JP4731607B2 - 急速充電用電力供給装置および急速充電用電力供給方法 - Google Patents
急速充電用電力供給装置および急速充電用電力供給方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4731607B2 JP4731607B2 JP2008542126A JP2008542126A JP4731607B2 JP 4731607 B2 JP4731607 B2 JP 4731607B2 JP 2008542126 A JP2008542126 A JP 2008542126A JP 2008542126 A JP2008542126 A JP 2008542126A JP 4731607 B2 JP4731607 B2 JP 4731607B2
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Description
ことを特徴とする急速充電用電力供給装置である。
さらに、第一の蓄電手段に充電回路が複数接続されているので、各充電回路の充電開始スイッチの操作に基づく開閉手段の動作により、充電条件が異なる複数の移動体であっても同時充電が可能となる。
4 化石燃料
5 改質器
6 水素
10 急速充電用電力供給装置
11 整流器(電力供給手段)
12 給電制御手段
15 第一の蓄電手段
20 充電回路
21 充電スタンド
23 操作部
26 表示部
30 開閉手段
31 開閉器
32 開閉制御部
36 充電プラグ
50 車両(移動体)
60 冷却ユニット
61 電子冷却素子
65 充電コネクタ
80 充電制御手段
81 パワー制御部
82 充電制御ユニット
83 温度制御ユニット
84 充電情報処理部
85 第二の蓄電手段
93 容量判定手段
100 船舶(移動体)
110 航空機(移動体)
120 燃料電池(電力供給手段)
121 インバータ
図1ないし図9は、本発明の実施の形態1を示している。図2において、符号1は商用の交流電源を示しており、交流電源1としては、例えば三相交流電源が用いられている。交流電源1からの電力は、電力線2を介して建屋3内に供給されている。建屋3内には、急速充電用電力供給装置10を構成する電力供給手段としての整流器11と、給電制御手段12と、第一の蓄電手段15と、他の機器類が配置されている。整流器11の入力側は、建屋3内の電力線2に接続されている。整流器11は、電力線2からの三相交流電力を所定の電圧値に調整した後、直流電力に変換する機能を有している。整流器11の出力側には、給電制御手段12を介して第一の蓄電手段15が接続されている。給電制御手段12は、後述するように開閉手段30からの信号S7に基づき整流器11から出力される直流電力の第一の蓄電手段15への供給を停止する機能を有している。
図10および図11は、本発明の実施の形態2を示しており、急速充電用電力供給装置10に第一の蓄電手段15の残存容量(残存電力量)を検知する機能を持たせている。本実施の形態2が実施の形態1と異なるところは、第一の蓄電手段15の残存容量を検知する機能および第一の蓄電手段15の充電時間帯であり、その他の部分の構成は実施の形態1に準じるので、準じる部分に同一の符号を付すことにより準じる部分の説明を省略する。後述する他の実施の形態も同様とする。
図12は、本発明の実施の形態3を示しており、移動体としての船舶の急速充電に適用した場合を示している。図12に示すように、旅客船100の第二の蓄電手段85dと、電動ボート101の第二の蓄電手段85eと、カーフェリー102の第二の蓄電手段85fと、深海用潜水艇103の第二の蓄電手段85gには、第一の蓄電手段15に並列に接続された各充電回路20から充電用の電力が供給可能となっている。地球環境改善の観点からは、電気動力で推進する船舶の利用促進が望まれる。船舶の原動機としては、例えば高性能な高温超伝導モーターを採用するのが望ましい。本実施の態様では、第一の蓄電手段15から供給される直流電力については、船舶毎に充電制御がなされることから、各第二の蓄電手段85d、85e、85f、85gは最適な充電電圧および充電電流に制御され、各種船舶の同時急速充電が可能となる。
図13は、本発明の実施の形態4を示しており、移動体としての航空機の急速充電に適用した場合を示している。図13に示すように、双発機(垂直離着陸機・VTOL機を含む)110の第二の蓄電手段85hと、単発機111の第二の蓄電手段85iと、ヘリコプター112の第二の蓄電手段85jと、飛行船113の第二の蓄電手段85kには、第一の蓄電手段15に並列に接続された各充電回路20から充電用の電力が供給可能となっている。地球環境改善の観点から航空機についても、電気動力で推進する機体の利用促進が望まれる。各航空機は、第二の蓄電手段からの電力によりプロペラまたはロータブレードを回転駆動させて飛行する。本実施の態様では、第一の蓄電手段15から供給される直流電力については、航空機毎に充電制御がなされることから、各第二の蓄電手段85h、85i、85j、85kは最適な充電電圧および充電電流に制御され、各種航空機の同時急速充電が可能となる。
図14は、本発明の実施の形態5を示しており、燃料電池からの電力を利用した移動体の急速充電システムを示している。図14において、符号4は化石燃料を示しており、化石燃料4は給油所の地下タンクに貯留されている。地下タンク内の化石燃料4は地上側に設けられた改質器5に供給されるようになっている。改質器5は、供給された化石燃料4を水素6に改質する機能を有している。改質器5からの水素6は、燃料電池120に供給されるようになっている。燃料電池120は、供給された水素6と空気中の酸素より直流電力を発電する機能を有する。燃料電池120としては、例えば発電効率の高い固体酸化物形燃料電池が用いられている。また、燃料電池120による発電効率を高めるため、燃料電池120で生じる熱の一部は、例えば熱電交換素子(ゼーベック素子)又はスターリングエンジンなどを介して直流電力に変換されるようになっている。化石燃料4を貯留する地下タンクは、給油所の既存の地下タンクを利用することにより、設備投資コストを低減することができる。
図15ないし図18は、本発明の実施の形態6を示しており、再生可能エネルギー(自然エネルギー)により発電された電力を利用した移動体の急速充電システムを示している。本実施の態様が対象とする自然エネルギーは、河川であれば水流であり、海洋であれば海流である。本実施の形態では水流および海流のいずれにも適用できるが、ここでは河川の水流を利用した発電システムの例について説明する。
Claims (12)
- 検知される第二の蓄電手段の電池電圧および充電電流に基づき前記第二の蓄電手段に対する最適な急速充電制御を行う充電制御手段が搭載される移動体へ、急速充電のための直流電力を供給する急速充電用電力供給装置であって、
直流電力を供給する電力供給手段と、
前記電力供給手段に常時接続される給電制御手段と、
前記給電制御手段を介して前記電力供給手段からの直流電力を貯蔵し、前記給電制御手段による前記電力供給手段からの電力供給停止によって純粋直流電力が出力可能な第一の蓄電手段と、
前記第一の蓄電手段の残存容量が十分であるか否かを判定する容量判定手段と、
前記第一の蓄電手段に常時接続され、複数の前記移動体にそれぞれ接続可能な複数の充電回路と、
前記複数の充電回路にそれぞれ設けられ、充電回路の開閉を行う開閉手段と、
を備え、
前記給電制御手段は、前記複数の充電回路に接続された複数の移動体のうち少なくとも一つの移動体の急速充電時には、その移動体が接続される充電回路に設けられる充電開始スイッチの操作および前記容量判定手段による前記第一の蓄電手段の残存容量が十分であるとの判定情報に基づき出力される給電停止信号によって前記電力供給手段から前記第一の蓄電手段への給電を中止し、
前記複数の充電回路の各充電回路は、前記給電停止信号に基づく前記電力供給手段から前記第一の蓄電手段への給電中止後で充電開始条件確認完了後に前記充電開始スイッチの操作に基づく前記開閉手段の動作により前記第一の蓄電手段からの電力供給による前記移動体の前記第二の蓄電手段の充電を開始するとともに、前記第二の蓄電手段の充電時に出力電圧が徐々に低下する前記第一の蓄電手段からの直流電力を、電圧および電流を制御せずに前記移動体に直送する、
ことを特徴とする急速充電用電力供給装置。 - 検知される第二の蓄電手段の電池電圧および充電電流に基づき前記第二の蓄電手段に対する最適な急速充電制御を行う充電制御手段が搭載される移動体へ、急速充電のための直流電力を供給する急速充電用電力供給方法であって、
直流電力を供給する電力供給手段に給電制御手段を常時接続し、前記給電制御手段による前記電力供給手段からの電力供給停止によって純粋直流電力が出力可能な第一の蓄電手段に、前記給電制御手段を介して前記電力供給手段からの直流電力を貯蔵するとともに、前記第一の蓄電手段の残存容量が十分であるか否かを容量判定手段によって判定し、前記第一の蓄電手段に、複数の前記移動体にそれぞれ接続可能な複数の充電回路を常時接続するとともに、前記複数の充電回路に、充電回路の開閉を行う開閉手段をそれぞれ設け、前記給電制御手段は、前記複数の充電回路に接続された複数の移動体のうち少なくとも一つの移動体の急速充電時には、その移動体が接続される充電回路に設けられる充電開始スイッチの操作および前記容量判定手段による前記第一の蓄電手段の残存容量が十分であるとの判定情報に基づき出力される給電停止信号によって前記電力供給手段から前記第一の蓄電手段への給電を中止し、前記複数の充電回路の各充電回路は、前記給電停止信号に基づく前記電力供給手段から前記第一の蓄電手段への給電中止後で充電開始条件確認完了後に前記充電開始スイッチの操作に基づく前記開閉手段の動作により前記第一の蓄電手段からの電力供給による前記移動体の前記第二の蓄電手段の充電を開始するとともに、前記第二の蓄電手段の充電時に出力電圧が徐々に低下する前記第一の蓄電手段からの直流電力を、電圧および電流を制御せずに前記移動体に直送する、
ことを特徴とする急速充電用電力供給方法。 - 前記第一の蓄電手段から供給される直流電力の一部は、前記移動体の充電系統における発熱部の冷却に使用されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の急速充電用電力供給方法。
- 前記電力供給手段は、入力された商用の交流電力を直流電力に変換する整流器から構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
- 前記給電制御手段は、前記整流器からの直流電力を前記第一の蓄電手段へ供給する機能を有しており、前記第一の蓄電手段に貯蔵された電力の一部は、インバータを介して商用電源系統に供給可能であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
- 前記電力供給手段は、燃料電池から構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
- 前記第一の蓄電手段は、蓄電池と電気二重層キャパシタの少なくともいずれか一つから構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
- 前記整流器に入力される電力は、水力を含む再生可能エネルギーを利用して発電された電力であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
- 前記燃料電池は、化石燃料を改質して得られる水素を燃料とする請求項6に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
- 前記燃料電池は、給油所に供給される化石燃料を改質して得られる水素または水素供給手段によって前記給油所に供給される水素を燃料とする請求項6に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
- 前記燃料電池には、該燃料電池から出力される直流電力を交流電力に変換し該交流電力を商用電源系統に供給するインバータが接続されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
- 前記移動体は、車両と船舶と航空機の少なくともいずれか一つであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の急速充電用電力供給装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101617454B (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
JPWO2008102543A1 (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
DE112008000424B4 (de) | 2017-02-16 |
US20110266996A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
DE112008000424T5 (de) | 2009-12-31 |
CN101617454A (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
US8183819B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
WO2008102543A1 (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
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