JP5085339B2 - 燃料処理装置の動作を制御するための装置及び方法 - Google Patents
燃料処理装置の動作を制御するための装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5085339B2 JP5085339B2 JP2008000136A JP2008000136A JP5085339B2 JP 5085339 B2 JP5085339 B2 JP 5085339B2 JP 2008000136 A JP2008000136 A JP 2008000136A JP 2008000136 A JP2008000136 A JP 2008000136A JP 5085339 B2 JP5085339 B2 JP 5085339B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 methane and propane Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
- B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
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- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
本発明のその他の多くの特徴は、以下の詳細な説明及び本発明の原料を取り入れた好ましい実施形態が図示のための例としてのみ開示されている添付図面を参考にした場合に、当業者に明らかとなるであろう。
CH3OH+H2O=3H2+CO2
である。
12 燃料処理アセンブリ
14 燃料電池スタック
16 燃料処理機
18 供給アセンブリ
20 供給原料の流れ
22 電気装置
26 制御装置
28 コントローラ
34 水素生成領域
38 分離領域
44 研磨領域
50 出力アセンブリ
56 貯蔵装置
58 ユーザーインターフェース
60 燃焼領域
Claims (18)
- 水素製造燃料処理装置の作動を制御する方法であり、
当該水素製造燃料処理装置は、当該燃料処理装置の作動状態での使用中に、供給原料の流れを受け取り且つ受け取った供給原料から水素を製造する燃料処理機と、当該燃料処理装置の作動状態での使用中に、前記供給原料の流れを前記燃料処理機へ給送する供給アセンブリと、当該燃料処理装置の作動状態での使用中に、水素ガスの少なくとも一部分を受け取る燃料電池スタックと、当該燃料処理装置の作動状態での使用中に、当該燃料処理装置の作動を自動化する制御手段とを含み、当該制御手段によって、
前記燃料処理装置の選択された作動パラメータの入力を受け取り、
選択された作動パラメータの測定値が所定の閾値又は閾値範囲より大きいか小さいかを判定し、それによって、当該燃料処理装置の通常の作動パラメータの範囲外であるか否かを判定し、
作動パラメータの範囲外である場合には、
前記判定に従って、当該燃料処理装置が利用できる選択された作動状態に移行されるべきであるか否かを選択し、
当該燃料処理装置を、作動状態から前記選択された作動状態へと移行させるコマンド信号を送る、ように制御され、
前記選択された作動状態は、少なくとも、
i)前記制御手段が、前記燃料処理機内に所定の作動温度及び圧力を達成し且つ維持するが、水素ガスが前記燃料処理装置による公称量以上は発生されないスタンバイ状態と、
ii)前記燃料処理機への供給原料の流れが停止され且つ前記制御手段が当該燃料処理装置をもう一つ別の作動状態へ移行させることを自動的に試みる前のある時間の間、入力を待っている故障状態と、を含む複数の作動状態から選択された状態である、方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であり、
前記作動状態又はスタンバイ状態における誤動作を検知したときに、前記制御手段が、前記燃料処理装置を前記故障状態へと自動的に移行させるようになされている、方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の方法であり、
前記作動状態においては、前記制御手段が前記燃料処理装置を停止させるように指示する入力を受け取ると、前記燃料処理装置を前記スタンバイ状態へと移行させ、次いで、オフ状態へ移行させるように指示するようにした方法。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記選択された作動パラメータが、燃料処理機への供給原料の流れの流速、前記燃料処理機の水素発生領域の温度及び前記水素発生領域内の圧力のうちの1以上を含む方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記制御手段が、入力信号に応答して、前記燃料処理装置を、オフ状態からスタンバイ状態へ移行させ、更に、スタンバイ状態が首尾良く達成されると、前記制御手段が、前記燃料処理装置に前記作動状態を達成させるか又は前記燃料処理装置を作動状態へ移行させる信号の入力を待つように指示する、ようになされている方法。 - 請求項5に記載の方法であり、
前記入力信号が、ユーザーの入力、前記燃料電池スタックに適用される負荷及び前記制御手段からの定期的な入力からなる群から選択されるようになされた方法。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記制御手段は、前記故障状態から、リセット信号が達成される場合には前記燃料処理装置のオフ状態への移行又は前記スタンバイ状態への移行を指示することを試みるようになされた方法。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記燃料処理装置が作動状態にある間に、前記燃料処理装置を停止させるように前記制御手段に指示する入力を受け取ると、前記制御手段は、最初に、前記燃料処理装置を前記スタンバイ状態へと移行させ、次いで、オフ状態へ移行させるようにした方法。 - 請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記制御手段が、前記自動化された燃料処理装置内に含まれているコンピュータ化されたコントローラを含んでおり、前記制御装置は更に、使用時に、前記燃料処理機及び前記供給アセンブリの選択された作動パラメータを監視し且つ選択された作動パラメータに対応する入力を前記コントローラに送るセンサーアセンブリを更に含み、前記コントローラは、前記燃料処理装置を、前記作動状態と、前記入力に少なくとも部分的に基づいた前記複数の作動状態との間を移行させ、更に、前記制御手段は、前記選択された作動パラメータを、所定の値に又は閾値によって限界が定められた範囲内に維持するために、前記燃料処理装置の作動を制御するようにした方法。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
選択された作動パラメータが対応する閾値を超過した場合に、前記制御手段が、前記燃料処理装置を自動的に停止させるようにした方法。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記スタンバイ状態においては、前記燃料処理機は、前記供給原料の流れから水素ガスを製造するための作動温度及び作動圧力に維持され、水素ガスは、前記スタンバイ状態において燃料処理装置を作動させるのに必要とされる以上には前記燃料電池スタックに供給されないようにした方法。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記スタンバイ状態においては、水素ガスが前記燃料電池スタックへ全く給送されないようにした方法。 - 請求項1乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記スタンバイ状態においては、水素ガスの少なくとも実質的な部分が加熱アセンブリへ給送され、当該加熱アセンブリは、水素ガスの一部分を燃焼させて前記燃料処理機を加熱するための熱を発生させるようにした方法。 - 請求項1乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記燃料処理機が、スチームリフォーマーを含んでおり、前記燃料電池スタックが少なくとも1つの陽子交換膜燃料電池を含むようにした方法。 - 請求項1乃至14のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、
前記燃料処理装置が更に、使用時に、前記燃料処理機によって発生される水素ガスの少なくとも一部分を貯蔵するようになされている水素貯蔵装置を含むようにした方法。 - 水素ガスを含むリフォメートの流れを生成するために、高温且つ高圧で作動するようになされた水素生成スチームリフォーマーを備え、前記リフォメートの流れの少なくとも一部分を含んでいる製品水素の流れを発生するようになされた燃料処理装置であり、
当該燃料処理装置を、複数の作動状態のうちの選択された状態間で自動的に移行させるための自動の制御手段を含み、前記複数の作動状態が、前記スチームリフォーマーによって前記製品水素の流れが生成される作動状態と、前記スチームリフォーマーが、水素ガスを生成するための作動温度及び作動圧力に維持されているが、当該燃料処理装置によって製品水素の流れは生成されないスタンバイ状態とを含んでいる、燃料処理装置。 - 請求項16に記載の燃料処理装置であり、
前記スタンバイ状態において、前記自動の制御装置が、出力の流れを前記スチームリフォーマーから通気の流れ内へ導くようになされた、燃料処理装置。 - 請求項16に記載の燃料処理装置であり、
前記スタンバイ状態において、前記スチームリフォーマーを高温に維持するために、前記自動の制御装置が、出力の流れを前記スチームリフォーマーから燃焼ユニットへ導くようになされた、燃料処理装置。
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1999
- 1999-10-06 US US09/414,049 patent/US6383670B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2000
- 2000-09-21 MX MXPA02003222A patent/MXPA02003222A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-21 CA CA002374359A patent/CA2374359C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-21 WO PCT/US2000/026036 patent/WO2001026174A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-09-21 AU AU76052/00A patent/AU7605200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-21 EP EP00965316.3A patent/EP1243045B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-21 JP JP2001529036A patent/JP4171598B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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TW477087B (en) | 2002-02-21 |
EP1243045A1 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
US20020127447A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
US7208241B2 (en) | 2007-04-24 |
CA2374359C (en) | 2004-07-06 |
WO2001026174A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
HK1049549A1 (zh) | 2003-05-16 |
MXPA02003222A (es) | 2002-09-30 |
BR0014562A (pt) | 2002-08-20 |
JP2003511336A (ja) | 2003-03-25 |
US20100297511A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
US7939211B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 |
US6383670B1 (en) | 2002-05-07 |
AU7605200A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
US20050106431A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
JP2008171815A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
US20080176118A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
CA2374359A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
US7771882B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 |
EP1243045B1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
JP4171598B2 (ja) | 2008-10-22 |
US6811908B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
EP1243045A4 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
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