JP4728656B2 - 面発光レーザ素子 - Google Patents
面発光レーザ素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4728656B2 JP4728656B2 JP2005032787A JP2005032787A JP4728656B2 JP 4728656 B2 JP4728656 B2 JP 4728656B2 JP 2005032787 A JP2005032787 A JP 2005032787A JP 2005032787 A JP2005032787 A JP 2005032787A JP 4728656 B2 JP4728656 B2 JP 4728656B2
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
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- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/16—Semiconductor lasers with special structural design to influence the modes, e.g. specific multimode
- H01S2301/166—Single transverse or lateral mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18308—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement
- H01S5/18311—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18361—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors
- H01S5/18369—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors based on dielectric materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/305—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region characterised by the doping materials used in the laser structure
- H01S5/3095—Tunnel junction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/323—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/3235—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000 nm, e.g. InP-based 1300 nm and 1500 nm lasers
- H01S5/32358—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000 nm, e.g. InP-based 1300 nm and 1500 nm lasers containing very small amounts, usually less than 1%, of an additional III or V compound to decrease the bandgap strongly in a non-linear way by the bowing effect
- H01S5/32366—(In)GaAs with small amount of N
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34306—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000nm, e.g. InP based 1300 and 1500nm lasers
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Description
この面発光レーザ素子1は、トンネル接合構造の採用により、価電子帯吸収の原因となるp-AlGaAsを使用していないため高出力動作が可能であり、加えて、トンネル接合層10を構成するn++層10b及びp++層10aの両方にSbを含有していることによって従来のトンネル接合型面発光レーザ素子に比べて特にp++層10bの結晶性が向上し、また、n++層10b及びp++層10aの両方にNを含有していることによって従来のトンネル接合型面発光レーザ素子に比べて特にn++層10bの残留歪が低減される。従って、本実施形態1によれば、高出力かつ長期信頼性に優れた面発光レーザ素子を得ることができる。
この面発光レーザ素子1は、トンネル接合構造の採用により、価電子帯吸収の原因となるp-AlGaAsを使用していないため高出力動作が可能であり、加えて、n++層10b及びp++層10aの両方にSbを含有していることによって従来のトンネル接合型面発光レーザ素子に比べて特にp++層10aの結晶性が向上し、また、n++層10b及びp++層10aの両方にNを含有していることによって従来のトンネル接合型面発光レーザ素子に比べて特にn++層10bの残留歪が低減される。更に、Tlを含有していることによって、素子抵抗が低減されるため、自己発熱が抑制され、優れた温度特性を得ることができるる。従って、本発明によれば、高出力で長期信頼性に優れ、かつ温度特性に優れた面発光レーザ素子を得ることができる。
なお、トンネル接合/電流狭窄層40’から上の部分については、次のように作製できる。p型多層膜7まで結晶成長した後、C(炭素)が1×1020cm-3ドーピングされたIn0.1Ga0.9As0.945N0.005Sb0.05からなるp++層40aとSi(シリコン)が1×1019cm-3ドーピングされたIn0.06Ga0.94As0.975N0.02Sb0.005からなるn++層40bをMBE法により結晶成長し、トンネル接合層を形成する。続いて、n-In0.52Ga0.48Pからなる屈折率調整層40−2、3層のGaAsPからなる組成傾斜層40−3を成長する。
なお、トンネル接合/電流狭窄層40’から上の部分については、次のように作製できる。p型多層膜7まで結晶成長した後、C(炭素)が1×1020cm-3ドーピングされたIn0.1Ga0.9As0.945N0.005 Sb0.05からなるp++層40aと、Si(シリコン)が1×1019cm-3ドーピングされたIn0.06Ga0.94As0.975N0.02 Sb0.005からなるn++層40bをMBE法により結晶成長し、トンネル接合層を形成する。続いて、n-GaAs0.98P0.02からなる屈折率調整層40−2、3層のInGaAsNSbP混晶からなる組成傾斜層40−3を成長する。
2 n-GaAs基板
3 下部半導体多層膜反射鏡
4 下部クラッド層
5 活性層
6 上部クラッド層
7 p型多層膜
8a 酸化アパーチャ
8b AlxOy酸化層
10 トンネル接合層
10a p++層
10b n++層
11 上部半導体多層膜反射鏡
12 上部電極
13 下部電極
14 コンタクト層
17 上部誘電体多層膜反射鏡
30’ トンネル接合/電流狭窄層
30 コア部
30a p++層
30b n++層
30c クラッド部
40’ トンネル接合/電流狭窄層
40 コア部
40a p++層
40b n++層
40c クラッド部
40−1 トンネル接合層
40−2 屈折率調整層
40−3 組成傾斜層
Claims (9)
- GaAs基板上に下部多層膜反射鏡、活性層及び上部多層膜反射鏡を有してなる面発光レーザ素子において、前記面発光レーザ素子は、n型不純物がドーピングされたn型層とp型不純物がドーピングされたp型層とからなるトンネル接合を有し、
前記n型層はTl x2 In x1 Ga 1-x1-x2 As 1-y1-y2 N y1 Sb y2 (0≦x2≦0.3、0≦x1≦0.3、0<y1≦0.05、0<y2≦0.3)からなり、前記p型層はTl x4 In x3 Ga 1-x3-x4 As 1-y3-y4 N y3 Sb y4 (0≦x4≦0.3、0≦x3≦0.3、0<y3≦0.05、0<y4≦0.3)からなることを特徴とする面発光レーザ素子。 - 前記n型層はInx1Ga1-x1As1-y1-y2Ny1Sby2(0≦x1≦0.3、0<y1≦0.05、0<y2≦0.3)からなり、前記p型層はInx3Ga1-x3As1-y3-y4Ny3Sby4(0≦x3≦0.3、0<y3≦0.05、0<y4≦0.3)からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 発光アパーチャとその周囲に形成された電流非注入部とからなる電流狭窄層を更に有し、
前記発光アパーチャは、前記トンネル接合を含むことを特徴とする
請求項1に記載の面発光レーザ素子。 - 前記発光アパーチャは、前記トンネル接合、組成傾斜層及び屈折率調整層からなっており、前記組成傾斜層はAlz1Ga1-z1As1-w1-w2-w3Nw1Sbw2Pw3(0≦z1≦0.6、0≦w1≦0.05、0≦w2≦0.3、0≦w3≦0.8)により形成され、前記屈折率調整層はInz3Ga1-z3P層(0.3≦z3≦0.7)により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 前記発光アパーチャは、前記トンネル接合、組成傾斜層及び屈折率調整層からなっており、前記組成傾斜層はInz2Ga1-z2As1-w4-w5-w6Nw4Sbw5Pw6(0≦z2≦0.3、0≦w4≦0.05、0≦w5≦0.3、0≦w6≦0.8)により形成され、前記屈折率調整層はGaAs1-w7Pw7層(0<w7≦0.5)により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 前記n型層には、シリコン(Si)が1×1019cm−3ドーピングされ、
前記p型層には、炭素(C)が1×1020cm−3ドーピングされたことを特徴とする
請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の面発光レーザ素子。 - 前記下部多層膜反射鏡及び上部多層膜反射鏡を構成する層の少なくとも一部が、不純物ドーピングされていない半導体層であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 前記下部多層膜反射鏡及び上部多層膜反射鏡を構成する層の少なくとも一部が誘電体層であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 発振波長が0.85μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005032787A JP4728656B2 (ja) | 2005-02-09 | 2005-02-09 | 面発光レーザ素子 |
US11/347,225 US20060193361A1 (en) | 2005-02-09 | 2006-02-06 | Vertical cavity surface emitting laser device having a higher optical output power |
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JP2005032787A JP4728656B2 (ja) | 2005-02-09 | 2005-02-09 | 面発光レーザ素子 |
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JP2006222196A JP2006222196A (ja) | 2006-08-24 |
JP4728656B2 true JP4728656B2 (ja) | 2011-07-20 |
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JP2005032787A Expired - Fee Related JP4728656B2 (ja) | 2005-02-09 | 2005-02-09 | 面発光レーザ素子 |
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US (1) | US20060193361A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4728656B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4508174B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-28 | 2010-07-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 垂直共振型面発光素子 |
JP2008235574A (ja) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-10-02 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 面発光半導体レーザ |
WO2008114707A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Nec Corporation | 面発光型半導体レーザ |
JP2008283137A (ja) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 面発光半導体レーザ |
JP5678806B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-07 | 2015-03-04 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体レーザ及びその製造方法 |
JP2014086565A (ja) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-12 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 面発光型半導体レーザ、面発光型半導体レーザ装置、光伝送装置および情報処理装置 |
JP6107089B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-30 | 2017-04-05 | 株式会社リコー | 面発光レーザ素子及び原子発振器 |
JP6248359B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | 住友電工デバイス・イノベーション株式会社 | 半導体層の表面処理方法 |
US11424597B2 (en) * | 2017-01-30 | 2022-08-23 | Oepic Semiconductors, Inc. | Tunnel junction for GaAs based VCSELs and method therefor |
CN111788671A (zh) | 2017-12-27 | 2020-10-16 | 普林斯顿光电子公司 | 半导体装置及其制造方法 |
CN114400505B (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-11-12 | 西安立芯光电科技有限公司 | 一种用于多波长边发射半导体激光器的外延结构 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20010050934A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-13 | Choquette Kent D. | Long wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting laser |
US20040051113A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-18 | Ying-Lan Chang | Material systems for semiconductor tunnel-junction structures |
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JP3783411B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-15 | 2006-06-07 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 表面発光型半導体レーザ |
US6075804A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2000-06-13 | Picolight Incorporated | Semiconductor device having an oxide defined aperture |
US6493372B1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2002-12-10 | Bandwidth 9, Inc. | Vertical cavity apparatus with tunnel junction |
US6760357B1 (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 2004-07-06 | Bandwidth9 | Vertical cavity apparatus with tunnel junction |
AU2001286614A1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-03-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | A method for aperturing vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (vscels) |
US6888873B2 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2005-05-03 | Finisar Corporation | Long wavelength VCSEL bottom mirror |
US6822995B2 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2004-11-23 | Finisar Corporation | GaAs/AI(Ga)As distributed bragg reflector on InP |
US7656924B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2010-02-02 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Surface emitting laser, and transceiver, optical transceiver, and optical communication system employing the surface emitting laser |
AU2003256382A1 (en) * | 2002-07-06 | 2004-01-23 | Optical Communication Products, Inc. | Method of self-aligning an oxide aperture with an annular intra-cavity contact in a long wavelength vcsel |
US6747794B2 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-06-08 | Gazillion Bits, Inc. | Semiconductor optical amplifier using energy from single-transverse-mode VCSELs to amplify optical signal |
US7016392B2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2006-03-21 | Ashish Tandon | GaAs-based long-wavelength laser incorporating tunnel junction structure |
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- 2005-02-09 JP JP2005032787A patent/JP4728656B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2006-02-06 US US11/347,225 patent/US20060193361A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20010050934A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-13 | Choquette Kent D. | Long wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting laser |
US20040051113A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-18 | Ying-Lan Chang | Material systems for semiconductor tunnel-junction structures |
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JP2006222196A (ja) | 2006-08-24 |
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