JP4991018B1 - Liquid purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid purification apparatus having a back washing means for a porous ceramic filter used for liquid purification, and having a filter breakage preventing function for preventing the porous ceramic filter from being broken during back washing.
A liquid purification apparatus (10) for filtering a liquid using at least one porous ceramic filter (20) installed in a liquid purification tank (82), comprising a back washing means (28) for the porous ceramic filter (20), The cleaning means 28 includes a cleaning liquid supply means 56 for supplying a cleaning liquid, a high-pressure air supply means 60 for mixing high-pressure air, a mixing means 62 for mixing the cleaning liquid and high-pressure air into a gas-liquid two-phase flow, and a gas-liquid two-phase flow. A backwash pipe 70 for supplying a flow to the porous ceramics filter 20 in the opposite direction to the filtration direction, and a control unit 74 for controlling the cleaning liquid supply means 56 and the high-pressure air supply means 60, respectively. The controller 74 controls the high-pressure air supply means 60 to supply high-pressure air at regular intervals.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid purification apparatus having backwashing means, and more particularly to a liquid purification apparatus such as a pool water purification apparatus having backwashing means for a porous ceramic filter used for liquid purification.

  Conventionally, a filtering device using a porous ceramic filter as a filtering material for filtering various pollutants, malodorous (odorous) substances, and impurities unsuitable for beverages in order to obtain drinking water from river water, seawater or wastewater, Also being used. On the other hand, many water purifiers have recently been put on the market to remove bad odors and bad taste due to organic and inorganic substances contained in small quantities in well water and tap water. Many use ceramic filters.

  Also, when removing solids and impurities from fermentation products, such as when brewing beer, wine, sake, soy sauce, etc., or to obtain sauces, juices, fruit juices, dietary oils, etc. Porous ceramic filters are also used for removal. As described above, the drinking water, alcoholic beverages, fruit juices, juices, sauces, food oils, and the like are provided for drinking or edible use. Therefore, the performance of the purification device is required to be extremely strict, on an industrial scale. When doing so, there is a demand for an increase in size.

  On the other hand, due to the recent increase in interest in environmental pollution, strict regulations are imposed on the quality of industrial wastewater, and there is a demand for higher performance and larger purification equipment for wastewater purification. In addition, there will be restrictions on wastewater from various business activities, wastewater from schools, facilities, etc., household wastewater and domestic wastewater, and various types of high-performance and low-cost purification devices ranging from small to large. Is required.

  By the way, with the recent fitness boom, more and more people perform swimming as a whole body exercise suitable for health promotion and stress relief, and those familiar with the pool regardless of age or sex are increasing. Accordingly, in order to enjoy swimming more safely and hygienically, there is an increasing interest in the hygiene status of the pool, especially the water quality, and the demand for a purification device that determines the water quality of this pool has become increasingly severe. As a result, higher performance and larger size have been developed.

  Here, the pool water purification apparatus will be described as a representative example. The pool water purification apparatus generally includes a pre-filtration apparatus, a filtration apparatus, an adsorption purification apparatus, and pool water for removing impurities such as dust and hair contained in the pool water. It has a sterilizing device that performs sterilization, and further comprises a device for supplying a filter aid to the filtering device as needed, or a heating means for pool water if it is a hot water pool. In general, pool water is purified by circulating between the purification device and the pool, and is kept hygienic.

  Under such circumstances, as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, porous ceramic filters are often used as filtration devices applied to pool water purification equipment. The porous ceramic filter has a three-dimensional extremely fine filtration space that is preferable for filtration of pools, particularly hot water pools, and organic substances such as oil released from the human body that could not be filtered with conventional filters. Can also be suitably filtered.

  By the way, when constructing a new pool, there is a balance with other work such as construction of the pool itself, so the purification equipment installation work at the site can be performed as easily as possible. It is desirable to finish in a short period. This is the same even when an existing pool purification device is replaced with a new device, and is particularly important for shortening the so-called closing time in the case of a hot water pool used all year round. .

Japanese Patent No. 3354007 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 7-63570

  The liquid purification apparatus using the porous ceramic filter (hereinafter referred to as a filter) having a high-performance purification capability described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above is used to purify pool water such as impurity filtration, adsorption purification, and sterilization. The liquid purification device that purifies unpurified liquid such as a device is preferably satisfied, and it is low-cost, compact, and easy to install, but the filter itself is hard and backwashing Is easily broken by vibration of air (air) used.

  If the filter breaks, it must be replaced with a new filter. When the filter is replaced, the operation of the equipment such as the pool must be stopped, so the damage caused by the breakage of the filter is significant.

In addition, if the fastening of the filter (or the joining part) is loosened during backwashing and the cleaning liquid or air leaks from these parts, backwashing cannot be satisfactorily performed.
In addition, if the tightening of the fixed part of the filter is further loosened and unpurified liquid or filter aid enters the filter from the fixed part of the filter or the like during liquid purification, the liquid cannot be purified satisfactorily. This is a fatal situation as a liquid purification device.

  If cleaning liquid or air leaks during backwashing, or if unpurified liquid or filter aid enters the filter during liquid purification, check these points, replace the gasket, or fix the filter. It takes a lot of time and effort to resolve the situation, such as tightening.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, the cleaning liquid pump is completely started up by circulating the cleaning liquid through the circulation path in the backwashing means before the start of backwashing, and the maximum capacity is exhibited at the time of backwashing the filter. Although it has been described that it is possible, it is necessary to install a circulation path in the backwashing means, and extra installation space and installation costs are required.

  In addition, as described in Patent Document 2, even if the backwashing means has a cleaning liquid circulation path, if the number of filters is large, the amount of cleaning liquid and air, and the cleaning pressure thereof are increased during backwashing. In the past, in order to send an amount of cleaning liquid and air suitable for backwashing to each ceramic filter, one or more filters to be backwashed were selected, and other filters were backwashed. To prevent this, the valves leading to these filters were manually closed. For this reason, it took much time to backwash all the filters.

As described above, an object of the present invention is a liquid purification apparatus having a backwashing means for a filter used for liquid purification, which can be easily installed at low cost, and prevents damage to the filter during backwashing. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid purification apparatus having a filter breakage prevention function.
In addition, it is difficult to loosen the fixing part of the filter, etc., and it is difficult to leak cleaning liquid and air during backwashing, and liquid purification with a filter that prevents unpurified liquid and filter aid from entering the filter during liquid purification. To provide an apparatus.
In addition, even if the cleaning liquid circulation path is not provided in the backwashing means, during backwashing, a preferred amount of cleaning liquid and air is sent to the filter, and automatic backwashing is performed in which effective backwashing of the filter is automatically performed. It is providing the liquid purification apparatus provided with the washing means.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention comprises a liquid septic tank, a fluid purification device which performs filtering of a liquid using at least one cylindrical porous ceramic filter provided in the liquid body septic tank, multi a backwash means porous ceramics filter backwash means includes a cleaning liquid supply means for supplying a cleaning liquid, a high pressure air supply means for supplying high pressure air to the wash solution, wash solution supply means及beauty high pressure arranged downstream of the air supply means, and mixing means for the mixing washed Kiyoshieki及beauty high air-liquid two-phase flow, the wash solution or Ru is supplied from the wash solution supply means generated in the mixed-means comprising a allowed gas-liquid two-phase flow and backwashing pipe for supplying to the filtration direction and the reverse direction to the multi-porous ceramic filter, and a control section for controlling each of the wash solution supply means and the high pressure air supply means, at the time of the backwash, the control part is, the high pressure air supply means And your, supplying high pressure air at regular intervals, characterized in that the backwashing of the porous ceramic filter by supplying gas-liquid two-phase flow in the filtration direction and the reverse direction from the backwash pipe at regular intervals A liquid purification apparatus is provided.

The liquid body septic tanks, e Bei a plurality of filter units are formed by a multi-porous ceramic filter, off Irutayunitto is disposed on the lower surface or upper surface of the liquid body septic tank, the liquid being purified by a multi-porous ceramic filter the communication with the water supply pipe for water supply, and the jacket to form one end of the full Irutayunitto, extending from the end face of the di-jacket, and a single shaft passing through the center of the full Irutayunitto, placed on the end face side of the di jacket that a plurality of multi-porous ceramic filter, and at least one joining member for joining a multi-porous ceramic filter to each other, are installed in a multi-porous ceramic filter, a cover formed so as to Futatome the other end of the full Irutayunitto When, and a fixing unit for fixing the sheet Yafuto and cover, the cover of the filter unit, Schaff at its center Has a through hole that passes through the fixing unit is penetrating protruding from the cover through the through hole of the cover shaft, and a gasket is located directly on the cover, is through the shaft, is used to overlap the gasket A washer having an inner hole in a shape in which a cylinder and a truncated cone having one end surface of the cylinder as an upper base are coupled to each other , and at least one dish that is passed through the shaft and is placed on the washer so as to press the washer A spring, a coupling member connecting the plurality of filter units, which is passed through the shaft and overlaid on the disc spring, and a nut which is penetrated by the shaft and is superimposed on the coupling member and fitted into the threaded portion of the shaft. And the nut is fastened and fixed to the shaft to push the connecting member, at least one disc spring, washer, gasket, and cover toward the jacket. The washer is fixed so that the gasket contacts the frustoconical inner hole side of the washer, and the gasket is deformed by being pressed against the gasket side by tightening and fixing the nut. The gap between the frustum-shaped inner hole cuts into the gap between the cover's through hole and the shaft, preventing the entry of liquid and filter aid before filtration into the filter unit during filtration, and backwashing It is preferable to prevent leakage of the cleaning liquid and high-pressure air .

  Further, the water pressure detection means for detecting the water pressure in the liquid septic tank and the water pressure in the filter unit, the detected water pressure in the liquid septic tank, and the water pressure in the filter unit are used to calculate a differential pressure between them. It is preferable to provide a differential pressure calculation means for calculating.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the back washing of the porous ceramic filter by the back washing means is performed based on the differential pressure, and the reference differential pressure is approximately 0.03 MPa.

  Further, at the time of backwashing, the control unit first supplies the cleaning liquid to the porous ceramics filter from the backwash pipe by controlling the cleaning liquid supply means and the high-pressure air supply means, and then The gas-liquid two-phase flow is preferably supplied.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the supply of the high-pressure air at regular intervals repeats the stop and supply of the high-pressure air every 2 seconds.

  Further, the liquid septic tank includes a plurality of the porous ceramic filters, and the backwashing means is provided with a plurality of electromagnetic waves installed at each of the connection points between the plurality of porous ceramics filters and the backwash pipe. A selection means for selecting a porous ceramic filter for backwashing among the plurality of porous ceramic filters, and the control unit includes the cleaning liquid supply means and the high-pressure air supply means, It is preferable to individually control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve based on the selection means.

  The selection means can select a plurality of porous ceramic filters at a time, and the backwashing means preferably cleans the plurality of porous ceramic filters at a time.

  Further, it is preferable that the backwashing means includes an automatic backwashing means, and the automatic backwashing means cleans all the porous ceramic filters in order by operating the selection means and the control unit.

According to the present invention, in the liquid purification apparatus, the porous ceramic filter used for liquid purification can be back-washed without risk of damage, so that the liquid purification apparatus can be easily cleaned and, of course, the filter is damaged. It is possible to prevent the shutdown of facilities such as pools.
Further, since the filter can be backwashed automatically, the burden on the backwashing operation can be greatly reduced.

It is a conceptual diagram of an example of the pool water purification system using one Example of the pool water purification apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the pool water purification apparatus of this invention shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing explaining the operation | movement at the time of purification | cleaning and backwashing of an inner side tank provided with the filter assembly (porous ceramic filter) for pool water purification | cleaning shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a detailed explanatory view of the upper part of the pool water purification filter assembly shown in FIG. 3. (A) is sectional drawing of the special washer of the filter assembly for pool water purification | cleaning shown in FIG. 4, (b) is a perspective perspective view of a special washer. FIG. 5 is a detailed explanatory view of a special washer and a gasket installed on the upper part of the pool water purification filter assembly shown in FIG. 4. It is a block diagram which shows one Example of the backwashing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a graph explaining operation | movement of the high pressure air supply means shown in FIG. (A) And (b) is a schematic sectional drawing which shows one Example of the mixing means of the backwashing apparatus shown in FIG. (A) And (b) is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the other Example of the mixing means of the backwashing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the other Example of the backwashing apparatus of FIG.

  The liquid purification apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a basic configuration of a pool water purification system using the pool water purification apparatus of the present invention. The pool water purification apparatus system (hereinafter referred to as “purification system”) shown in FIG. 1 includes an overflow tank 14 for storing pool water overflowed from the pool 12, pre-filters 16a and 16b, and pool water circulation pumps 18a and 18b. The pool water purification device 10 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the purification device 10), the ultrafiltration device 22, the backwashing device 28 of the purification device 10, the backwashing device 30 of the ultrafiltration device 22, and the filtration An auxiliary agent supply device 32 and a slurry pump 34 are provided.

  Here, since only the basic configuration of the purification system of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, the purification system of the illustrated example includes various tanks normally used in the purification system, such as a chlorine tank and an alkaline tank. Of course, it has equipment such as tanks, valves, piping, and heat exchangers as necessary.

  The overflow tank 14 temporarily stores pool water that has overflowed from the pool 12, or pool water that has been forcedly drained by natural drainage or a pump, and a predetermined amount of pool water is supplied to the prefilters 16a and 16b through piping. To supply.

  The pre-filters 16a and 16b are made by disposing carbon filters or the like in the tank, and are included in the pool drainage that has flowed out of the overflow tank 14, or are coarse such as floating hair, lint, adhesive plaster, and dust. It is for removing impurities, and is provided for smoothly performing pool water purification (especially filtration by a porous ceramic filter 20 described later) by the purification device 10 of the present invention at a later stage. There may be one prefilter or three or more prefilters.

  The pumps 18a and 18b may be any type as long as they are circulation pumps and provide energy for flowing pool water in the flow path of the purification device 10 of the present invention. This circulation pump may be a single pump or a plurality of pumps arranged in parallel or in series. The pool water from the pumps 18a and 18b is then subjected to microfiltration, sterilization and adsorption purification by the purification device 10 of the present invention.

<Purification device>
FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the purification device 10. As shown in the figure, the purification apparatus 10 has an upper and lower surface (the upper and lower surfaces may be opposite to those in FIG. 2. An inner tank 82 in FIG. 3 (a liquid purification tank in the present invention) described later is an inner tank 82 in FIG. The apparatus main body 10a having the outer tank 80 and the inner tank 82 of the double structure tank having the coaxial cylindrical side wall that is closed), the water collecting section 88, and the sterilizing apparatus 90 Composed. Adsorption purifying means 86 is housed in the main portion of the outer tank 80 between the inner casing 81 (comprised of a cylindrical partition wall, upper and lower wall surfaces, a lid, etc.) 81 having a double tank structure. An ultraviolet lamp 92 that constitutes a sterilizing means is disposed in a portion where the purifying means 86 is not accommodated.

  Pool water from the pumps 18 a and 18 b flows into the inner tank 82 through the valve 84 a and is filtered by the microfiltration means 84. The microfiltration means 84 is made up of floating metal salts, oils, organic matters such as dirt, impurities, bacteria, etc. that are brought into the pool water by the porous ceramic filter (hereinafter referred to as ceramic filter) 20 or produced and mixed. An apparatus for washing pool water by filtering to fine particles. A plurality of, for example, 100 to 150, ceramic filters 20 capable of filtering to the fine particles of about 0.25 to 1 μm described above are mounted on the microfiltration means 84.

As the ceramic filter 20, various types such as a normal cylindrical shape can be used. For example, a commercially available ceramic filter having a length of 500 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and an outer diameter of 85 mm can be used.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the ceramic filter 20 of the present invention has a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) by the joining member 120 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this. .) Are joined by the cover 51 and the jacket 52, extend from the end surface of the jacket 52, and are fixed to the ceramic filter 20, the joining member 120, and the shaft 100 passing through the center of the cover 51, which will be described later. It is screwed (tightened and fixed) by the portion 112 to form a pool water purification filter assembly (hereinafter referred to as a filter unit) 50.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a detailed configuration of the microfiltration means 84 including the ceramic filter 20 in the purification device 10 described above. As shown in FIG. 3, the filter unit 50 is installed in the inner tank 82. A plurality (5 in the example shown) are installed, and are connected and fixed to each other by an elongated thin plate-like connecting member 130.
3 connects the plurality of filter units 50 in the left-right direction, the connection member 130 further connects the plurality of filter units 50 in the front-rear direction. That is, the plurality of filter units are coupled and fixed in the front-rear and left-right directions (horizontal plane direction) by the coupling member 130.

The microfiltration unit 84 includes an air supply port 24, a jet nozzle 26, a water supply pipe 29, a water supply pipe 31, and a discharge port 33 in addition to the filter unit 50 described above.
The microfiltration means 84 is supplied with pool water and filter aid from the water supply pipe 29 during normal operation (liquid filtration). Of course, the discharge port 33 is closed, and the air supply port 24 is opened after a predetermined amount of pool water is stored in the inner casing 83 having the microfiltration means 84 and then closed.

  The filter aid supply device 32 supplies a powdery filter aid and a fibrous filter aid into the inner tank 82 as a filter aid. Examples of the powder filter aid include diatomaceous earth and lime, and examples of the fiber filter aid include pulp fiber and asbestos. The filter aid is put in the inner tank 82 together with the pool water, so that the contact surface of the ceramic filter 20 with the pool water is precoated.

  By using such a filter aid, a release layer composed of a powder filter aid layer that is easy to remove on the outer surface of the ceramic filter 20, and a filter layer composed of a filter aid layer above the line on the upper layer By performing filtration using each of these auxiliary layers, the treatment capacity of the pool water of the microfiltration means 84 can be greatly improved, and the ceramic filter 20 can be easily backwashed.

  The pool water passes through the ceramic filter 20 (filter unit 50) of the microfiltration means 84 in the direction of the solid line arrow, and is filtered and purified by the precoated filter aid and the ceramic filter 20. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the purified water that has been purified passes through the water supply pipe 31 that communicates with the jacket 52, is supplied to the outer tank 80 through the water collection unit 88 and the sterilizer 90, and is irradiated with ultraviolet rays by the ultraviolet lamp 92. It is sterilized and is returned to the pool again through the adsorption purification means 86.

  Further, as shown in detail in FIG. 4, the structure of the fixing portion 112 by the cover 51 and the connecting member 130 of the filter unit 50 is formed with the cover 51 centering on the shaft 100 penetrating the center of the cover 51 and the connecting member 130. A gasket 102 installed so as to be in direct contact with the filter unit 50 and preventing entry of pool water and filter aid before purification into the filter unit 50; a special washer 104 installed to hold down the gasket 102; a special washer 104; At least one disc spring 106 (three in the illustrated example) installed between the connecting member 130, the washer 108 installed on the connecting member 130, and the shaft 100 being threaded. The nut 1 that fixes the filter unit 50 and the connecting member 130 with respect to the shaft 100 as a reference. 0 (in the illustrated example, it has a double-nut to prevent loosening.) And constituted by.

The shaft 100 is preferably a metal shaft that can withstand tension and the like, and the connecting member 130, the coupling member 120, the cover 51, and the jacket 52 are also preferably made of metal that is not easily broken.
The gasket 102 is preferably a flexible member such as hard rubber that deforms under pressure, and the special washer 104 is preferably made of a metal that deforms the gasket 102 and is not easily broken by pressing.
Further, the disc spring 106 is not limited to the disc spring, and instead, an elastic body such as a compression coil spring may be used.

Since the filter unit 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention is tightened and fixed by applying torque to the nut 110 in the above-described configuration, the through hole of the shaft 100 in the cover 51 and the gap between the shaft 100 and the gasket 102 are used. Are sealed by the gasket 102 that has been pressed and deformed, and there are gaps in the joint between the cover 51 and the ceramic filter 20, the joint between the ceramic filter 20 and the joint member 120, and the joint between the ceramic filter 20 and the jacket 52. Since it is sealed, the pool water (unpurified liquid) and filter aid before purification are prevented from entering the filter unit 50 during pool water purification, and the cleaning liquid and air from the filter unit 50 during ceramic filter backwashing. Can prevent leakage.
Note that the metal members such as the cover 51, the jacket 52, the joining member 120, the shaft 100, and the like may be preliminarily processed with Teflon so that the gap at the joint portion is more sealed.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the special washer 104 has a shape in which an inner hole is a combination of a truncated cone and a cylinder, and is installed together with the gasket 102 described above. When a predetermined pressure is applied, the deformation of the gasket 102 is absorbed by the frustum-shaped inner hole, as shown in FIG. Since the through hole 51 is more reliably closed, the infiltration of the pool water (unpurified liquid) and the filter aid before purification into the filter unit 50 can be prevented more effectively for a longer period.

Moreover, Preferably, the cylinder which has the outer peripheral surface which contacts the pool water before purification | cleaning and the inner peripheral surface which limits the central through-hole through which pool water is disclosed by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 5-253451 by this applicant A ceramic filter having a plurality of through holes in which a liquid after purification flows in the axial direction in a thick portion between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body may be used.
By using this ceramic filter, it is possible to achieve both an excellent processing capability and a significant downsizing of the precision filtering means 84, and it is possible to realize a high-performance and compact purification device 10.
The above is the configuration of the microfiltration means 84 of the purification device 10 and the basic operation during normal operation (at the time of liquid filtration).

<Backwash device>
Not only the ceramic filter 20 of the present invention but a general ceramic filter is clogged if it is used for a predetermined time, and its purification efficiency decreases.
Also in the present invention, if the pool water is continuously filtered by the ceramic filter 20, the filter cake accumulates on the outer surface of the ceramic filter 20 and closes extremely fine holes of the ceramic filter 20. In such a state, not only is the filtration efficiency lowered, but in the worst case, it becomes necessary to replace the expensive ceramic filter 20.
Therefore, in order to maintain the purification efficiency, it is necessary to remove the filter cake deposited on the outer surface at regular intervals and clean the ceramic filter 20.

As shown by the dotted line arrows in FIG. 3, the cleaning of the ceramic filter 20 (that is, the filter unit 50) is a jet water flow that is a so-called gas-liquid two-phase flow in which the cleaning liquid and air are mixed and ejected at a high speed. Is performed by backwashing by spraying the water supply pipe 31 from the inner surface to the outer surface of the ceramic filter 20 on the opposite side.
In addition to the above-described backwashing, a jet water stream may be sprayed from the jet nozzle 26 to the outer surface of the ceramic filter 20. Thereby, the filter cake deposited on the outer surface of the ceramic filter 20 can be more effectively removed.

In addition, the structure of the fixing | fixed part 112 of the filter unit 50 shown in above-mentioned FIGS. 4-6 is useful for performing backwashing more effectively.
In particular, the special washer 104 and the gasket 102 deformed thereby, as shown in detail in FIGS. 5 and 6, as described above, more effectively seal the gap between the cover 51 and the shaft 100. The cleaning liquid and air at the time of backwashing do not escape from the gap of the filter unit 50, and effective backwashing can be performed while maintaining a high pressure. Similarly, the above-described configuration such as Teflon processing is useful for effective backwashing.

In addition, as a guideline for backwashing the ceramic filter 20, is the pressure difference between the inside of the filter unit 50 and the outside (that is, the inner tank 82 in which the filter unit 50 is installed) exceeded 0.03 MPa during purification? It is empirically known that it is better to judge based on whether or not. This is because when the differential pressure exceeds 0.03 MPa and is in the vicinity of 0.04 MPa, the transparency of the pool water after cleaning is extremely lowered.
Therefore, a water pressure gauge (water pressure detecting means in the present invention) is installed in the inner tank 82 and the plurality of filter units 50 to always detect the water pressure in the inner tank 82 and the water pressure in the plurality of filter units 50. Further, a differential pressure calculating means may be provided so that the differential pressure can be confirmed based on the water pressure. The operator can backwash the ceramic filter 20 at an appropriate time based on the calculated differential pressure. As the water pressure gauge, various known water pressure gauges can be used.

  As described above, in order to back-wash the ceramic filter 20, the purification device 10 of the present invention is mixed with water and air and jetted at a high speed in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow as described above. A backwash device 28 for backwashing the ceramic filter 20 is provided.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a detailed configuration of the backwash device 28 provided in the purification device 10 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the backwash device 28 includes a cleaning liquid supply source 54, a cleaning liquid supply means (backwash pump) 56, a high-pressure air supply means 60, and a mixing means 62. Between them, electromagnetic valves 61, 64 and 72 are provided.
The purification device 10 described above also includes a backwash device 30, but both the backwash device 28 and the backwash device 30 have the same function, and thus the backwash device 28 of the microfiltration device 21 is provided. The description of the backwash device 30 will be omitted.

  The backwashing device 28 also includes a selection unit 76 that selects the filter unit 50 that performs backwashing from among the plurality of filter units 50 provided in the microfiltration means 84, the selection unit 76, and the backwash pump 56 described above. And a high pressure air supply means 60 and a solenoid valve connected to the electromagnetic valve and receiving the selection of the selection section 76 to control the backwash pump 56, the high pressure air supply means 60, and the operation of the electromagnetic valve. .

In addition to the electromagnetic valves 61, 64, and 72 described above, the electromagnetic valves include electromagnetic valves 84a, 86a, and 90a shown in at least one of FIGS. 2 and 3, and an electromagnetic that operates during backwashing described later. There are valves 35 and 84b.
Each electromagnetic valve is individually controlled by the control unit 74 shown in FIG. 3, and is automatically opened and closed. Of course, the electromagnetic valve may be manually opened and closed. Although there are a plurality of electromagnetic valves 35, 84b, 86a, 90a, it is of course possible to individually control opening and closing one by one.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the backwash device 28 supplies a cleaning liquid supply source 54 filled with a cleaning liquid, a backwash pump 56 that supplies the cleaning liquid filled in the cleaning liquid supply source 54, and high-pressure air used for backwashing. The high pressure air supply means 60, the cleaning liquid supplied by the backwash pump 56 and the high pressure air supplied by the high pressure air supply means 60 are mixed on the downstream side of the high pressure air supply means 60. , A mixing means 62 for generating a jet water flow, and a backwash pipe 70 for supplying the jet water flow generated by the mixing means 62 to the ceramic filter 20 in the direction opposite to the filtration direction.

  The cleaning liquid supply source 54 is filled with a cleaning liquid forming a jet water flow, and various ordinary tanks can be used. In addition, there is no limitation in particular in the washing | cleaning liquid applied to washing | cleaning of the purification apparatus of this invention, According to the intended purpose of the filtration system to apply, such as pool water, normal water, tap water, and the alkali with a washing | cleaning effect It may be water containing a small amount of detergent such as various cleaning liquids.

  The backwash pump 56 may be any water pump as long as it provides energy for allowing the cleaning liquid to flow into the purification device 10 described above. Of course, it is preferable that the flow rate and cleaning pressure of the cleaning liquid (jet water flow) when the ceramic filter 10 is back-washed are high.

  The high-pressure air supply means 60 supplies air to the mixing means 62 in order to mix the cleaning liquid and air to form a gas-liquid two-phase jet water flow. As the high-pressure air supply means 60 applied to the present invention, any of high-pressure air supply means such as various compressors and air cylinders that can supply air of sufficient amount and pressure to the mixing means 62 can be applied. There is no particular limitation. In addition, in order to supply high pressure air more stably, you may have a reserve tank etc. which can be filled with high pressure compressed air.

Moreover, the backwashing means 28 of the present invention has a filter breakage prevention function (not shown). The filter breakage prevention function (not shown) here refers to the backwash pump of the aforementioned control unit 74 that stops supplying air at the beginning of backwashing and supplies air after supplying cleaning liquid into the filter unit 50. 56, a control function of the high-pressure air supply means 60 and the electromagnetic valve. The above-described control unit 74 controls the various means and the electromagnetic valve so as to always supply the cleaning liquid to the filter unit 50 first and then supply the gas-liquid two-phase jet water flow.
When air is supplied for the first time (when air and cleaning liquid are supplied simultaneously), air having a lighter mass than the cleaning liquid enters the filter unit 50 first, and the ceramic filter 20 is subjected to pressure by the air and vibration when passing through the ceramic filter. It is because there is a possibility of damaging.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the high pressure air supply means 60 of the backwash device 28 is controlled so as to alternately repeat the supply stop and supply of air as shown in the graph of FIG. This is because in the initial air supply, air enters the fine gaps of the ceramic filter 20, and the fine gaps of the ceramic filter 20 are cut off by these airs, and the pressure inside the ceramic filter 20 rises due to this cut-off. This is because the backwashing of the ceramic filter 20 is performed vigorously by the subsequent supply of the cleaning liquid, the second air supply, and the third air supply.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, by repeatedly stopping and supplying the high-pressure air at regular intervals, it is possible to always backwash the ceramic filter 20 in which the shutoff pressure of the backwash pump 56 is effective.
In addition, it is preferable to perform the timing of repetition of stopping and supplying high-pressure air at intervals of about 2 seconds. It has been empirically found that the ceramic filter 20 can be backwashed efficiently by stopping and supplying the high-pressure air at intervals of about 2 seconds.

  Further, the backwash device 28 includes a selection unit 76 that can select the filter unit 50 that performs backwashing from among the plurality of filter units 50.

Further, the selection unit 76 may be any interface. For example, alphabets or numbers (for example, FIG. 3, A to E) are previously assigned to the plurality of filter units 50 arranged in the microfiltration unit 84. The corresponding number or the like is input (selected) by the selecting unit 76 by an input means (not shown) attached to the selecting unit 76 such as a keyboard, so that the control unit 74 is instructed to backwash the corresponding filter unit 50. It may be done. Further, the selection unit 76 may include a display unit (not shown), and the arrangement of the filter unit 50 selected by the display unit and the backwash status (backwash history, etc.) may be confirmed.
Further, the selection unit 76 may include an automatic backwashing unit 78 therein, and the selection unit 76 may be able to select whether to perform backwashing manually or automatically.

It should be noted that the state of backwashing of the filter unit 50 can be confirmed by display means (not shown), as described above, and the water pressure in the inner tank 82, the water pressure in the filter unit 50, and the difference between them during normal liquid purification. The pressure may be confirmed.
As described above, by confirming these differential pressures, the operator can back-wash the filter unit 50 (ceramic filter 20) at an appropriate time.

In order to clean the filter unit 50 selected by the selection unit 76, the control unit 74 described above receives an instruction from the selection unit 76, the backwash pump 56, the high-pressure air supply means 60, and the electromagnetic valves 35 and 61. , 64, 72, 84a, 84b, 86a, 90a are individually controlled to perform backwashing. Details of the operation during backwashing will be described later. As described above, although there are a plurality of electromagnetic valves 35, 84b, 86a, and 90a, the opening and closing are individually controlled one by one.
Further, the automatic backwashing means 78 described above may control the selection unit 76 so as to backwash the filter units 50 in order (for example, alphabetical order or number order).

  The backwash device 28 includes mixing means 62. The mixing means 62 mixes the cleaning liquid and air supplied as described above to form a gas-liquid two-phase jet water flow.

FIG. 9A schematically shows a cross-sectional view of the mixing means 62 in the traveling direction of the cleaning liquid, and FIG. 9B schematically shows a cross-sectional view in the vertical direction (line IX-IX).
The mixing means 62 shown in FIG. 9 has a cylindrical shape, and has a cleaning liquid inlet 65, an air inlet 66, and a jet water outlet 67 formed.

  The cleaning liquid supplied by the backwash pump 56 flows in through the cleaning liquid inlet 65 and proceeds through the through hole 69 in the direction of the arrow x. On the other hand, the high-pressure air from the high-pressure air supply means 60 is supplied from the air inlet 66 as indicated by the arrow y and passes through the cylindrical space 71 formed so as to fit the through-hole 69. From eight nozzles 73 formed so as to surround 69, the nozzles are injected into the through holes 69 in the direction of the arrows.

  Therefore, in the mixing means 62 in the illustrated example, the cleaning liquid and the high-pressure air are mixed by injecting the high-pressure air into the cleaning liquid from the outer peripheral portion in the vicinity of the intermediate portion in the direction of the arrow x in the through hole 69. A jet water stream composed of phases is formed and discharged from the discharge port 67 and injected into the filter unit 50.

Various directions can be applied to the injection direction of the high-pressure air into the through hole 69 other than the arrow direction shown in FIG. 9. However, as described above, in order to perform good cleaning, it is preferable that the flow velocity and the cleaning pressure of the jet water flow are high. Therefore, at least the direction that does not obstruct the progress of the cleaning liquid, that is, the direction of the arrow x that is the direction of the cleaning liquid. The same direction is preferable.
For the same reason, when the air injection direction is substantially the same as the arrow x direction, the air injected into the through hole 69 is injected at an injection pressure that can accelerate the speed of the cleaning liquid. Preferably it is done.

FIG. 10 (a) shows another embodiment of the mixing means applied to the present invention, and FIG. 10 (b) shows a sectional view taken along line XX.
The mixing means 62 shown in FIG. 9 (a) injects high-pressure air from the circumferential direction of the through hole 69, that is, from the outer peripheral portion with respect to the flow of the cleaning liquid, but is shown in FIG. 10 (a). The mixing means 162 is configured to inject high-pressure air from the inside of the cleaning liquid in the same direction as the flow to form a jet water flow.

The mixing means 162 shown in FIG. 10 (a) has a basically cylindrical shape like the mixing means 62 described above, and has a cleaning liquid inlet 165, an air inlet 166, and a formed jet. A water flow outlet 167.
In the mixing means 162, the cleaning liquid supplied by the backwash pump 56 flows from the cleaning liquid inlet 165 and travels through the through hole 169 in the direction of the arrow x. On the other hand, the high-pressure air from the high-pressure air supply means 60 is supplied from the air inlet 166 as shown by the arrow y, and the through-hole 169 and the center line coincide with each other, that is, in the same direction as the flow of the cleaning liquid. A jet water flow is formed by being injected into the through-hole 169 from the nozzle 75 that injects high-pressure air, and is supplied into the filter unit 50 from the discharge port 167.

Here, in the mixing means 162 as well as the mixing means 62 described above, in order to improve the cleaning effect, the air injected into the through-hole 169 is at a pressure capable of accelerating the speed of the cleaning liquid. Preferably it is injected.
The mixing means for cleaning liquid and air applied to the present invention is not limited to the mixing means 62 and 162 in the illustrated example, and any of various known gas-liquid mixing means can be applied.

Basically, according to the cleaning apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration, mixing is performed using the cleaning liquid supplied from the cleaning liquid pump 56 drawn out to the maximum and the high-pressure air supplied from the high-pressure air supply means 60. A jet water flow is formed by the means 62 (162). Therefore, as shown by the dotted arrows in FIG. 3, a jet water flow having a sufficient cleaning pressure can be continuously supplied, and a large-sized or a large number of air tanks for filling a large amount of conventional high-pressure air or cleaning liquid. Even without using a washing tank, the ceramic filter 20 can be washed well and reliably.
For the same reason, both the cleaning liquid and the high-pressure air can be used in a smaller amount than in the conventional case, so that the running cost of the filtration system can be greatly reduced.

In the above example, only the high-pressure air is mixed with the cleaning liquid sent from the backwash pump 56 in the mixing means 62 (162), but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, As shown in FIG. 8, a second cleaning liquid supply source 93 and a second cleaning liquid supply means (backwash pump) 94 are provided together with the high pressure air supply means 60 to supply high pressure air from the high pressure air supply means 60, The cleaning liquid is supplied by the backwash pump 94, and a jet water stream that is a two-phase flow in which air and the cleaning liquid are mixed in advance is jetted to the mixing means 62 (162) and mixed with the cleaning liquid sent by the backwash pump 56 Good.
The above is the backwash device 28 in the liquid purification apparatus 10 of the present invention.

Next, the operation of backwashing in the liquid purification apparatus 10 of the present invention will be briefly described.
When the predetermined filter unit 50 is backwashed, first, the selection unit 76 of the backwashing device 28 selects a predetermined filter unit 50 from among the plurality of filter units 50 (for example, A to E in FIG. 3). Selected. The number of the predetermined filter unit 50 selected may be one or plural. When the filter unit 50 to be backwashed is specified, the control unit 74 opens the electromagnetic valve 61 and drives the backwash pump 56 to supply cleaning liquid, and further closes the electromagnetic valves 72 and 84b. Further, the electromagnetic valves 35 and 84a are opened. The electromagnetic valve 35 to be released is a predetermined electromagnetic valve 35 that is directly connected to the selected predetermined filter unit 50. The other electromagnetic valves 35 are of course closed. This is because the selected predetermined filter unit 50 is washed at a high pressure.

Next, the controller 78 opens the electromagnetic valve 72 of the high-pressure air supply means 60 after confirming that the cleaning liquid is supplied into the selected predetermined filter unit 50 and the supply pressure of the backwash pump 56 is increased. High-pressure air is supplied to the mixing means 62, a gas-liquid two-phase jet water flow is formed by the mixing means 62, and this is injected into the selected predetermined filter unit 50. At this time, as described above, the electromagnetic valve 84b is closed to prevent backflow.
The increase in the supply pressure by the backwash pump 56 can be confirmed by the load applied to the backwash pump 56.

  The jet water flow injected into the filter unit 50 permeates from the inner surface to the outer surface of the ceramic filter 20 as shown by the dotted arrows in FIG. 3, and drops the filter cake etc. from the outer surface of the ceramic filter 20 together with these. It is discharged from the discharge port 33 to the outside.

  As described above, the supply of high-pressure air from the high-pressure air supply means 60 is controlled by the control unit 78 as shown in FIG. 8, so that the backwash device 28 can jet the jet filter without damaging the ceramic filter 20. The pressure of the water flow can be utilized most effectively, and the filter cake adhering to the outer surface of the ceramic filter 20 can be better removed.

  Further, the automatic backwashing means 78 described above selects the ceramic filter 20 to be backwashed in order (for example, the order of A to E in FIG. 3) in the selection unit 76. By sequentially selecting ceramic filters to be backwashed by the selection unit 76, the ceramic filters 20 are backwashed sequentially, and all the ceramic filters 20 are automatically backwashed.

Note that the number of filter units 50 that perform backwashing at a time may not be one. The selection unit 76 can select a plurality of filter units 50 at a time, and the control unit 74 opens the electromagnetic valves of the plurality of filter units 50 at a time to backwash the plurality of filter units 50 at a time. can do. Of course, when backwashing is performed on the plurality of filter units 50, the supply amount of the cleaning liquid and high-pressure air per filter unit 50 is reduced accordingly, and the effect of backwashing is also reduced.
The above is the operation of the backwash device 28 in the liquid purification device 10 of the present invention.

  The liquid purification device of the present invention has been described in detail with a focus on backwashing devices. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. And changes may be made.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Pool water purification apparatus 10a Apparatus main body 12 Pool 14 Overflow tank 16a, 16b Pre filter 18a, 18b Pump 20 Porous ceramic filter (ceramic filter)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Microfiltration apparatus 22 Ultrafiltration apparatus 24 Air supply port 26 Jet nozzle 28, 30 Backwash apparatus 29 Water supply pipe 31 Water supply pipe 32 Filter aid supply apparatus 33 Outlet 34 Slurry pump 50 Pool water purification filter assembly (filter unit)
51 Cover 52 Jacket 54, 93 Cleaning liquid supply source 56, 94 Cleaning liquid supply means (back cleaning pump)
60 High-pressure air supply means 62, 162 Mixing means 35, 61, 64, 72, 84a, 84b, 86a, 90a Electromagnetic valve 65, 165 Cleaning liquid inlet 66, 166 Air inlet 67, 167 Discharge port 69, 169 Through hole 70 Backwash pipe 71 Cylindrical space 73, 75 Nozzle 74 Control unit 76 Selection unit 78 Automatic backwashing means 80 Outer tank 81 Outer tank casing 82 Inner tank (liquid septic tank)
83 Inner tank casing (partition wall)
84 Microfiltration means 86 Adsorption purification means 88 Water collecting part 90 Sterilizer 92 UV lamp 100 Shaft 102 Gasket 104 Special washer 106 Belleville spring 108 Washer 110 Nut 112 Fixing part 120 Joining member 130 Connecting member

Claims (9)

A liquid purification apparatus comprising a liquid purification tank, and performing liquid filtration using at least one cylindrical porous ceramic filter installed in the liquid purification tank,
Having means for backwashing the porous ceramic filter;
The backwashing means includes
Cleaning liquid supply means for supplying the cleaning liquid;
High-pressure air supply means for supplying high-pressure air to the cleaning liquid;
A mixing means disposed downstream of the cleaning liquid supply means and the high pressure air supply means, and mixing the cleaning liquid and the high pressure air into a gas-liquid two-phase flow;
A backwash pipe for supplying the gas-liquid two-phase flow generated by the cleaning liquid supplied from the cleaning liquid supply means or the mixing means to the porous ceramic filter in a direction opposite to the filtration direction;
A controller that controls each of the cleaning liquid supply means and the high-pressure air supply means,
At the time of backwashing, the control unit controls the high-pressure air supply means to supply the high-pressure air at regular intervals, and causes the gas-liquid two-phase flow to flow in the direction opposite to the filtration direction from the backwash pipe. A liquid purification apparatus for backwashing the porous ceramic filter by supplying it at regular intervals . The liquid septic tank, Bei example a plurality of filter units which are formed by the porous ceramic filter,
The filter unit is installed on the lower surface or the upper surface of the liquid purification tank, communicates with a water supply pipe for supplying the liquid purified by the porous ceramic filter, and forms a jacket that forms one end of the filter unit;
A single shaft extending from the end face of the jacket and passing through the center of the filter unit;
A plurality of the porous ceramic filters installed on the end face side of the jacket;
At least one joining member for joining the porous ceramic filters;
A cover installed on the porous ceramics filter and formed to cover the other end of the filter unit;
A fixing portion for fixing the shaft and the cover ;
The cover of the filter unit has a through-hole through which the shaft passes in the center,
The fixing part is
A gasket that passes through the through-hole of the cover and projects through the shaft protruding from the cover, and is directly installed on the cover;
A washer having an inner hole that is formed by coupling a cylinder and a truncated cone having an upper end at one end surface of the cylinder, which is penetrated by the shaft and used to overlap the gasket ;
Wherein the through-shaft, is placed overlapping the previous SL washer to the washer so as to press, at least one disc spring,
A connecting member that connects the plurality of filter units, which is penetrated by the shaft and installed on the disc spring;
A nut penetrating the shaft, overlaid on the connecting member, and fitted to a threaded portion of the shaft;
The nut is clamped and fixed to the shaft to press and fix the connecting member, at least one of the disc springs, the washer, the gasket, and the cover in the jacket direction,
The washer is installed so that the gasket contacts the frustoconical inner hole side of the washer, and is pressed against the gasket side by tightening and fixing the nut, thereby deforming the gasket,
The gasket bites into a gap between the frustoconical inner holes of the washer to close a gap between the through hole of the cover and the shaft, and before filtering into the filter unit during filtration. The liquid purifier according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid and the filter aid are prevented from entering, and leakage of the cleaning liquid and the high-pressure air is prevented during backwashing . Water pressure detecting means for detecting the water pressure in the liquid septic tank and the water pressure in the filter unit;
3. The liquid purification apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising: a differential pressure calculation unit that calculates a differential pressure between the detected water pressure in the liquid purification tank and the water pressure in the filter unit. 4. The liquid purification according to claim 3 , wherein the back washing of the porous ceramic filter by the back washing means is performed based on the differential pressure, and the reference differential pressure is 0.03 MPa. apparatus. At the time of backwashing, the control unit first supplies the cleaning liquid to the porous ceramics filter from the backwash pipe by controlling the cleaning liquid supply means and the high-pressure air supply means, and then liquid purifier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that to supply the gas-liquid two-phase flow. Wherein a constant distance, fluid purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a 2-second intervals. Before Kigyakuarai means,
A plurality of electromagnetic valves installed at each of the connection points between the plurality of porous ceramic filters and the backwash pipe;
Among the plurality of porous ceramic filters, comprising a selection means for selecting a porous ceramic filter for backwashing,
Wherein, in addition to the said cleaning fluid supply means and the high pressure air supply means, on the basis of the selection means according to any of one to 6, characterized in that individually controls opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve Liquid purification device. The selecting means is capable of selecting a plurality of porous ceramic filters at a time,
The liquid purifier according to claim 7 , wherein the backwashing means can wash a plurality of porous ceramic filters at a time. Further, the backwashing means includes automatic backwashing means,
The liquid purifier according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein the automatic back washing means cleans all the porous ceramic filters in order by operating the selection means and the control unit.

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