is set to a large value, but when Vdc is low, the Tp is gradually decreased. Only the torque for decelerating the generator 2 can be generated. By setting Tp in this way, the torque for decelerating the generator 2 is a torque that can generate power, so that Vdc can be prevented from becoming too low. Conversely, by increasing the torque limit value Tn in the direction of decelerating the generator 2 as Vdc increases, Vdc can be prevented from becoming too high. That is, the converter 3 controls the rotational speed of the generator 2 to a rotational speed at which the engine 1 can operate at maximum efficiency if Vdc is within a predetermined range, but Vdc is within the predetermined range if Vdc is out of the predetermined range. Can be controlled.

コンデンサ５に並列にインバータ６とバッテリ９が接続され、インバータ６はモータ７に電力を供給し、モータ７は車輪８を駆動する。バッテリ９は、コンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃに応じて充放電される。 An inverter 6 and a battery 9 are connected in parallel with the capacitor 5, and the inverter 6 supplies electric power to the motor 7, and the motor 7 drives the wheels 8. The battery 9 is charged and discharged according to the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5.

またコンデンサ５にはチョッパ１０が接続され、チョッパ１０はキャパシタ１１の充放電電流Ｉｃを制御することができる。従って、チョッパ１０によってコンデンサ５側とキャパシタ１１との電力交換が可能となる。チョッパ１０の制御例を表したブロック図を図４に示す。キャパシタ１１の電圧Ｖｃとその電圧指令Ｖｃｃとの差を加減算器２０で求め、電圧制御器２１で増幅して、制限器２２と加算器２３と制限器２７を経過してキャパシタ１１の放電電流Ｉｃの指令Ｉｃｃとなる。チョッパ１０が指令Ｉｃｃ通りにキャパシタ１１の放電電流を制御することでキャパシタ１１の電圧Ｖｃを前記指令Ｖｃｃに近づけることができる。
電圧変動抑制指令発生器２６は、コンデンサ５の電圧Ｖｄｃを入力して、Ｖｄｃが所定値よりも低いと正の大きな電流指令を出力し、Ｖｄｃが所定値よりも高いと負の大きな電流指令を出力する。バッテリ電流抑制指令発生器２５は、バッテリ９の放電電流Ｉｂを入力してＩｂが負の所定値よりも低い場合（大きな電流でバッテリ９を充電している場合）は負の大きな電流指令を出力し、Ｉｂが正の所定値よりも大きい場合は正の大きな電流指令を出力する。電圧変動抑制指令発生器２６の出力Ｉｖｄｃとバッテリ電流抑制指令発生器２５の出力Ｉｂｃは加算器２４と加算器２３で制限器２２の出力と加算され、キャパシタ１１の放電電流指令Ｉｃｃとなる。ＩｖｄｃやＩｂｃの絶対値が制限器２２の制限値よりも十分に大きな値となり得るようにしておけば、Ｖｄｃが所定範囲外となった場合はＩｖｄｃが大きくなり、Ｖｄｃが所定範囲内に戻るような電流指令値Ｉｃｃが出力されるようになり、Ｉｂが所定範囲外となればＩｂｃが大きくなり、Ｉｂが所定範囲内に戻るような電流指令値Ｉｃｃが出力されるようになる。以上の構成で、チョッパ１０は、通常はキャパシタ１１の電圧が指令値となるように動作するが、ＶｄｃやＩｂが所定範囲外となればそれらが所定範囲内と戻すことを優先して動作する。なお制限器２７は、キャパシタ１１の電圧が所定範囲内になるようにキャパシタ放電電流指令を制限するものである。 A chopper 10 is connected to the capacitor 5, and the chopper 10 can control the charge / discharge current Ic of the capacitor 11. Therefore, the chopper 10 can exchange power between the capacitor 5 side and the capacitor 11. A block diagram showing a control example of the chopper 10 is shown in FIG. The difference between the voltage Vc of the capacitor 11 and the voltage command Vcc is obtained by the adder / subtractor 20, amplified by the voltage controller 21, passed through the limiter 22, the adder 23, and the limiter 27, and discharged from the capacitor 11. Command Icc. The chopper 10 controls the discharge current of the capacitor 11 according to the command Icc, whereby the voltage Vc of the capacitor 11 can be brought close to the command Vcc.
The voltage fluctuation suppression command generator 26 inputs the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 5 and outputs a large positive current command when Vdc is lower than a predetermined value, and outputs a large negative current command when Vdc is higher than a predetermined value. Output. The battery current suppression command generator 25 inputs the discharge current Ib of the battery 9 and outputs a large negative current command when Ib is lower than a predetermined negative value (when the battery 9 is charged with a large current). When Ib is larger than a predetermined positive value, a large positive current command is output. The output Ivdc of the voltage fluctuation suppression command generator 26 and the output Ibc of the battery current suppression command generator 25 are added to the output of the limiter 22 by the adder 24 and the adder 23 to become the discharge current command Icc of the capacitor 11. If the absolute values of Ivdc and Ibc can be sufficiently larger than the limit value of the limiter 22, Ivdc increases and Vdc returns to the predetermined range when Vdc is out of the predetermined range. Current command value Icc is output, and if Ib is outside the predetermined range, Ibc increases, and current command value Icc is output so that Ib returns to within the predetermined range. With the above configuration, the chopper 10 normally operates so that the voltage of the capacitor 11 becomes the command value. However, if Vdc and Ib are out of the predetermined range, the chopper 10 operates by giving priority to returning them to the predetermined range. . The limiter 27 limits the capacitor discharge current command so that the voltage of the capacitor 11 falls within a predetermined range.

直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車において、本発明により、急加速や急ブレーキ操作時に、出力制御応答の遅いエンジンを停止させたり高速回転させることなく高効率となる回転数で運転することが可能となり、車輪駆動用モータの直流電源電圧変動やバッテリの充放電電流を許容値内に抑制することができるので、ハイブリッド電気自動車の燃費を向上できる。   In a series hybrid electric vehicle, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to drive at a high speed without stopping or rotating at a high speed without stopping an engine with a slow output control response during sudden acceleration or sudden braking operation. Since the DC power supply voltage fluctuation of the motor and the charging / discharging current of the battery can be suppressed within allowable values, the fuel efficiency of the hybrid electric vehicle can be improved.

本発明の実施例を示した説明図である。（実施例１）It is explanatory drawing which showed the Example of this invention. Example 1 従来技術の実施例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the Example of the prior art. 本発明のコンバータの制御ブロック図である。It is a control block diagram of the converter of this invention. 本発明のチョッパの制御ブロック図である。It is a control block diagram of the chopper of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ エンジン
２ 発電機
３ コンバータ
４ スロットル
５ コンデンサ
６ インバータ
７ モータ
８ 車輪
９ バッテリ
１０ チョッパ
１１ キャパシタ
３１ 加減算器
３２ 回転数制御器
３３ トルク制限器
３４ 発電機トルク制御器
３５ トルク制限演算器
２０ 加減算器
２１ 電圧制御器
２２ 制限器
２３ 加算器
２４ 加算器
２５ バッテリ電流抑制指令発生器
２６ 電圧変動抑制指令発生器
２７ 制限器 1 Engine 2 Generator 3 Converter 4 Throttle 5 Capacitor 6 Inverter 7 Motor 8 Wheel 9 Battery 10 Chopper 11 Capacitor 31 Adder / Subtractor 32 Speed Controller 33 Torque Limiter 34 Generator Torque Controller 35 Torque Limit Calculator 20 Adder / Subtractor 21 Voltage controller 22 Limiter 23 Adder 24 Adder 25 Battery current suppression command generator 26 Voltage fluctuation suppression command generator 27 Limiter

Claims (3)

エンジンと、該エンジンに供給する燃料の量を調整する燃料調整器と、前記エンジンで駆動される発電機と、該発電機の出力を直流に変換して出力するコンバータと、該コンバータの出力に並列接続されているコンデンサと、該コンデンサを電源として車輪を駆動するモータに電力を供給するインバータと、前記コンデンサに並列接続されたバッテリと、前記コンデンサを電源として前記バッテリの充放電電流を制限するように直流電流を出力するチョッパと、該チョッパ出力の直流電流で充放電されるキャパシタとからなる直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車において、
前記コンバータは前記エンジンが最大効率で運転できる回転速度となるように前記発電機のトルクを調整し、前記燃料調整器は前記コンデンサの電圧が所定値になるように前記エンジンに供給する燃料の量を調整し、前記チョッパは、前記バッテリの充放電電流を制限するだけでなく前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内になるように前記キャパシタの充放電電流を制御し、前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内かつ前記バッテリの充放電電流が所定値範囲内の場合は前記キャパシタの電圧が徐々に所定値になるように前記キャパシタの充放電電流を制御することを特徴とする直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車。 An engine, a fuel regulator for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the engine, a generator driven by the engine, a converter for converting the output of the generator into a direct current, and an output of the converter Capacitors connected in parallel, an inverter that supplies electric power to a motor that drives wheels using the capacitor as a power source, a battery connected in parallel to the capacitor, and a charge / discharge current of the battery limited using the capacitor as a power source In a series hybrid electric vehicle comprising a chopper that outputs a direct current and a capacitor that is charged and discharged by the direct current of the chopper output,
The converter adjusts the torque of the generator so as to achieve a rotational speed at which the engine can operate at maximum efficiency, and the fuel regulator supplies an amount of fuel to the engine so that the voltage of the capacitor becomes a predetermined value. The chopper not only limits the charging / discharging current of the battery but also controls the charging / discharging current of the capacitor so that the voltage of the capacitor is within a predetermined range, and the voltage of the capacitor is within the predetermined range. In addition, when the charge / discharge current of the battery is within a predetermined range, the charge / discharge current of the capacitor is controlled so that the voltage of the capacitor gradually becomes a predetermined value. エンジンと、該エンジンに供給する燃料の量を調整する燃料調整器と、前記エンジンで駆動される発電機と、該発電機の出力を直流に変換して出力するコンバータと、該コンバータの出力に並列接続されているコンデンサと、該コンデンサを電源として車輪を駆動するモータに電力を供給するインバータと、前記コンデンサを電源として直流電流を出力するチョッパと、該チョッパ出力の直流電流で充放電されるキャパシタとからなり、前記コンデンサにバッテリが接続されていない直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車において、
前記コンバータは前記エンジンが最大効率で運転できる回転速度となるように前記発電機のトルクを調整し、前記燃料調整器は前記コンデンサの電圧が所定値になるように前記エンジンに供給する燃料の量を調整し、前記チョッパは、前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内になるように前記キャパシタの充放電電流を制御し、前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内の場合は前記キャパシタの電圧が徐々に所定値になるように前記キャパシタの充放電電流を制御することを特徴とする直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車。
An engine, a fuel regulator for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the engine, a generator driven by the engine, a converter for converting the output of the generator into a direct current, and an output of the converter Capacitors connected in parallel, an inverter that supplies power to a motor that drives wheels using the capacitor as a power source, a chopper that outputs DC current using the capacitor as a power source, and a DC current output from the chopper is charged / discharged In a series hybrid electric vehicle consisting of a capacitor and having no battery connected to the capacitor ,
The converter adjusts the torque of the generator so as to achieve a rotational speed at which the engine can operate at maximum efficiency, and the fuel regulator supplies an amount of fuel to the engine so that the voltage of the capacitor becomes a predetermined value. The chopper controls the charge / discharge current of the capacitor so that the voltage of the capacitor is within a predetermined range. If the voltage of the capacitor is within the predetermined range, the voltage of the capacitor gradually increases to a predetermined value. A series hybrid electric vehicle characterized in that the charge / discharge current of the capacitor is controlled so that
前記コンバータは、前記エンジンが最大効率で運転できる回転速度となるように前記発電機のトルクを調整する際に、前記コンデンサの電圧が所定範囲内におさまるように前記発電機のトルクを制限する制限値を調整することを特徴とする請求項1、又は２記載の直列ハイブリッド式電気自動車。 The converter restricts the generator torque so that the voltage of the capacitor falls within a predetermined range when the torque of the generator is adjusted so that the rotational speed at which the engine can operate at maximum efficiency is obtained. 3. The series hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the value is adjusted.
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