JP4672080B2 - 水移動プレートおよびその使用方法 - Google Patents
水移動プレートおよびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4672080B2 JP4672080B2 JP2009289906A JP2009289906A JP4672080B2 JP 4672080 B2 JP4672080 B2 JP 4672080B2 JP 2009289906 A JP2009289906 A JP 2009289906A JP 2009289906 A JP2009289906 A JP 2009289906A JP 4672080 B2 JP4672080 B2 JP 4672080B2
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- water
- transfer plate
- water transfer
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- fuel cell
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 137
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 27
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 18
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229920006384 Airco Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- RGCLLPNLLBQHPF-HJWRWDBZSA-N phosphamidon Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/C)OP(=O)(OC)OC RGCLLPNLLBQHPF-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241000871495 Heeria argentea Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical group [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHMOASUYFVRATF-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrachloride;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl KHMOASUYFVRATF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
以下の処理が、AirCo 90 黒鉛粉末 40重量%;FORTAFIL、1/2インチ(12.7mm)、寸法の揃っていない炭素繊維 5重量%;OXYCHEM フェノール樹脂 28重量%、軟木パルプ、27重量%;を形成するのに使用することができる。
1. 黒鉛粉末 0.4g、炭素繊維 0.05g、Oxy−Chemフェノール樹脂 0.28g、軟木パルプ 0.27g、の量の固体を水と混合して、約1v/o固体を有するスラリーを形成する。
2. 一旦完全に混合した後、スラリーは、基準重量250lb./リーム(113.4kg/連)、すなわち、12oz/sq.−yard(340.2g/0.8361m2)、±5%、を有する平面状のシートを形成するように、水平に移動するスクリーン上に注ぐ。
3. スクリーンは、いくらかの残留水を除去するために、真空を通過させ、それによって、平面状のシートを部分的に乾燥させる。
4. 部分的に乾燥した平面状のシートは、次に、ローラ上、油加熱ドラムに導き、残留水を揮発させて、乾燥紙を形成する。ドラムは、250°F(121℃)に加熱される。
5. 乾燥紙は、集めるために厚紙製の管に巻き取る。
6. 巻き取られた紙は、10〜12インチ(154〜305mm)×6インチ(152mm)のシートに切断する。
7. これらのシートは、次に、レイアップする。
8. レイアップは、次に、2370psig(16.34MPaゲージ圧)、345°F(約175℃)で、5分間、0.140インチ(3.56mm)まで加圧成形して、レイアップを積層させる。
9. 積層したレイアップは、窒素雰囲気で1510°F(約820℃)まで8°F/hour(4.4℃/時間)で炭素化させ、引き続いて、4262°F、77°F/hour(2350℃、25℃/時間)で、黒鉛化させる。
10. 黒鉛化した水移動プレートの半加工品は、12.26インチ×6.00インチ(311.4mm×152.4mm)の平面図形と、0.072インチ(1.83mm)の厚みに加工する。片方の面に0.024インチ(0.61mm)の深さの冷媒流路を加工し、反対側の面に0.025インチ(0.64mm)の深さの空気流路を加工する。
11. 加工された水移動プレートは、水に溶解した四塩化スズ5水和物の1.7mol/Lの溶液に浸漬し、プレートを飽和させ、次に、プレートをスズ溶液から取り出し、さらに、約pH9に維持されたアンモニア溶液に浸漬し、次に、プレートをアンモニア溶液から取り出し、さらに、150〜200°F(65〜93℃)で乾燥した後、空気中、400℃(750°F)で、1時間、か焼することによって、加工された水移動プレートを、湿潤化処理する。
・気泡圧力 9.5psig(65.5kPa)、
・透水性 400×10-17m2、
・平面通過電気抵抗率 0.025Ω・cm、
・圧縮降伏強度 1100psig(7.585MPaゲージ圧)、
・メジアン細孔径 2.3μm、
・通気孔多孔度 42%、
を有する。
Claims (4)
- 透水性が、30×10 -17 〜2,000×10 -17 m 2 の範囲である多孔質水移動プレートを備え、
燃料電池スタック内の1つのセルのカソード電極側と隣接するセルのアノード電極側の間に順に反応物通路、前記多孔質水移動プレート、冷却水通路、前記多孔質水移動プレート、反応物通路を配置し、
前記冷却水通路に冷却水を流すことによって前記多孔質水移動プレート内の細孔を水で満たし、
補給水をアノード電極側に供給することおよび生成水をカソード電極側から除去することの管理を行うという燃料電池の水の供給・除去の管理のために燃料電池に前記多孔質水移動プレートを利用する、
ことを含むことを特徴とする、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池において多孔質水移動プレートを使用する方法。 - 前記多孔質水移動プレートは、気泡圧力が、34.5〜103kPa(5〜15psi)の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質水移動プレートは、最小の通気孔多孔度が、30体積%であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記多孔質水移動プレートは、密度が、1.00〜1.40gcm-3 であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/097,955 US6197442B1 (en) | 1998-06-16 | 1998-06-16 | Method of using a water transport plate |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000555312A Division JP4669610B2 (ja) | 1998-06-16 | 1999-06-16 | 水移動プレートおよびその使用方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2010073699A JP2010073699A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
JP4672080B2 true JP4672080B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 |
Family
ID=22265917
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000555312A Expired - Fee Related JP4669610B2 (ja) | 1998-06-16 | 1999-06-16 | 水移動プレートおよびその使用方法 |
JP2009289906A Expired - Fee Related JP4672080B2 (ja) | 1998-06-16 | 2009-12-22 | 水移動プレートおよびその使用方法 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2000555312A Expired - Fee Related JP4669610B2 (ja) | 1998-06-16 | 1999-06-16 | 水移動プレートおよびその使用方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6197442B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1116293B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4669610B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100604291B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1179428C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU4569999A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9911244A (ja) |
ID (1) | ID27397A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999066577A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6197442B1 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 2001-03-06 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Method of using a water transport plate |
US6274259B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-08-14 | International Fuel Cells Llc | Fine pore enthalpy exchange barrier |
JP3606514B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-13 | 2005-01-05 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 積層型燃料電池システム |
US20040001991A1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-01 | Kinkelaar Mark R. | Capillarity structures for water and/or fuel management in fuel cells |
US6960404B2 (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2005-11-01 | General Motors Corporation | Evaporative cooled fuel cell |
US20050003261A1 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-06 | Ayumi Horiuchi | Porous fuel cell separator, method of manufacture thereof, and solid polymer fuel cell |
US7381489B2 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2008-06-03 | Utc Power Corporation | PEM fuel cell with high porosity hydrophilic water transport plates and temperature increase before shutdown in environment which may reach subfreezing temperatures |
US20050112436A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-05-26 | Carol Jeffcoate | Methods and devices for heating or cooling fuel cell systems |
US7846591B2 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2010-12-07 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Water management layer on flowfield in PEM fuel cell |
US20060088746A1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-04-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Passive dual-phase cooling for fuel cell assemblies |
EP1935046B1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2013-08-21 | Ird Fuel Cells A/S | Modified fuel cells with internal humidification and/or temperature control systems |
US8211592B2 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2012-07-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Hydrophilic layer on flowfield for water management in PEM fuel cell |
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- 1999-06-16 EP EP99928696.6A patent/EP1116293B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-16 CN CNB998074233A patent/CN1179428C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-16 WO PCT/US1999/013548 patent/WO1999066577A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-06-16 JP JP2000555312A patent/JP4669610B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-16 AU AU45699/99A patent/AU4569999A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-16 ID IDW20010075A patent/ID27397A/id unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20010052825A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
JP4669610B2 (ja) | 2011-04-13 |
USRE39348E1 (en) | 2006-10-17 |
AU4569999A (en) | 2000-01-05 |
ID27397A (id) | 2001-04-05 |
CN1305646A (zh) | 2001-07-25 |
US6197442B1 (en) | 2001-03-06 |
EP1116293B1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
KR100604291B1 (ko) | 2006-07-28 |
EP1116293A4 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
CN1179428C (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
EP1116293A1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
BR9911244A (pt) | 2001-03-06 |
WO1999066577A1 (en) | 1999-12-23 |
JP2010073699A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
JP2002518815A (ja) | 2002-06-25 |
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