JP4948493B2 - Construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a construction machine in which an upper turning body having a working means attached to a lower traveling body is installed so as to be turnable.

  As a construction machine, for example, a hydraulic excavator is configured so that an upper swing body can be pivoted on a crawler traveling lower traveling body, and an operator rides on the upper swing body to operate the machine. A chamber is provided, and work means for performing work such as excavation of earth and sand is provided. A building is provided behind the part where the operator's cab and the working means are provided, and an engine and other various machinery and equipment are stored in the building. Further, a counterweight is provided at the rearmost position of the upper swing body.

  The construction machine having the above-described configuration excavates the earth and sand by operating the working means, and loads the excavated soil on a transport vehicle, specifically, a dump truck, and carries it out from the excavation site. The upper swinging body turns during the excavation and when the excavated soil is put into the dump truck. Here, when the upper revolving unit is swung by accommodating the devices arranged in the building in a compact manner and effectively utilizing the internal space, the rearmost position of the upper revolving unit is What does not protrude from the width dimension of the lower traveling body, that is, a rear small turning machine is generally used.

  When excavating earth and sand, a hydraulic excavator as a construction machine and a dump truck are generally arranged in series. From this state, first, the upper swing body is swung by a predetermined angle to excavate the earth and sand, and then the upper swing body is returned to the original angular position. In this state, the excavating soil is put into the dump truck bed from the position above the dump truck bed. In order to efficiently and easily load the earth and sand, the dump truck is disposed as close to the hydraulic excavator as possible. As described above, in the case of the small rear turning machine, even if the dump truck is arranged at a position very close to the lower traveling body of the hydraulic excavator, there is no possibility of collision or interference between the upper turning body and the dump truck. Therefore, it is not necessary to pay more attention than necessary to the positional relationship between the upper-part turning body and the dump truck in a small rear turning machine having a small turning radius.

As an engine-type construction machine, as shown in Patent Document 1, in recent years, a battery-driven type using a battery as a power source has been put into practical use. Of course, even in an engine-type construction machine, a battery is mounted because various electrical components, a control circuit, sensors provided in each part, a lighting device, and the like are provided. However, this battery is for control purposes. In the case of a battery-type construction machine, each part of the machine is driven by a power source from the battery, that is, it is provided with a drive battery, whereas an engine as a drive source is an engine type Construction machine. Therefore, the operation of the vehicle traveling means, turning means, and working means is performed by a hydraulic actuator including a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic motor. In a battery-type construction machine, a hydraulic pump that drives these hydraulic actuators is a battery. In the case of an engine type that is constituted by a hydraulic motor, it can be directly driven by an electric motor.
JP 2000-273913 A

  By the way, since the construction machine operates under a large load, a battery as a drive source in the battery-type construction machine needs a large capacity and a large size. In general, a battery-type construction machine operates in a daytime cycle and is charged at night. Therefore, it is desirable that electric power that can sufficiently perform daytime work with one charge is stored in the battery. Therefore, in order to enable long-time operation, a large number of large batteries are installed in the upper revolving structure, and in order to secure a space for installing a plurality of large batteries, the volume of the building is reduced. growing.

  For this reason, it is extremely difficult to configure a battery-type construction machine as a small turning machine like an engine-type construction machine. That is, it becomes the structure which a building protrudes back largely. As a result, the turning trajectory of the rearmost part of the upper turning body during turning becomes larger than the width dimension of the lower traveling body. As described above, in the battery-type construction machine, the overhanging portion of the upper swing body toward the rear, specifically, the overhang length of the rear end portion of the counterweight is considerably longer than that of the engine-type construction machine. For this reason, depending on the positional relationship with the transport vehicle, there is a high possibility of collision with the transport vehicle when the upper turning body is swung, and the possibility of causing damage to the construction machine and the transport vehicle increases. Of course, even in an engine-type construction machine, depending on the configuration, the rear end portion of the counterweight may be larger in size than the lower traveling body of the upper swing body.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the object of the present invention is to approach the construction machine when an operation of turning the upper-part turning body is performed during operation of the construction machine. This is to prevent a collision with a transport vehicle or the like arranged at a position.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides a construction machine in which an upper turning body having a working means is rotatably attached to a lower traveling body, and the earth and sand excavated by the working means is loaded on a transport vehicle. The turning radius from the turning center of the upper swing body to the rear end is larger than the distance from the ends of the left and right crawler tracks constituting the lower traveling body to the turning center of the upper swing body, and has a dimensional difference therebetween. The upper turning body is equipped with a distance measuring means for measuring a distance from the transport vehicle positioned in front of the upper swing body, and the transport vehicle is moved by the distance measuring means to the upper turning body. A turning prohibiting means for disabling the turning operation of the upper turning body when it is detected that the upper turning body is close to a predetermined turning limit distance or less, and the upper turning body has a rear of the cab position A building is provided, and a battery for driving is mounted in the cover of the building, and the distance to the transporting vehicle detected by the distance measuring means is from the turning center of the upper turning body to the building. This is characterized in that the turning operation is disabled by the turning prohibiting means when the distance is less than the distance to the rear end of the side cover . Further, the present invention provides a construction machine in which an upper turning body having a working means is attached to a lower traveling body so as to be able to turn, and the earth and sand excavated by the working means are loaded on a transport vehicle. The turning radius to the rear end is larger than the distance from the ends of the left and right crawler belts constituting the lower traveling body to the turning center of the upper turning body, and has a dimensional difference therebetween, the upper turning body Is mounted with a distance measuring means for measuring a distance from the transport vehicle located in front of the upper swing body, and the distance measurement means causes the transport vehicle to have a predetermined turning limit with respect to the upper swing body. It is provided with alarm means for generating an alarm when it is detected that it is close to a distance or less, and the upper swivel body is provided with a building at a position behind the operator's cab, and in the cover of this building Had Battery is mounted, and the distance to the transport vehicle detected by the distance measuring means approaches below the distance from the turning center of the upper turning body to the rear end of the side cover of the building. Sometimes, the alarm is generated.

  The present invention is intended for a construction machine having a configuration in which the rear end portion protrudes to the outside of the crawler belt when the upper-part turning body is turned. Although it is not limited to what mounted the battery as a drive source, unless it is a special thing, it is not necessary to apply about a very small turning machine and a back small turning machine. In other words, in the case of a construction machine whose turning radius is within the range of the crawler track, that is, an ultra-small turning machine or a rear turning machine, even if a transport vehicle such as a dump truck is arranged at a position close to the construction machine. If the upper revolving unit does not interfere with the lower traveling unit, the upper revolving unit does not collide with the upper revolving unit.

The rear part of the upper swing body is provided with a building in which various devices are accommodated, and this building is covered with a cover. A counterweight is installed at the rearmost end. Therefore, if the transport vehicle that disables the turning operation by the turn prohibiting means and the upper turning body are close to the turning limit distance or less, the movement trajectory of the uppermost end of the upper turning body during the turning is transported. It can be determined by whether or not it interferes with the arrangement of the vehicle.

  Various devices are housed in the cover of the building, and the largest device is a battery. The battery is heavy and may function as part of the counterweight. Therefore, the battery is also arranged on the rear side in the building, but is arranged at a position close to the side cover because of its large size. The side cover is generally composed of a relatively thin steel plate. Therefore, when the upper cover turns, if the side cover collides with the platform of the transport vehicle, the side cover is not only damaged, but this side The battery installed inside the cover may be damaged. In order to prevent the battery from being damaged, the rear end portion of the side cover can be positioned so as not to interfere with the transport vehicle when turning upward. As a result, the transport vehicle can be arranged at a position closer to the construction machine, work efficiency can be increased, and fatal damage due to a collision can be prevented.

  From the above, the turning limit distance is set on the basis of the turning radius from the turning center to the rearmost position of the counterweight or on the basis of the distance from the turning center to the rearmost position of the side cover. If it is closer than this distance, it will be in an abnormal approach state. For this reason, in the interval from the construction machine side to the transport vehicle, the turning limit distance is based on the rear end position of the counterweight when the protection of the machine is important, and when the work efficiency of the excavation work is emphasized. Is based on the rearmost position of the side cover closer to it.

  When the distance measuring means determines that the turning distance is less than or equal to the turning limit distance, the turning prohibiting means is unable to turn, but an alarm means for generating an alarm at this time can be provided. This makes it possible for the operator to reliably recognize that the turning operation is disabled due to the operation of the turning prohibiting means. However, when the alarm is performed with an alarm sound, it is desirable to generate an alarm sound for a predetermined time when the turning operation means is operated, instead of always generating the alarm sound.

  If the lower traveling body is driven or the transporting vehicle is moved and the turning limit distance is exceeded, turning prohibition can be immediately released and turning is possible, but the upper turning body can turn. It is also possible to provide a reset means for turning the upper-part turning body only after the operator operates the reset means after the distance is more than the turning limit distance.

  During operation of the construction machine, when the upper turning body is turned, at least the side cover of the upper turning body can prevent a collision with the loading platform or the like of the transport vehicle.

    Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a hydraulic excavator as an example of a construction machine having an upper turning body equipped with working means, and FIG. 3 shows a state where the excavator is loaded on a dump truck 10 as a transport vehicle. Yes.

  In these drawings, the excavator 1 is provided with a lower traveling body 2 having left and right crawler belts 2L, 2R comprising crawler traveling means, and is turned upward via a track frame (not shown) in the lower traveling body 1. The body 3 is provided so as to be capable of turning operation via the turning device 4. The upper swing body 3 has a swing frame 3a. A cab 5 is installed in the swing frame 3a, and working means 6 including a boom 6a, an arm 6b, and a bucket 6c alongside the cab 5 is provided. Is provided. Furthermore, a building 7 is provided at the rear position of the cab 5 and the working means 6, and equipment such as a battery for supplying electric power necessary for driving the entire machine is provided inside the building 7. ing. A counterweight 8 is installed at the rearmost position of the upper swing body 3.

  The working means 6 is for excavating earth and sand, and the earth and sand excavated by the working means 6 is loaded on a dump truck 10 as a transport vehicle as shown in FIG. The dump truck 10 has a loading platform 11 on which earth and sand are loaded. Therefore, the dump truck 10 is in front of the hydraulic excavator 1, and the work is performed in a state where both are arranged in series. That is, in the work area F shown in FIG. 2, earth and sand are excavated, and the excavated earth and sand are put into the loading platform 11 of the dump truck 10.

  For this purpose, the upper revolving unit 3 is swung by the swiveling device 4 so that the working means 6 faces the work area F, the working means 6 is operated, and the soil is excavated by the bucket 6c. Thereafter, the upper turning body 3 is turned and adjusted so that the working means 6 is directed toward the loading platform 11 of the dump truck 10, and then the working means 6 is operated so that the excavated earth and sand are put into the loading platform 11. It will be.

  As described above, to drive the crawler belts 2L and 2R in the lower traveling body 2, to turn the upper turning body 3 by the turning device 4, and to operate the working means 6 including the boom 6a, the arm 6b, and the bucket 6c. A battery is used as a drive source. Therefore, although the battery is accommodated in the building 7, the battery accommodating space in the building 7 becomes large, and the whole building 7 becomes large. That is, the upper revolving body 3 has a pump chamber 20 in which a hydraulic pump is housed together with an electric motor or the like at a position opposite to the cab 5 across the working means 6. The driving battery 21 is provided in the building 7 located on the rear side, and this building 7 is disposed in front of the counterweight 8, and another battery 22 is also provided therein, The battery 22 is a control battery 22.

  Here, in FIG. 4, O is the turning center of the upper swing body 3, B is the rear end position of the counterweight 8, C is the rear end position of the crawler belts 2 </ b> R and 2 </ b> L constituting the lower traveling body 2, and T is the upper part When the boundary position between the building 7 and the counterweight 8 in the revolving structure 3 is set, the rear end position of the upper revolving structure 3 is B, which is larger than the rear end position C of the lower traveling structure 2 by a dimension D. When the turning radius OB of the upper turning body 3 is R1, the turning locus OT at the position T is R2, and the relation of R1> R2 is established. The dump truck 10 is restricted to the tip positions of the crawler belts 2R and 2L of the lower traveling body 2, and cannot be brought closer to the excavator 1 from this position.

  When the dump truck 10 is disposed at a position spaced apart from the lower traveling body 2 by a distance D or more when the upper swing body 3 of the excavator 1 is swung, the upper swing body 3 may collide with the dump truck 10. Absent. Even if the dump truck 10 is brought closer to the excavator 1 by this distance D than (R1-R2), when the upper swing body 3 is turned 180 degrees or more, it will collide with the dump truck 10. Even if the counterweight 8 collides, the side cover of the building 7 does not collide. Therefore, the side cover of the building 7 is not damaged or deformed. When the dump truck 10 is further moved closer to the excavator 1, the side cover portion collides with the loading platform 11 of the dump truck 10 and the like. When the upper revolving unit 3 is swung at a high speed while being at this distance, the side cover is further damaged, and the devices such as the batteries 21 and 22 disposed inside the building 7 are damaged. May end up.

  From the viewpoint of the efficiency of excavation work, it is desirable to place the loading platform 11 of the dump truck 10 as close to the excavator 1 as possible. On the other hand, in order to prevent a collision when the upper swing body 3 turns, the dump truck 10 is moved away from the hydraulic excavator 1 to some extent. That is, with the turning radius R1 as the reference or the radius R2 as the reference, the closest approach position between them is set as the turning limit distance, and when the turning limit distance is not exceeded, measures for prohibiting the turning operation of the upper turning body 3 are taken. Will be. In other words, the dump truck 10, particularly the loading platform 11, is controlled so that it cannot turn unless it is separated from the turning center O of the upper turning body 3 by the radius R 2 or the radius R 1, and this distance is set as the turning limit distance. The turning controller 24 is set.

  For this purpose, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the swing frame 3a of the upper swing body 3 of the excavator 1 is composed of a reflective distance measuring means using ultrasonic waves or the like as a distance measuring means. A distance measuring device 23 is provided. This distance measuring device 23 is disposed at a height position of the loading platform 11 of the dump truck 10 and at a substantially central portion of the upper swing body 3. As shown in FIG. 6, the distance measuring device 23 is connected to a turning controller 24, and a turning operation means 25 including an operation lever is connected to the turning controller 24. Then, based on the operation signal from the turning controller 24, the turning motor control means 26 is operated, and the turning motor 27 is driven. Here, when the operation signal of the turning operation means 25 is input, the turning controller 24 outputs the turning operation signal according to the input value and the turning operation signal even if the operation signal is input. The table A and B are connected to the condition calculator 28.

  Here, a distance measuring device 23 is also connected to the condition calculator 28 in the turning controller 24. Therefore, when a turning operation is performed by the turning operation means 25, either a control signal from the table A or a control signal from the table B is output to the turning motor control means 26 based on the input signal from the distance measuring device 23. It has become so. Therefore, when the table B is selected by the condition calculator 28, the turning motor 27 does not operate and the turning is impossible, and this table B constitutes the turning prohibiting means. In order to make the operator recognize this situation, an alarm device 29 is connected to the condition calculator 28. Further, a reset switch 30 is connected to the condition calculator 28, and once the table B is selected and the turn becomes impossible, the turn disable state is maintained unless the reset switch 30 is pushed. It has become. When the reset switch 30 is pressed, the distance measured by the distance measuring device 23 is input to the condition calculator 28 again.

  With the above configuration, as shown in FIG. 3, the excavating soil is excavated by the working means 6 of the excavator 1 and the excavated soil is put into the loading platform 11 of the dump truck 10. For this purpose, the dump truck 10 is arranged at an optimum position for inserting the excavated soil. The positional relationship between the excavator 1 and the dump truck 10 is most preferably aligned in a substantially straight line as shown in FIG.

  The upper turning body 3 is turned so as to face the work area F, the work means 6 is operated, and the earth and sand are excavated from the work area F. In order to put excavated soil into the loading platform 11 of the dump truck 10 positioned in front of the excavator 1, the upper swing body 3 is swung. That is, the working means 6 is reciprocated between the working area F and the position of the loading platform 11 of the dump truck 10. During this operation, the distance measuring device 23 measures the distance to the rear end of the dump truck 10, specifically to the loading platform 11.

  When it is detected that the distance between the excavator 1 and the dump truck 10 detected by the distance measuring device 23 is equal to or greater than the turning limit distance, this signal is input to the condition calculator 28 in the turning controller 24. When the turning operation means 25 is operated, a turning operation signal corresponding to the table A is output to the turning motor control means 26 to the turning motor control means 26, and the turning motor 27 is activated. As a result, the upper swing body 3 turns at a speed corresponding to the operation amount. On the other hand, when the distance measuring device 23 detects that the distance between the excavator 1 and the dump truck 10 is less than or equal to the turning limit distance, this signal is taken into the condition calculator 28, but the table constituting the turning prohibiting means. Since B is selected, no turning operation signal is output to the turning motor control means 26. For this reason, even if the turning operation means 25 is operated, the turning operation is not performed. When the turning operation means 25 is operated, an alarm signal is input to the alarm device 29 and an alarm sound is generated.

  Thus, when an alarm sound is generated, the operator can recognize that the distance between the excavator 1 and the dump truck 10 is less than or equal to the turning limit distance. Therefore, the lower traveling unit 2 is operated to be separated from the dump truck 10 or the dump truck 10 is instructed to be separated from the excavator 1. Then, when the distance between the excavator 1 and the dump truck 10 becomes equal to or greater than the turning limit distance, the state returns to a state where the turning operation is possible. However, this is not performed automatically, but when the operator confirms that the distance is greater than the turning limit distance and depresses the reset switch 30, it is configured to return to a turnable state. From the viewpoint of operational stability and prevention of malfunction.

It is a front view of a hydraulic excavator as an example of a construction machine. It is a top view of FIG. 1 is a front view of a hydraulic excavator showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 3 with the working means omitted. It is a top view similar to FIG. 4 which shows the state which is performing turning operation | movement. It is a circuit diagram of the control mechanism of turning operation.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydraulic excavator 2 Lower traveling body 2R, 2L Crawler belt 3 Upper revolving body 4 Turning apparatus 5 Driver's cab 6 Working means 7 Building 8 Counterweight 10 Dump truck 11 Loading platform 21 Driving battery 22 Control battery 23 Distance measuring device 20 Turning controller 26 Swing motor control means 27 Swing motor 28 Condition calculator 29 Alarm 30 Limit switch

Claims (4)

In a construction machine in which an upper turning body having a working means is attached to a lower traveling body so as to be able to turn, and the earth and sand excavated by the working means are loaded on a transport vehicle.
The turning radius from the turning center to the rear end of the upper turning body is larger than the distance from the ends of the left and right crawler tracks constituting the lower traveling body to the turning center of the upper turning body, and has a dimensional difference therebetween. Is,
The upper turning body is equipped with a distance measuring means for measuring a distance from the transport vehicle located in front of the upper turning body ,
Turning prohibiting means for disabling the turning operation of the upper turning body when the distance measuring means detects that the transport vehicle is close to a predetermined turning limit distance or less with respect to the upper turning body. equipped with a,
The upper swing body is provided with a building at the rear of the cab, and a drive battery is mounted in the cover of the building, and the distance to the transport vehicle detected by the distance measuring means However, when approaching below the distance from the turning center of the upper turning body to the rear end of the side cover of the building, the turning prohibiting means makes the turning operation impossible. Construction machinery. If it is determined to be equal to or less than the turning limit distance by the distance measuring means, a construction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a structure comprising an alarm means for generating the alarm. When the distance between the upper turning body detected by the distance measuring means and the transporting vehicle is more than the turning limit distance, the turning prohibiting means is used to restore the upper turning body to a possible state. The distance measuring means measures the distance at the time of resetting, and when the transport vehicle is separated beyond the turning limit distance, the upper turning body is restored to a state where it can be turned. The construction machine according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that. In a construction machine in which an upper turning body having a working means is attached to a lower traveling body so as to be able to turn, and the earth and sand excavated by the working means are loaded on a transport vehicle.
The turning radius from the turning center to the rear end of the upper turning body is larger than the distance from the ends of the left and right crawler tracks constituting the lower traveling body to the turning center of the upper turning body, and has a dimensional difference therebetween. Is,
The upper turning body is equipped with a distance measuring means for measuring a distance from the transport vehicle located in front of the upper turning body ,
An alarm means for generating an alarm when the distance measuring means detects that the transport vehicle is close to a predetermined turning limit distance or less with respect to the upper turning body ;
The upper swing body is provided with a building at the rear of the cab, and a drive battery is mounted in the cover of the building, and the distance to the transport vehicle detected by the distance measuring means However, the construction machine is characterized in that the alarm is generated when approaching to a distance equal to or less than a distance from a turning center of the upper turning body to a rear end portion of the side cover of the building .

Images