JP4854037B2 - 燃料改質装置及びその駆動方法、並びに燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料改質装置及びその駆動方法、並びに燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4854037B2 JP4854037B2 JP2008073465A JP2008073465A JP4854037B2 JP 4854037 B2 JP4854037 B2 JP 4854037B2 JP 2008073465 A JP2008073465 A JP 2008073465A JP 2008073465 A JP2008073465 A JP 2008073465A JP 4854037 B2 JP4854037 B2 JP 4854037B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 154
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 151
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 73
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 43
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
前記燃料改質装置において、前記改質反応ユニットは前記改質ガスを排出させる第1改質ガス排出ポートを含み、前記第1改質ガス排出ポートは前記第6セクションと互いに連通されることができる。
11、211、311 第1本体
12 改質触媒
20 酸化反応ユニット
21、121、321 第2本体
22 酸化触媒
30 点火ユニット
31 電気火花発生部
40 ストリーム形成ユニット
41 第1セクション
42 第2セクション
83 第5セクション
92 水性ガス転換触媒
150 蒸発部
151、451 第3本体
153 第3セクション
155 パス部材
260 混合部
261 第4セクション
320 酸化反応ユニット
370 流路部
371 溝
373 第4本体
375 通路
480 燃焼ガス循環部
481 第5本体
490 一酸化炭素低減部
491 第6本体
493 第6セクション
512a、522a、592a 単位触媒
700 燃料電池システム
710 スタック
711 電気発生部
712 膜−電極接合体
716 セパレータ
720 燃料改質装置
750 燃料供給源
770 酸素供給源
771 空気ポンプ
Claims (31)
- 酸化触媒が形成された酸化反応ユニットと、
改質触媒が形成された改質反応ユニットと、
改質装置の初期起動の際に炭化水素系燃料と酸化剤を燃焼させて前記酸化触媒を予熱するための点火ユニットと、
を含み、
前記酸化反応ユニットは、前記改質装置の正常駆動を行う際、前記酸化触媒による前記燃料と酸化剤の酸化反応として熱エネルギーを発生させ、
前記改質反応ユニットは、前記改質装置の正常駆動を行う際、前記熱エネルギーの提供を受けて前記改質触媒による燃料と水蒸気の改質反応として水素を含む改質ガスを発生させ、
前記酸化反応ユニットは、前記酸化触媒を介して両側にそれぞれ形成された第1セクション及び第2セクションを備え、前記第2セクションに前記点火ユニットが位置し、前記第1セクションから前記酸化触媒を通過して前記第2セクションに流れる前記燃料と酸化剤のストリームを形成し、火炎を前記燃料と酸化剤のストリーム方向と反対の方向に拡散させる構造に作られたことを特徴とする、燃料改質装置。 - 前記点火ユニットは、前記第2セクションで前記燃料と酸化剤を電気火花として燃焼させることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 第1本体及び前記第1本体内部に形成された改質触媒を含み、前記改質触媒による炭化水素系燃料と水蒸気の改質反応として水素を含む改質ガスを発生させる改質反応ユニットと、
前記第1本体を覆う第2本体及び前記第1本体と前記第2本体の間に形成された酸化触媒を含み、前記酸化触媒による炭化水素系燃料と酸化剤の酸化反応として熱エネルギーを発生させ、前記熱エネルギーを前記改質反応ユニットに提供する酸化反応ユニットと、
改質装置の初期起動の際に前記酸化触媒を反応開始温度に予熱するために前記燃料と酸化剤を燃焼させて火炎を形成する点火ユニットと、
を含み、
前記酸化反応ユニットは、
前記第2本体の両側端部にそれぞれ連結するように形成され、前記第1本体と前記第2本体の間の領域と互いに連通される第1セクション及び第2セクションを備え、
前記第2セクションに前記点火ユニットが位置し、
前記酸化触媒を通って前記第1セクションから前記第2セクションに流れる前記燃料と酸化剤のストリームを形成し、
前記火炎を前記燃料と酸化剤のストリーム方向と反対の方向に拡散させる構造に作られたことを特徴とする、燃料改質装置。 - 前記第1本体と前記第2本体が導管形態に構成され、前記第1本体が前記第2本体の内部に配置されたことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記改質触媒及び前記酸化触媒は、モノリス型の支持体に触媒物質がコーティング形成されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記改質触媒及び前記酸化触媒は、ペレット形態の単位触媒で作られたことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記第2本体を覆う導管形態の第3本体を有し、前記酸化反応ユニットから熱エネルギーを提供されて水を蒸発させる蒸発部をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記蒸発部は、
前記第3本体によって前記第2本体と前記第3本体の間に形成され、前記第2セクションと互いに連通する第3セクションと、
前記第3セクションに前記第2本体の外周方向に沿ってコイル形態で形成されて前記水を通過させるパス部材と、
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記第2セクションと前記蒸発部の間に別途に形成された第4セクションを備え、
前記第4セクションで前記燃料及び水蒸気を混合する混合部をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記混合部は、前記燃料を前記第4セクションに注入するための燃料注入ポートを含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記蒸発部は、前記第2本体と前記第3本体の間に形成された第3セクションにコイル形態で配置されて水を通過させるパス部材を含み、
前記混合部は、前記燃料を前記第4セクションに注入するための燃料注入ポートを有し、前記第4セクションと前記パス部材が互いに連通することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記蒸発部と前記酸化反応ユニットとの間に形成されて前記混合部で混合された前記燃料と水蒸気を前記改質反応ユニットに供給する流路部をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記流路部は、前記第2本体の外周面に形成された螺旋形の溝と、前記第2本体の外周面を覆う導管形態の第4本体として形成された螺旋形の通路と、を含むことを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記通路は、前記混合部及び前記改質反応ユニットと互いに連通されるように形成されることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記第3本体を覆う導管形態の第5本体を有し、前記第3セクションを経た前記燃料と酸化剤の燃焼ガスを循環させる燃焼ガス循環部をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記燃焼ガス循環部は、前記第5本体によって前記第3本体と前記第5本体の間に形成され、前記第3セクションと互いに連通する第5セクションとして形成されることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記燃焼ガス循環部は、前記燃焼ガスを排出させるための燃焼ガス排出ポートを含むことを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記第5本体を覆う導管形態の第6本体を有して前記改質ガス中に含まれた一酸化炭素の濃度を低減させる一酸化炭素低減部をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記燃焼ガス循環部は、前記燃焼ガスの熱エネルギーを前記一酸化炭素低減部に提供することを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記一酸化炭素低減部は、
前記第6本体によって前記第5本体と前記第6本体の間に形成された第6セクションと、
前記第6セクションに形成されて前記一酸化炭素の水性ガス転換反応を促進させる水性ガス転換触媒と、
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記改質反応ユニットは、前記改質ガスを排出させる第1改質ガス排出ポートを含み、
前記第1改質ガス排出ポートは、前記第6セクションと互いに連通されることを特徴とする、請求項20に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記一酸化炭素低減部は、前記一酸化炭素の濃度が低減された改質ガスを排出させる第2改質ガス排出ポートを含むことを特徴とする、請求項21に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記炭化水素系燃料として常温で気体状態である液化ガスを使用することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記燃料は、メタン、エタン、プロパン及びブタンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする、請求項23に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 請求項5に記載の酸化反応ユニット、改質反応ユニット及び点火ユニットを用いる燃料改質装置の駆動方法であって、
前記改質装置の初期起動の際に前記酸化反応ユニットの酸化触媒を予熱するために、前記第1セクションから前記酸化触媒を通過して前記第2セクションへ流れる燃料と酸化剤のストリームを形成し、
前記点火ユニットを稼動し、
前記第2セクションで前記燃料と酸化剤を前記点火ユニットとして燃焼させて火炎を形成し、
前記火炎が前記燃料と酸化剤のストリーム方向と反対方向へ拡散することを特徴とする、燃料改質装置の駆動方法。 - 前記酸化触媒が250℃以上の温度に予熱された時点で前記点火ユニットの稼動を停止させることを特徴とする、請求項25に記載の燃料改質装置の駆動方法。
- 前記酸化反応ユニットが650〜700℃を維持する時、前記改質装置の正常駆動が行われることを特徴とする、請求項25に記載の燃料改質装置の駆動方法。
- 前記酸化反応ユニットは、前記酸化触媒による前記燃料と酸化剤の酸化反応として熱エネルギーを発生させることを特徴とする、請求項27に記載の燃料改質装置の駆動方法。
- 前記改質装置の正常駆動を行う場合、前記改質反応ユニットは700〜750℃を維持し、燃料と水蒸気の改質反応として改質ガスを発生させることを特徴とする、請求項27に記載の燃料改質装置の駆動方法。
- 水素と酸素の反応によって電気エネルギーを発生させるスタックと、
熱エネルギーによる燃料の触媒反応を通って前記燃料から水素を発生させ、当該水素を前記スタックに供給する燃料改質装置と、
を含み、
前記燃料改質装置は、
酸化触媒が形成された酸化反応ユニットと、
改質触媒が形成された改質反応ユニットと、
前記燃料改質装置の初期起動の時に炭化水素系燃料と酸化剤を燃焼させて前記酸化触媒を予熱するための点火ユニットと、
を含み、
前記酸化反応ユニットは、前記改質装置の正常駆動を行う際、前記酸化触媒による前記燃料と酸化剤の酸化反応として熱エネルギーを発生させ、
前記改質反応ユニットは、前記改質装置の正常駆動を行う際、前記熱エネルギーの提供を受けて前記改質触媒による燃料と水蒸気の改質反応として水素を含む改質ガスを発生させ、
前記酸化反応ユニットは、前記酸化触媒を介して両側にそれぞれ形成された第1セクション及び第2セクションを備え、前記第2セクションに前記点火ユニットが位置し、前記第1セクションから前記酸化触媒を通過して前記第2セクションに流れる前記燃料と酸化剤のストリームを形成し、火炎を前記燃料と酸化剤のストリーム方向と反対の方向に拡散させる構造に作られたことを特徴とする、燃料電池システム。 - 水素と酸素の反応によって電気エネルギーを発生させるスタックと、
熱エネルギーによる燃料の触媒反応を通って前記燃料から水素を発生させ、当該水素を前記電気発生部に供給する燃料改質装置と、
を含み、
前記燃料改質装置は、
第1本体及び前記第1本体内部に形成された改質触媒を含み、前記改質触媒による炭化水素系燃料と水蒸気の改質反応として水素を含む改質ガスを発生させる改質反応ユニットと、
前記第1本体を覆う第2本体及び前記第1本体と前記第2本体の間に形成された酸化触媒を含み、前記酸化触媒による炭化水素系燃料と酸化剤の酸化反応として熱エネルギーを発生させ、前記熱エネルギーを前記改質反応ユニットに提供する酸化反応ユニットと、
改質装置の初期起動の時に前記酸化触媒を反応開始温度に予熱するために前記燃料と酸化剤を燃焼させて火炎を形成する点火ユニットと、
を含み、
前記酸化反応ユニットは、
前記第2本体の両側端部にそれぞれ連結するように形成され、前記第1本体と前記第2本体の間の領域と互いに連通される第1セクション及び第2セクションを備え、
前記第2セクションに前記点火ユニットが位置し、
前記酸化触媒を通って前記第1セクションから前記第2セクションに流れる前記燃料と酸化剤のストリームを形成し、
前記火炎を前記燃料と酸化剤のストリーム方向と反対の方向に拡散させる構造に作られたことを特徴とする、燃料電池システム。
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JP2005213133A (ja) | 2004-02-02 | 2005-08-11 | Nippon Oil Corp | 改質器および燃料電池システム |
JP2005239525A (ja) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-08 | T Rad Co Ltd | 水蒸気改質装置 |
KR101030042B1 (ko) * | 2004-06-07 | 2011-04-20 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템의 개질기 및 이를 채용한 연료 전지시스템 |
KR100551036B1 (ko) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-02-13 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템의 개질기 및 이를 채용한 연료 전지시스템 |
KR100570697B1 (ko) | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템 및 이에 사용되는 개질기 |
KR20060102132A (ko) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-27 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템용 개질기 |
US20070113476A1 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-24 | Thomas Stephen M | Fuel reformer and method of using the same |
-
2007
- 2007-04-24 KR KR1020070039858A patent/KR100823515B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
- 2008-02-04 US US12/068,227 patent/US8003269B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-15 DE DE602008003946T patent/DE602008003946D1/de active Active
- 2008-02-15 EP EP08101696A patent/EP1987876B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-11 CN CN2008100073543A patent/CN101295794B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1987876A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
US8003269B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
EP1987876B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
JP2008266125A (ja) | 2008-11-06 |
US20080268301A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
KR100823515B1 (ko) | 2008-04-21 |
CN101295794B (zh) | 2010-09-29 |
DE602008003946D1 (de) | 2011-01-27 |
CN101295794A (zh) | 2008-10-29 |
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