JP4821217B2 - 正極活物質、正極および電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質、正極および電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4821217B2 JP4821217B2 JP2005252355A JP2005252355A JP4821217B2 JP 4821217 B2 JP4821217 B2 JP 4821217B2 JP 2005252355 A JP2005252355 A JP 2005252355A JP 2005252355 A JP2005252355 A JP 2005252355A JP 4821217 B2 JP4821217 B2 JP 4821217B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- nickel
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 6
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-ylmethyl)-1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-8-yl]-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]methanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CC1=NOC2(C1)CCN(CC2)C(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
(化1)
Li(a+1) Co(1-b-c) Nib Mc O(2-x) Xy
(式中、Mはマンガン,チタン,バナジウム(V),クロム(Cr),鉄,銅,亜鉛,モリブデン,スズ,アンチモン(Sb),ビスマス(Bi),カルシウム(Ca),ストロンチウム(Sr),タングステン(W),ニオブ(Nb),イットリウム(Y),ジルコニウム(Zr),マグネシウム,アルミニウム,ホウ素(B),ケイ素(Si)およびガリウム(Ga)からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種の元素を表し、Xは少なくとも1種のハロゲン元素を表す。a,b,c,xおよびyは、−0.2≦a≦0.2、0.01≦b≦0.4、0≦c≦0.3、−0.1≦x≦0.2、0≦y≦0.1、c+y>0の範囲内の値である。)
(化1)
Li(a+1) Co(1-b-c) Nib Mc O(2-x) Xy
図1は本実施の形態に係る正極活物質を用いた第1の二次電池の断面構造を表すものである。この二次電池は、電極反応物質としてリチウムを用い、負極の容量が、リチウムの吸蔵および放出による容量成分により表されるいわゆるリチウムイオン二次電池である。この二次電池は、いわゆる円筒型といわれるものであり、ほぼ中空円柱状の電池缶11の内部に、一対の帯状の正極21と帯状の負極22とがセパレータ23を介して巻回された巻回電極体20を有している。電池缶11の内部には、液状の電解質である電解液が注入されており、セパレータ23に含浸されている。電池缶11は、例えばニッケルのめっきがされた鉄により構成されており、一端部が閉鎖され他端部が開放されている。電池缶11の内部には、また、巻回電極体20を挟むように巻回周面に対して垂直に一対の絶縁板12,13がそれぞれ配置されている。
図3は本実施の形態に係る正極活物質を用いた第2の二次電池の構成を表すものである。この二次電池は、正極リード31および負極リード32が取り付けられた巻回電極体30をフィルム状の外装部材40の内部に収容したものであり、小型化,軽量化および薄型化が可能となっている。
[正極活物質の作製]
実施例1−1では、正極活物質を次のようにして作製した。まず、市販の酸化コバルトと、炭酸リチウムとを混合し、電気炉を用いて950℃で7時間焼成し、この焼成物を粉砕することにより、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2 )の粉末を得た。次いで、得られたLiCoO2 粉末と、酸化ニッケル粉末とを混合し、更に自動乳鉢により十分に粉砕混合を行なったのち、950℃で5時間の第1の熱処理を行なうことにより焼成粉末を得た。続いて、この焼成粉末と、二酸化マンガン粉末と炭酸リチウム粉末とを混合し、更に自動乳鉢により十分に粉砕混合を行なったのち、950℃で5時間の第2の熱処理を行なうことにより、正極活物質の粉末を作製した。
作製したこれらの正極活物質を用いて図1,2に示した円筒型の二次電池を作製し、正極活物質の特性を評価した。まず、作製した正極活物質粉末86質量%と、導電剤であるグラファイト10質量%と、結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン4質量%とを、溶剤であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて、厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔よりなる正極集電体21Aの両面に塗布し乾燥させ、ロールプレス機で圧縮成型して正極活物質層21Bを形成することにより正極21を作製した。次いで、正極集電体21Aの一端にアルミニウム製の正極リード25を取り付けた。
正極活物質の量と負極活物質の量とを調整し、完全充電時のおける開回路電圧が実施例2−1では4.20V、実施例2−2では4.25V、実施例2−3では4.35V、実施例2−4では4.50V、実施例2−5では4.60V、実施例2−6では4.70Vとなるように設計したことを除き、他は実施例1−1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
Claims (6)
- 化1に示した平均組成を有する粒子状の正極活物質であって、
中心部と、この中心部の少なくとも一部に設けられた表面層とを備え、
この表面層には、前記中心部よりも、ニッケル(Ni)と、元素Mおよび元素Xからなる群のうちの少なくとも1種とが過剰に存在し、かつ、元素Mと元素Xとの合計に対するニッケルの原子比率R1={Ni/(M+X)}が粒子表面よりも中心部に向かって増加する領域が有り、
粒子表面におけるコバルト(Co)とニッケルと元素Mと元素Xとの合計に対する元素Mと元素Xとの合計の原子比率R2={(M+X)/(Co+Ni+M+X)}は10原子%以上である
ことを特徴とする正極活物質。
(化1)
Li(a+1) Co(1-b-c) Nib Mc O(2-x) Xy
(式中、Mはマンガン(Mn),チタン(Ti),バナジウム(V),クロム(Cr),鉄(Fe),銅(Cu),亜鉛(Zn),モリブデン(Mo),スズ(Sn),アンチモン(Sb),ビスマス(Bi),カルシウム(Ca),ストロンチウム(Sr),タングステン(W),ニオブ(Nb),イットリウム(Y),ジルコニウム(Zr),マグネシウム(Mg),アルミニウム(Al),ホウ素(B),ケイ素(Si)およびガリウム(Ga)からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種の元素を表し、Xは少なくとも1種のハロゲン元素を表す。a,b,c,xおよびyは、−0.2≦a≦0.2、0.01≦b≦0.4、0≦c≦0.3、−0.1≦x≦0.2、0≦y≦0.1、c+y>0の範囲内の値である。) - 元素Mは、マンガン,チタン,アルミニウム,マグネシウム,ジルコニウム,イットリウムおよびガリウムからなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の正極活物質。
- 元素Xは、フッ素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の正極活物質。
- 化1に示した平均組成を有する粒子状の正極活物質を含有する正極であって、
前記正極活物質は、中心部と、この中心部の少なくとも一部に設けられた表面層とを備え、
この表面層には、前記中心部よりも、ニッケル(Ni)と、元素Mおよび元素Xからなる群のうちの少なくとも1種とが過剰に存在し、かつ、元素Mと元素Xとの合計に対するニッケルの原子比率R1={Ni/(M+X)}が粒子表面よりも中心部に向かって増加する領域が有り、
粒子表面におけるコバルト(Co)とニッケルと元素Mと元素Xとの合計に対する元素Mと元素Xとの合計の原子比率R2={(M+X)/(Co+Ni+M+X)}は10原子%以上である
ことを特徴とする正極。
(化1)
Li(a+1) Co(1-b-c) Nib Mc O(2-x) Xy
(式中、Mはマンガン(Mn),チタン(Ti),バナジウム(V),クロム(Cr),鉄(Fe),銅(Cu),亜鉛(Zn),モリブデン(Mo),スズ(Sn),アンチモン(Sb),ビスマス(Bi),カルシウム(Ca),ストロンチウム(Sr),タングステン(W),ニオブ(Nb),イットリウム(Y),ジルコニウム(Zr),マグネシウム(Mg),アルミニウム(Al),ホウ素(B),ケイ素(Si)およびガリウム(Ga)からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種の元素を表し、Xは少なくとも1種のハロゲン元素を表す。a,b,c,xおよびyは、−0.2≦a≦0.2、0.01≦b≦0.4、0≦c≦0.3、−0.1≦x≦0.2、0≦y≦0.1、c+y>0の範囲内の値である。) - 正極および負極と共に電解質を備えた電池であって、
前記正極は、化1に示した平均組成を有する粒子状の正極活物質を含有し、
この正極活物質は、中心部と、この中心部の少なくとも一部に設けられた表面層とを備え、
この表面層には、前記中心部よりも、ニッケル(Ni)と、元素Mおよび元素Xからなる群のうちの少なくとも1種とが過剰に存在し、かつ、元素Mと元素Xとの合計に対するニッケルの原子比率R1={Ni/(M+X)}が粒子表面よりも中心部に向かって増加する領域が有り、
粒子表面におけるコバルト(Co)とニッケルと元素Mと元素Xとの合計に対する元素Mと元素Xとの合計の原子比率R2={(M+X)/(Co+Ni+M+X)}は10原子%以上である
ことを特徴とする電池。
(化1)
Li(a+1) Co(1-b-c) Nib Mc O(2-x) Xy
(式中、Mはマンガン(Mn),チタン(Ti),バナジウム(V),クロム(Cr),鉄(Fe),銅(Cu),亜鉛(Zn),モリブデン(Mo),スズ(Sn),アンチモン(Sb),ビスマス(Bi),カルシウム(Ca),ストロンチウム(Sr),タングステン(W),ニオブ(Nb),イットリウム(Y),ジルコニウム(Zr),マグネシウム(Mg),アルミニウム(Al),ホウ素(B),ケイ素(Si)およびガリウム(Ga)からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種の元素を表し、Xは少なくとも1種のハロゲン元素を表す。a,b,c,xおよびyは、−0.2≦a≦0.2、0.01≦b≦0.4、0≦c≦0.3、−0.1≦x≦0.2、0≦y≦0.1、c+y>0の範囲内の値である。) - 一対の正極および負極当たりの完全充電状態における開回路電圧が4.25V以上4.70V以下の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の電池。
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US9979012B2 (en) | 2013-09-02 | 2018-05-22 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Lithium ion secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same |
JP2016062683A (ja) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-04-25 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | リチウムイオン(lithiumion)二次電池 |
CN116053451A (zh) * | 2016-07-05 | 2023-05-02 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 锂离子二次电池 |
WO2023075573A1 (ko) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-05-04 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 단일벽 탄소나노튜브가 적용된 음극 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
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