JP4987823B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4987823B2 JP4987823B2 JP2008221534A JP2008221534A JP4987823B2 JP 4987823 B2 JP4987823 B2 JP 4987823B2 JP 2008221534 A JP2008221534 A JP 2008221534A JP 2008221534 A JP2008221534 A JP 2008221534A JP 4987823 B2 JP4987823 B2 JP 4987823B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- semiconductor substrate
- bump
- solder bump
- grain boundary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 72
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 65
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910008433 SnCU Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007637 SnAg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Sn] PQIJHIWFHSVPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMGRVUWRBBPOSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ni].[Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ni].[Ag].[Sn] WMGRVUWRBBPOSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000969 tin-silver-copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
実施の形態1では、半田バンプの材料の1つとなるCu(銅)膜をめっき法により形成する場合の半導体装置及びその製造方法について説明する。以下、図面を用いて、実施の形態1について説明する。
スパッタ法で形成された下地膜となるCu膜240の結晶方向が膜内でばらつくと、後述するCuめっき工程(S112)においてめっきの結晶方向が異なることによる密度の差により、図3(a)に示すように、めっきされるCuの膜厚にばらつきが生じ、めっき後の形状が凹凸になってしまう。Cuめっきの場合、基本的には、下地膜となるCu膜240の結晶性に追従してエピタキシャル成長をする。このとき、最も密度の高い(111)配向面(平面を上から見て)方向に成長する場合は、(200)配向に比べて膜厚が薄くなる。CuめっきはCu2+イオン1個に対し電子2個の交換となるので、電流の積分値の2倍とCuの原子数が一致する。但し、厳密には、めっき効率があり、通常Cuめっきの場合99%以上の効率があり、この場合には、200個の電子に対し99個以上のCu原子がめっきされることになる。
例えば、4Nグレード(99.99%以上の純度)のCuターゲットを用いたスパッタ法で成膜した場合、このときのCu膜の平均粒径は5μmであった。発明者の実験によれば、6Nグレード(99.9999%以上の純度)を用いたスパッタ法では、結晶の成長が起こりやすく、そのため平均粒径が大きくなりやすく、結果として、結晶サイズを平均が10μm以下になるように制御することが困難であった。これに対し、5Nグレード(99.999%以上の純度)を用いたスパッタ法では、結晶サイズを平均が10μm以下になるように制御することが可能であった。よって、スパッタ法では、5Nグレード(99.999%以上の純度)以下の純度のCuターゲットを用いることで結晶サイズを平均が10μm以下になるように制御することができる。ここでは、容易に平均粒径の増大を抑えることができる4NグレードのCuターゲットを用いた。
一般に、スパッタ法で膜を形成する際には、基板を冷却しながら膜を形成する場合が多い。少なくとも冷媒等が流されている静電チャックで基板を保持した状態で膜を形成している。静電チャックで基板を保持するとチャック面(保持面)が吸着されてチャック面全面がチャック部材に接触しているので基板が冷却されやすい。また、スパッタ法では、通常、大気圧より低い圧力(真空)状態で膜を形成するため基板からの放熱はしにくく、熱交換はほとんどがチャック部材との間で行われることになる。そこで、実施の形態1では、静電チャックをOFFの状態、すなわち、静電チャック機構を動作させずに単にチャック部材に基板を載せただけの状態でCu膜240を形成する。かかる場合には、基板のチャック部材側の面は厳密には平面ではないのでチャック部材と基板とは点或いは線接触しているに過ぎない。このように点或いは線接触では熱交換が少ないため実質的に無冷却の状態でCu膜240を形成することができる。或いは、静電チャックに冷媒を流さずにCu膜240を形成しても好適である。或いは、その両方を実施した状態でCu膜240を形成しても好適である。このように、無冷却の状態でCu膜240を形成することでCu膜240の結晶方位が(111)配向となる結晶がより多く含まれるようにすることができる。
UBM層の結晶サイズや結晶方向の制御を特に行っていない従来の製法で製造された半田バンプ271では、図6(a)に示すように、半導体基板200側との接続箇所の端部320から側面部110までにおける外周面から半田バンプ271の径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上に延びる結晶粒界が形成されてしまう。図6(a)では、半田バンプ271と半導体基板200側との接続箇所の端部320から延びる結晶粒界330が示されている。また、側面部110における外周面のある位置322から延びる結晶粒界332が示されている。また、側面部110における外周面のある位置324から延びる結晶粒界334が示されている。結晶粒界330,332,334は、いずれも半田バンプ271の径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上に延びており、バンプクラックを引き起こす原因となる。フリップチップ接続後には、領域120に示す部分はパッケージ側の半田バンプと接続されてしまうため、露出した状態にはならないが、フリップチップ接続後にも露出した状態となる端部320から側面部110までにおける外周面から結晶粒界が延びるとそこを起点として亀裂が入りバンプクラックを引き起こす。特に、端部320付近は、熱変化による伸縮により応力集中が起こり、バンプクラックを引き起こしやすい箇所である。その際、バンプクラックが径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上に延びると半田バンプ271の抵抗が1.33倍に上昇し、半導体業界で一般に許容される許容限界を超えてしまう。端部320から側面部110までにおける外周面から結晶粒界が径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上に延びると、バンプクラックが生じた場合に径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上まで伝播してしまうので、製造段階でこのような径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上の結晶粒界を形成させないことが重要となる。
これに対し、実施の形態1における製造方法で製造された半田バンプ270では、図6(b)に示すように、半導体基板200側との接続箇所の端部112から側面部110までにおける外周面から半田バンプ270の径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上に延びる結晶粒界が形成されない。これは、Cu膜260表面の凹凸を無くし、Cu膜260とSn膜262とを共に(111)配向にそろえたことにより、半田バンプ270の結晶粒界280の方向が半導体基板200面に略垂直な方向である略縦方向にそろったためである。なお、側面部110は、半導体基板200とパッケージ側の基板が接続した際に、半導体基板200側との接続箇所と領域120で示すパッケージ基板側との接続箇所とのいずれからも外れる半田バンプ270の外周面である。
従来の製法で製造された半田バンプ271では、図8(a)に示すように、フリップチップ接続後において、半導体基板200側との接続箇所の端部320から側面部110までにおける外周面から半田バンプ271の径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上に延びる結晶粒界が形成されてしまう。図8(a)では、半田バンプ271と半導体基板200側との接続箇所の端部320から延びる結晶粒界330が示されている。また、側面部110における外周面のある位置322から延びる結晶粒界332が示されている。また、側面部110における外周面のある位置324から延びる結晶粒界334が示されている。結晶粒界330,332,334は、いずれも半田バンプ271の径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上に延びており、バンプクラックを引き起こす原因となる。フリップチップ接続後にも露出した状態となる端部320から側面部110までにおける外周面から結晶粒界が延びると上述したようにそこを起点として亀裂が入りバンプクラックを引き起こす。
これに対し、実施の形態1における製造方法で製造された半田バンプ270では、フリップチップ接続後において、図8(b)に示すように、半導体基板200側との接続箇所の端部112から側面部110までにおける外周面から半田バンプ270の径寸法Dの1/3の長さ以上に延びる結晶粒界が形成されない。これは、Cu膜260表面の凹凸を無くし、Cu膜260とSn膜262とを共に(111)配向にそろえたことにより、フリップチップ接続後においても半田バンプ270の結晶粒界282の方向が半導体基板200面に略垂直な方向である略縦方向にそろったためである。そして、パッケージ基板300側の半田バンプ272でも、フリップチップ接続後においては核となる結晶が半田バンプ270側に存在するため、半田バンプ270の結晶粒界282の方向に追従し、やはり、略縦方向にそろえることができる。
実施の形態1では、下地膜となるCu膜240を形成した後、めっき法によりさらにCu膜260を形成する場合について説明したが、これに限るものではない。実施の形態2では、めっきを行わず、専らスパッタ法にて半田ボールバンプの材料の1つとなるCu膜を形成する場合について説明する。
Claims (3)
- 半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板上に形成され、前記半導体基板側との接続箇所の端部から側面部までにおける外周面から自己の径寸法の1/3の長さ以上に延びる結晶粒界が存在しない半田バンプ部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記側面部は、前記半導体基板と他の基板が接続した際に、前記半導体基板側との接続箇所と前記他の基板側との接続箇所とのいずれからも外れる前記半田バンプ部の外周面であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板と接続する他の基板と、
前記半導体基板と前記他の基板との間に配置され、前記半導体基板側との接続箇所と前記他の基板側との接続箇所から外れた外周面から自己の径寸法の1/3の長さ以上に延びる結晶粒界が存在しない半田バンプ部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする半導体装置。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008221534A JP4987823B2 (ja) | 2008-08-29 | 2008-08-29 | 半導体装置 |
US12/497,371 US8242597B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2009-07-02 | Crystal structure of a solder bump of flip chip semiconductor device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008221534A JP4987823B2 (ja) | 2008-08-29 | 2008-08-29 | 半導体装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2010056394A JP2010056394A (ja) | 2010-03-11 |
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US9524945B2 (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2016-12-20 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Cu pillar bump with L-shaped non-metal sidewall protection structure |
US9067272B2 (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2015-06-30 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Systems and methods for high aspect ratio flip-chip interconnects |
US10128206B2 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2018-11-13 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Conductive pillar structure |
JP5779931B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2015-09-16 | 富士通株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
DE102011083926A1 (de) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schichtverbund aus einer Trägerfolie und einer Schichtanordnung umfassend eine sinterbare Schicht aus mindestens einem Metallpulver und eine Lotschicht |
TWI432613B (zh) * | 2011-11-16 | 2014-04-01 | Univ Nat Chiao Tung | 電鍍沉積之奈米雙晶銅金屬層及其製備方法 |
JP6011074B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-20 | 2016-10-19 | 富士通株式会社 | 電子装置の製造方法及び電子装置の製造装置 |
TWI490962B (zh) * | 2013-02-07 | 2015-07-01 | Univ Nat Chiao Tung | 電性連接結構及其製備方法 |
JP6219227B2 (ja) | 2014-05-12 | 2017-10-25 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | ヒータ給電機構及びステージの温度制御方法 |
US20170110392A1 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Semiconductor package structure and method for manufacturing the same structure |
US9691723B2 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-06-27 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Connector formation methods and packaged semiconductor devices |
DE112017005352T5 (de) * | 2016-10-24 | 2019-09-12 | Jaguar Land Rover Limited | Vorrichtung und verfahren betreffend elektrochemische migration |
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DE69701277T2 (de) * | 1996-12-03 | 2000-08-31 | Lucent Technologies Inc., Murray Hill | Gegenstand mit dispergierten Teilchen enthaltendes feinkörniges Weichlot |
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JP5138248B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-23 | 2013-02-06 | オンセミコンダクター・トレーディング・リミテッド | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
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