JP5027462B2 - 光合成微生物の培養方法 - Google Patents
光合成微生物の培養方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5027462B2 JP5027462B2 JP2006238729A JP2006238729A JP5027462B2 JP 5027462 B2 JP5027462 B2 JP 5027462B2 JP 2006238729 A JP2006238729 A JP 2006238729A JP 2006238729 A JP2006238729 A JP 2006238729A JP 5027462 B2 JP5027462 B2 JP 5027462B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- iii
- photosynthetic
- culture
- chlorella
- strain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 75
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title description 6
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195651 Chlorella sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009569 heterotrophic growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
- C12M35/02—Electrical or electromagnetic means, e.g. for electroporation or for cell fusion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/22—Transparent or translucent parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/04—Filters; Permeable or porous membranes or plates, e.g. dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Description
[1.培地の調整]
まず、培地(培養基)8の調製を以下のように行った。すなわち、蒸留水1Lに(NH4)2SO4;1.0g、KNO3;0.5g、K2HPO4;0.5g、KH2PO4;0.6g、MgSO4・7H2O;0.2g、CaCl2・2H2O;0.01g、FeSO4・7H2O;0.01gを溶解した無機基本培地8に2mlの微量金属溶液(蒸留水1LにCuSO4・5H2O;5mg、CoCl2・6H2O;5mg、NiCl2・6H2O;5mg、NaMoO4・2H2O;5mg、ZnSO4;30mg、MnCl2・6H2O;5mgを溶解)を加えた。また鉄添加培地8にはFe(III)-EDTA (Fe(III)をエチレンジアミン四酢酸でキレートした錯体状態の鉄) を0.84g/Lとなるようにさらに加えた。いずれの場合も培地8のpHは希塩酸水溶液を用いて7.0に調整した。
図1に示した培養装置1により培養を実施した。培養槽2は、外径75mm、高さ90mmのガラス製深底シャーレの内側を一価の陽イオン透過性のイオン交換膜(旭化成、K-192)3で仕切った二層式とし、一方を培養槽2a、他方を対極槽2bとした(図1参照)。培養槽2a、対極槽2bにはそれぞれ陽極4、陰極5として炭素板(40mm×40mm、4mm厚)を設置し、また培養槽2aには銀・塩化銀参照電極(HS-205C、東亜DKK社)9を設置した。これら3本の電極(陽極4、陰極5、参照電極9)を電位制御装置(POTENTIO/GALVANOSTAT model 110、扶桑製作所)6に結線することで電気培養槽2内の陽極4の電位を厳密に設定可能とした。培養に関しては培養槽2をアクリル製の嫌気ボックス7内に封入し、さらに嫌気ボックス7の全体を30℃に設定した陽光実験定温器(明文館器械興業株式会社)内部に設置した。嫌気ボックス7には常時窒素ガスを注入し(0.2L/min)、常時60-70μmol/m2・sの光を照射し、光嫌気条件を設定した。
培養装置1により、環境試料に光照射、窒素ガス雰囲気下でFe(III)を連続的に供給して培養を行い、選択的に増殖した光合成微生物を単離したところ、その光合成微生物が18S rRNA gene の配列相同性からChlorella sorkiniana C212株と最近縁と推定される新規なクロレラであることが確認され、これをChlorella sp. H-1株(クロレラH-1株)とした。尚、クロレラH-1株は従属栄養的な生育において通常のクロレラと異なり、好気・嫌気に関わらず暗条件下では生育することができず、完全に光依存的であった。
次にFeとクロレラH-1株の生育との関係を解析するため、電気培養によりFe(II)/Fe(III) 量を制御しながら培養することを試みた。参照試料としてChlorella sorkiniana C212株を用いた。Chlorella sorkiniana C212株ではFe量制御による増殖は見られなかったが、クロレラH-1株ではFe(III)を連続供給することで、即ち、電気化学的な還元反応によりFe(III)から生成されたFe(II)を再生(酸化)することで増殖が促進された。
培地8に含有されるFe(II)とFe(III)の比Fe(II)/Fe(III)量を電気化学的に制御し、クロレラH-1株の増殖への影響を解析することを試みた。鉄の酸化反応が生じる電位領域をもとにFe(II)をFe(III)に再生(酸化)する培養槽2aでは0.2V、鉄の還元反応が生じる電位領域をもとにFe(III)をFe(II)に再生(還元)する培養槽2aでは−0.5Vに電位を設定し、光嫌気電気培養装置1を用いて電気培養を実施した。図3に鉄酸化電位、鉄還元電位を設定した培養槽2aおよび対照実験として再生しない(電解しない)培養槽2aにおけるH-1株の生育を示す。図中の−■−は、Fe(II)をFe(III)に再生(酸化)しながら行ったもの、−▲−はFe(III)をFe(II)に再生(還元)しながら行ったもの、−◆−は再生を全く行っていないもの(電解していないもの)である。尚、図3の縦軸は分光光度計を用いて培地の660nmにおける吸光度を測定した値である。この測定値は、培地中に存在するクロレラH-1株の濃度を示す値であり、吸光度が大きくなるにつれてクロレラH-1株が増加していることになる。−■−だとH-1株の成育が促進されることが確認できた。つまり、クロレラH-1株ではFe(II)をFe(III)に再生(酸化)したサンプルにおいて再生しない(電解しない)場合と比較して増殖の促進がみられた。この結果より、クロレラH-1株が光合成の電子受容体として利用するFe(III)を連続供給することにより光合成が活性化され、クロレラH-1株の増殖が促進されることが確認された。
2 電気培養槽
2a 培養槽
2b 対極槽
3 イオン交換膜
4 陽極
5 陰極
6 電位制御装置
7 嫌気ボックス
8 培地
Claims (1)
- Fe(III)をその光合成反応に利用する光合成微生物である受託番号FERM P−20984のクロレラを含む試料を培地に含有させ、嫌気環境下で、前記培地に光を照射しながら前記培地に含有されるFe(III)が前記光合成微生物により還元されて生じたFe(II)を電気化学的にFe(III)に再生して、前記光合成微生物の増殖を促進させることを特徴とする光合成微生物の培養方法。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006238729A JP5027462B2 (ja) | 2005-09-05 | 2006-09-04 | 光合成微生物の培養方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005256838 | 2005-09-05 | ||
JP2005256838 | 2005-09-05 | ||
JP2006238729A JP5027462B2 (ja) | 2005-09-05 | 2006-09-04 | 光合成微生物の培養方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007089580A JP2007089580A (ja) | 2007-04-12 |
JP5027462B2 true JP5027462B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
Family
ID=37975949
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006238729A Expired - Fee Related JP5027462B2 (ja) | 2005-09-05 | 2006-09-04 | 光合成微生物の培養方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP5027462B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5563774B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-12 | 2014-07-30 | 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 | 電気培養装置 |
JP5323543B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-12 | 2013-10-23 | 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 | 電気培養方法及び電気培養装置 |
EP2468878A1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-27 | Sanbo International Establishment | A method for increasing the CoQ10 and CoQH2 content in phototrophic microorganisms |
KR101402133B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-31 | 2014-06-03 | 명지대학교 산학협력단 | 광합성 미세조류를 이용한 황화수소 및 이산화탄소의 제거방법 |
CN110357273B (zh) * | 2019-07-24 | 2023-08-04 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | 一种燃料电池装置及氨氮去除与三价铁再生的方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3777534B2 (ja) * | 1999-10-07 | 2006-05-24 | 財団法人電力中央研究所 | 嫌気的環境における細菌の電気培養方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-09-04 JP JP2006238729A patent/JP5027462B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2007089580A (ja) | 2007-04-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Elshobary et al. | Recent insights into microalgae-assisted microbial fuel cells for generating sustainable bioelectricity | |
Xiao et al. | Applications and perspectives of phototrophic microorganisms for electricity generation from organic compounds in microbial fuel cells | |
Huang et al. | Fast light-driven biodecolorization by a Geobacter sulfurreducens–CdS biohybrid | |
Yuan et al. | Strategies for bioelectrochemical CO2 reduction | |
Schröder et al. | Microbial electrochemistry and technology: terminology and classification | |
US9837677B2 (en) | Electroactive cultures and apparatuses therefor | |
CN103881905B (zh) | 一种嵌入式生物电合成系统及方法 | |
AU2007215611C9 (en) | Device comprising a new cathode system and method for generating electrical energy with use thereof | |
Xiu et al. | Hydrogen‐mediated electron transfer in hybrid microbial–inorganic systems and application in energy and the environment | |
Hengsbach et al. | Microbial electrosynthesis of methane and acetate—comparison of pure and mixed cultures | |
Biswal et al. | Application of nanotechnology in the production of biohydrogen: a review | |
JP5027462B2 (ja) | 光合成微生物の培養方法 | |
JP2023546987A (ja) | 二酸化炭素を含むガスを処理するプロセス | |
Rathinavel et al. | Algal microbial fuel cells—nature’s perpetual energy resource | |
Zhou et al. | Electron transfer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CP1 in electrochemical reduction of nitric oxide | |
Agostino et al. | Electrophysiology of the facultative autotrophic bacterium Desulfosporosinus orientis | |
Blázquez et al. | Application of bioelectrochemical systems for the treatment of wastewaters with sulfur species | |
EP3075884A1 (en) | System and method for bio-electrochemical water oxidation | |
Mona et al. | Prolonged hydrogen production by Nostoc in photobioreactor and multi-stage use of the biological waste for column biosorption of some dyes and metals | |
Chatzitakis et al. | Hydrogen production using a photoelectrocatalytic–enzymatic hybrid system | |
Azuma et al. | Catalyst development of microbial fuel cells for renewable-energy production | |
Lojou et al. | Electrocatalytic Reactions at Hydrogenase‐Modified Electrodes and Their Applications to Biosensors: From the Isolated Enzymes to the Whole Cells | |
JP3777534B2 (ja) | 嫌気的環境における細菌の電気培養方法 | |
Syed et al. | Electroactive biofilm and electron transfer in microbial electrochemical systems | |
Berezin et al. | Energy-related applications of immobilized enzymes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20090713 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20111108 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120106 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20120306 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20120525 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20120601 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20120619 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20120622 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20150629 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5027462 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |