JP4996684B2 - 電子写真感光体およびその製造方法、並びに画像形成装置 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体およびその製造方法、並びに画像形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/24—Deposition of silicon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
- C23C16/505—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using radio frequency discharges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
- G03G5/08214—Silicon-based
- G03G5/08221—Silicon-based comprising one or two silicon based layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
- G03G5/08214—Silicon-based
- G03G5/08221—Silicon-based comprising one or two silicon based layers
- G03G5/08228—Silicon-based comprising one or two silicon based layers at least one with varying composition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
- G03G5/08214—Silicon-based
- G03G5/08235—Silicon-based comprising three or four silicon-based layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
- G03G5/08214—Silicon-based
- G03G5/08235—Silicon-based comprising three or four silicon-based layers
- G03G5/08242—Silicon-based comprising three or four silicon-based layers at least one with varying composition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
- G03G5/08214—Silicon-based
- G03G5/0825—Silicon-based comprising five or six silicon-based layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
- G03G5/08214—Silicon-based
- G03G5/0825—Silicon-based comprising five or six silicon-based layers
- G03G5/08257—Silicon-based comprising five or six silicon-based layers at least one with varying composition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
- G03G5/08214—Silicon-based
- G03G5/08278—Depositing methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/00953—Electrographic recording members
- G03G2215/00957—Compositions
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Description
転写器14は、電子写真感光体10と転写器14との間の転写領域に供給された記録媒体Pに、電子写真感光体10のトナー像を転写する機能を有するものである。本実施形態における転写器14は、転写用チャージャ14Aおよび分離用チャージャ14Bを備えている。転写器14では、転写用チャージャ14Aにおいて記録媒体Pの背面(非記録面)がトナー像とは逆極性に帯電され、この帯電電荷とトナー像との静電引力によって、記録媒体P上にトナー像が転写される。また、転写器14では、トナー像の転写と同時的に、分離用チャージャ14Bにおいて記録媒体Pの背面が交流帯電させられ、記録媒体Pが電子写真感光体10の表面から速やかに分離させられる。
電子写真感光体は、下記表1に示す条件で、円筒状基体上に光導電層のみを形成することによって作製した。
特性エネルギEは、下記数式2に基づいて、光子エネルギ(hω)と光吸収係数(α)の対数(lnα)との傾き(1/E)の逆数として算出した。
光吸収係数は、紫外可視分光光度計を用いて測定した結果に基づいて導出した。具体的には、ガラス基板上に約1μmの単層膜を形成することによりテストピースを作製した後、紫外可視分光光度計(型番:UV−2400PC、株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて、作製したテストピースに照射した透過光の透過率(波長範囲:400nm〜800nm)を測定した結果に基づいて、各電子写真感光体の光吸収係数を導出した。各テストピースにおける光吸収係数と波長との関係については、横軸を光子エネルギ(hω)、縦軸を吸光係数の対数(lnα)として図5ないし図9に示した。
電子写真感光体は、円筒状基体上に、電荷注入阻止層、光導電層、および表面層を順次積層することにより形成した。サンプル1,2,3,4,5について、電荷注入阻止層は下記表3に示す条件で、光導電層は上記表1に示す条件で、表面層は下記表4に示す条件でそれぞれ形成した。サンプル6については、光導電層を形成するときの直流電圧を−580Vとした以外はサンプル1と同一の条件で電荷注入阻止層、光導電層、および表面層を順次積層形成した。
メモリ特性は、電子写真感光体を画像形成装置(型番:KM−8030、京セラミタ株式会社製)に組み込んで画像を印刷したときに、電子写真感光体の1回転目の画像が残って2回転目に現れるか否かを確認することにより評価した。画像形成装置において、露光波長は680nm(露光光の光子エネルギhωが1.82eV)、除電波長は780nm(除電光の光子エネルギhωが1.59eV)に設定した。
帯電電圧は、露光および除電を複数回繰り返した後、定常状態(帯電電圧が安定した状態)になったときの電圧として評価した。評価結果については表5に併せて示した。
成膜速度は、従来手法による成膜速度(例えばサンプル5)を基準として、それと同等の成膜速度を維持できているものを「○」、従来に比べて成膜速度が向上したものを「◎」、従来に比べて成膜速度が大きく低下したものを「×」として評価した。
10 電子写真感光体
18 円筒状基体(基体)
19B 光導電層
3 支持体(第1導体)
4 反応室
40 円筒状電極(第2導体)
Claims (13)
- 露光波長に対する特性エネルギE1は0.09eVより大きく0.16eV以下である、請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 露光波長に対する特性エネルギE1は0.1eV以上0.14eV以下である、請求項2に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 除電波長に対する特性エネルギE2は0.09eV以下である、請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 除電波長に対する特性エネルギE2は0.07eV以下である、請求項4に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 除電波長に対する特性エネルギE2は0.06eV以上である、請求項4に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記非単結晶材料はアモルファスシリコンを主成分とする、請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記非単結晶材料は微結晶シリコンを含む、請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 前記光導電層上に水素化アモルファスシリコンカーバイド(a−Si1-XCX:H)を含んでなる表面層を更に備え、
前記表面層は、前記X値が0を超えて0.8未満の第1層と、該第1層上に積層形成され且つ前記X値が0.95以上1.0未満の第2層とを含んでなる、請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体。 - 前記光導電層上にアモルファスカーボンを含んでなる表面層を更に備える、請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体。
- 請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体の製造方法であって、
反応室において第1導体に前記基体を支持させるステップと、
前記反応室を反応ガス雰囲気とするステップと、
前記第1導体と前記反応室において前記第1導体に離間して配置された第2導体との間にパルス状の直流電圧を印加するステップと、を含むことを特徴する、電子写真感光体の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電子写真感光体と、前記電子写真感光体を露光するための露光器と、前記電子写真感光体を除電するための除電器と、を備えることを特徴とする、画像形成装置。
- 前記露光器から出射される露光光の波長は、前記除電器から出射される除電光の波長よりも短い、請求項12に記載の画像形成装置。
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JP2009525456A JP4996684B2 (ja) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-31 | 電子写真感光体およびその製造方法、並びに画像形成装置 |
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JP2007200241 | 2007-07-31 | ||
PCT/JP2008/063804 WO2009017207A1 (ja) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-31 | 電子写真感光体およびその製造方法、並びに画像形成装置 |
JP2009525456A JP4996684B2 (ja) | 2007-07-31 | 2008-07-31 | 電子写真感光体およびその製造方法、並びに画像形成装置 |
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JPWO2009017207A1 JPWO2009017207A1 (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
JP4996684B2 true JP4996684B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
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US10247309B2 (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2019-04-02 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Mechanical seal device for use in water environment and sealing ring thereof |
US20180217513A1 (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2018-08-02 | Kyocera Corporation | Method of manufacturing electrophotographic photoreceptor, method of manufacturing image forming apparatus including the same, and electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing aparatus |
JP2020020908A (ja) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 画像形成装置及び画像形成方法 |
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JP2000187344A (ja) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-07-04 | Canon Inc | 電子写真方法および電子写真装置 |
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WO2006134781A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-16 | 2006-12-21 | Kyocera Corporation | 堆積膜形成方法、堆積膜形成装置、堆積膜およびこれを用いた感光体 |
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US4641158A (en) * | 1984-02-13 | 1987-02-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic apparatus |
JPS6283470A (ja) | 1985-10-04 | 1987-04-16 | Sharp Corp | 光導電体 |
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JP3368109B2 (ja) * | 1995-08-23 | 2003-01-20 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真用光受容部材 |
JP3754751B2 (ja) * | 1996-05-23 | 2006-03-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光受容部材 |
US6605405B2 (en) * | 2000-07-26 | 2003-08-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic method and electrophotographic apparatus |
US7759034B2 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2010-07-20 | Kyocera Corporation | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, method of producing the same and image forming apparatus |
JP2007334154A (ja) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-27 | Kyocera Mita Corp | 画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
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2008
- 2008-07-31 WO PCT/JP2008/063804 patent/WO2009017207A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-07-31 US US12/671,469 patent/US8330161B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-31 JP JP2009525456A patent/JP4996684B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS60168187A (ja) * | 1984-02-13 | 1985-08-31 | Canon Inc | 電子写真プロセス |
JPH1184700A (ja) * | 1997-09-10 | 1999-03-26 | Canon Inc | 電子写真用光受容部材 |
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JP2002108032A (ja) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-04-10 | Canon Inc | 電子写真方法及び電子写真装置 |
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JP2007179025A (ja) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-07-12 | Kyocera Corp | 電子写真感光体、これの製造方法および画像形成装置 |
JP2007171805A (ja) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-07-05 | Kyocera Corp | 電子写真感光体及びこれを搭載した画像形成装置 |
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JPWO2009017207A1 (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
WO2009017207A1 (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
US8330161B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
US20100224877A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
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