JP4794288B2 - Surveying instrument - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a surveying instrument equipped with a light wave distance meter, and more particularly, without having an automatic collimation device, it is possible to easily collimate a target even when the field of view is poor due to fog or at night or in backlight. It relates to the surveying instrument.

  In recent years, a total station (electronic rangefinder) that combines an electronic theodolite (electronic rangefinder) and a light wave rangefinder has rapidly become widespread. Using the total station enables distance measurement and angle measurement at the same time, enabling efficient surveying.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the total station supports the surveying instrument main body 22 so as to be horizontally rotatable on the leveling table 20, and supports the collimating telescope 24 so as to be vertically rotatable with respect to the surveying instrument main body 22. The surveying instrument main body 22 includes a display unit 26 such as a liquid crystal display for displaying measurement values and the like, and an input unit 28 such as a keyboard for inputting commands and data. As shown in FIG. 5, the total station includes a horizontal angle measuring unit (horizontal encoder) 30 that detects the rotation angle of the surveying instrument main body 22 and a vertical angle measurement unit that detects the rotation angle of the collimating telescope 24 ( Vertical encoder) 32, a lightwave distance meter 34 for measuring the distance to the target 6, a CPU (calculation control unit) 36 for calculating horizontal and vertical angle measurement values and controlling each part of the total station, measurement values, etc. Are stored in the storage unit 38, the input unit 28, and other firmware.

  In the optical distance meter 34, the distance measuring light L emitted from the light source 3 such as a laser diode passes through a light transmission optical system (not shown) and is placed on a measuring point or a prism 6 (hereinafter referred to as a target). )). The light source 3 is connected to the modulator 2, and the modulator 2 is connected to the oscillator 1, and the distance measuring light L is modulated by the reference signal K generated by the oscillator 1.

  The distance measuring light L reflected by the target 6 enters a light receiving element (detector) 7 such as a photodiode through a light receiving optical system (not shown). The light transmitting optical system, the light receiving optical system, and the collimating telescope 24 are coaxial optical systems. The distance measuring light L reciprocates to the target 6 along the collimation axis of the collimating telescope 24 and is converted into a distance measuring signal M which is an electric signal by the light receiving element 7. The phase difference between the distance measurement signal M and the reference signal K sent from the modulator 2 is measured by the phase meter 9, and the distance from the phase difference to the target 6 is calculated by the CPU 36.

  On the other hand, a light reception level meter 50 for measuring the voltage of the distance measurement signal M is provided. From the voltage of the distance measurement signal M, the CPU 36 calculates the light reception level of the distance measurement light L reflected by the target 6, This is displayed on the display unit 26. A reference optical system (not shown) for transmitting a reference signal directly from the light source to the light receiving element is also provided for correcting an error occurring inside the machine.

Japan Surveying Instruments Manufacturers Association, latest surveying instrument manual, Sankaido, July 29, 2003, p. 103-142

  It is difficult to collimate the target with a total station or a lightwave distance meter that is not equipped with an automatic collimation device when the field of view is poor due to fog or at night or in backlighting. When it is necessary to measure with a total station or a light wave rangefinder that does not have an automatic collimation device when the visibility is poor due to fog, etc. The target is positioned by displaying the received light level on the display unit 26, moving the collimating telescope 24 while observing the received light level, and searching for a point where the received light level becomes maximum. However, in such a method, it is unclear what kind of position is being searched for the target, and the same part is searched repeatedly, so the target is found. In addition to taking time to do this, there is a problem that the burden on the worker is extremely large and the target cannot be easily positioned.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a surveying instrument that does not have an automatic collimation device, a target can be easily and quickly obtained even when the visibility is poor due to fog, nighttime, or backlighting. It is an object to enable positioning.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 receives a light source that emits distance measuring light toward a target placed at a measurement point, and a distance measuring light that is reflected and returned by the target. A light receiving element that converts the signal into a distance measurement signal, a horizontal angle measurement unit that measures a horizontal angle, a vertical angle measurement unit that measures a vertical angle, a calculation control unit that calculates a distance from the distance measurement signal, and a measurement value In the surveying instrument comprising the display unit for displaying the collimation direction, the calculation control unit displays the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the collimation direction based on outputs from the horizontal angle measurement unit and the vertical angle measurement unit. The marker is displayed on the display unit, and the locus of movement of the collimation direction marker based on the magnitude of the distance measurement signal is displayed on the display unit by displaying in light or shade according to the light reception level at each point. It is characterized by doing.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention according to claim 1, a storage unit is provided for storing the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the collimation direction.

  According to the surveying instrument of the first aspect of the present invention, the collimation direction marker illustrating the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the collimation direction is displayed on the display unit, and the trajectory of the movement of the collimation direction marker is displayed at each point. The received light level is displayed in shades or colors, so if distance measuring light reflected from a target such as a target or a prism is received even for a moment, the point on the locus where the collimation direction marker has moved is shaded or different in color. Therefore, without incorporating an expensive automatic collimation device, the target can be easily positioned even when the field of view is poor due to fog or at night or in backlighting, and efficient surveying is possible.

  According to the surveying instrument of the invention according to claim 2, since the horizontal angle and the vertical angle when the target is collimated can be stored, even if the target is lost during the subsequent measurement, the stored display screen is stored. By seeing, you can easily find the target and perform more efficient surveying work.

  An embodiment of a total station to which the present invention is applied will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a display unit at the start of distance measurement of the total station. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the display unit when the direction of the collimating telescope of the total station is changed. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure for collimating the target with the total station when the field of view is poor due to fog or at night or in backlight.

  This total station, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, displays the collimation direction display screen 52, which will be described later, on the display unit 26, except for the conventional station shown in FIGS. Is the same. Therefore, the description about the same part of the total station as the conventional one is omitted.

  In this total station, the CPU 36 has the collimation direction horizontal angle obtained from the horizontal angle measurement unit 30, the collimation direction vertical angle obtained from the vertical angle measurement unit 32, and the light reception level obtained from the light reception level meter 50. Are used to display the collimation direction marker 40 for displaying the collimation direction on the collimation direction display screen 52. At this time, the vertical angle scale 42 and the horizontal angle scale 44 for reading the vertical angle and the horizontal angle from the position of the collimation direction marker 40 are simultaneously displayed on the collimation direction display screen 52. The vertical angle scale 42 is displayed with an upper end of 0 ° and a lower end of 180 °, and the horizontal angle scale 44 is displayed with a right end as a horizontal angle of 180 ° and a left end as a horizontal angle of −180 °. The intersection of the vertical angle scale 42 and the horizontal angle scale 44 is made to coincide with the collimation axis of the collimating telescope 24.

  Further, depending on the light reception level detected by the light reception level meter 50, the collimation direction marker 40 is shaded or colored 47. The display unit 26 displays a light reception level indicator 48 indicating the relationship between the light reception level and the light or shade or color 47 in order to read the light or darkness or color 47 corresponding to the light reception level. Corners, distances and received light levels are also displayed as numbers. The shade or color 47 for displaying the light reception level is changed from a light color to a dark color as the amount of reflected light received increases, or from a cold color to a warm color.

  Here, when the direction of the collimating telescope 24 is changed, the collimating direction marker 40 also moves on the collimating direction display screen 52. The shade or color 47 corresponding to the received light level is left on the display unit 26 as it is. The target 6 can be easily found from the shaded area or the area where the color 47 changes. When the target 6 is found and collimated accurately, the horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance, position on the collimation direction display screen 52 and light reception level are stored in the storage unit 38 by pressing a key (not shown). it can.

  Next, a procedure for collimating the target will be described with reference to FIG. In measurement, first, the worker sets the total station and the target 6 and points the collimating telescope 24 of the total station toward the target 6 (step S1). Next, the worker presses a distance measurement start button (not shown) (step S2). Then, the total station emits the distance measuring light L and displays the collimation direction display screen 52 on the display unit 26 (step S3). At this time, the collimation direction marker 40 is configured such that the density or the color 47 changes according to the light receiving level of the distance measuring light L reflected from the target 6 or other object. At this time, in order to read the light reception level, a light reception level indicator 48 indicating the relationship between the light reception level and the shade or color 47 is also displayed on the display unit 26. The display unit 26 also displays the horizontal angle, the vertical angle, and the light reception level in the collimation direction as numbers. However, in the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, the distance measurement is not performed because the light reception level is insufficient, and thus the distance measurement value is not displayed.

  Next, the worker moves the collimating telescope 24 up, down, left and right while looking at the collimation direction display screen 52 (step S4). Then, the collimation direction marker 40 also moves on the collimation direction display screen 52. At this time, the locus 46 of the collimation direction marker 40 is displayed with the shading or color 47 corresponding to the light reception level at each point being left (step S5). Here, the worker searches for a region where the light receiving level is equal to or higher than a predetermined level while looking at the locus 46 of the collimation direction marker 40 (step S6). Here, if a region with a light reception level equal to or higher than the predetermined level is not found, the operation of moving the collimating telescope 24 to find the target 6 is continued until a region with a light reception level equal to or higher than the predetermined level is found (steps S4 to S6). .

  If an area where the light reception level is equal to or higher than the predetermined level is found, it can be seen that the target 6 is present in the vicinity. The worker cancels the task of searching for the target 6 here, finely moves the collimating telescope 24 up and down, left and right in this vicinity, looks for the point with the highest light reception level while looking at the number of the light reception level, and searches for the target 6 Is accurately collimated (step S7). In this case, since the area where the collimating telescope 24 is moved is small, collimation of the target 6 can be easily performed while looking at the light reception level numbers. Upon completion of collimation, the operator operates a key (not shown) to store measured values such as a horizontal angle, a vertical angle, and a distance in the total station (step S8). This completes the measurement of the target.

  According to the present embodiment, the distance measuring light L reflected from the target 6 can be simply changed by software without adding an expensive automatic collimation device to a total station that does not include a conventional automatic collimation device. Is received even for a moment, the point can be left as a difference in shade or color 47 on the locus 46 on which the collimation direction marker 40 has moved. Thereby, the target 6 can be easily found even when the field of view is poor due to fog or at night or in the backlight. And since the horizontal angle and the vertical angle are memorized after discovering the target object 6, even if the target object 6 is subsequently lost, the target object 6 can be easily found and efficient surveying work. Is possible.

  By the way, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to the total station, but the present invention can be widely applied to measuring machines including a horizontal angle measuring unit, a vertical angle measuring unit, and a light wave distance meter. Of course, the present invention can be applied to a single optical distance meter by providing a horizontal angle measuring unit and a vertical angle measuring unit.

  In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to the total station alone, but a controller or personal computer is connected to the total station, the collimation direction display screen 52 is displayed on the controller or personal computer display unit, and the controller or personal computer is used. The total station may be controlled.

  Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to a surveying instrument equipped with a phase difference type lightwave distance meter, but the present invention is also applicable to a surveying instrument equipped with a pulse travel time type lightwave distance meter, Further, it can be applied to a surveying instrument equipped with a non-prism type lightwave distance meter. However, in the case of a non-prism type surveying instrument that does not use a prism, since the light receiving level of the distance measuring light L reflected from the target 6 is small, the collimating telescope 24 scans the vicinity of the target 6 widely and reflects it. Create a light distribution map on the collimation direction display screen 52 and check the target 6 or move the surveying instrument to avoid reflectors other than the target 6 (for example, glass, automobiles, etc.) After that, it is necessary to start the measurement.

It is a figure explaining the display part at the time of the measurement start in the total station which concerns on one Example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the display part when rotating the collimating telescope of the said total station. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure which collimates a target object in the said total station. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the conventional total station. It is a block diagram of the conventional total station.

Explanation of symbols

3 Light source 6 Target or prism (target)
7 Photodetector 26 Display Unit 30 Horizontal Angle Measuring Unit 32 Vertical Angle Measuring Unit 34 Light Wave Distance Meter 36 CPU (Calculation Control Unit)
38 Storage Unit 40 Collimation Direction Marker 46 Trajectory 47 of Collimation Direction Marker Lightness or Color L Distance Measuring Light

Claims (2)

A light source that emits distance measuring light toward a target placed at a measuring point, a light receiving element that receives the distance measuring light reflected and returned from the target and converts it into a distance measuring signal, and a horizontal angle In a surveying instrument comprising a horizontal angle measuring unit for measuring, a vertical angle measuring unit for measuring a vertical angle, a calculation control unit for calculating a distance from the distance measurement signal, and a display unit for displaying a measured value,
The calculation control unit displays a collimation direction marker illustrating a horizontal angle and a vertical angle of a collimation direction on the display unit based on outputs from the horizontal angle measurement unit and the vertical angle measurement unit, and also measures the measurement. A surveying instrument which displays on the display unit a light locus or a color corresponding to a light reception level at each point, indicating the locus of movement of the collimation direction marker based on the magnitude of a distance signal.   The surveying instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a storage unit that stores a horizontal angle and a vertical angle of the collimation direction.

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