JP4631902B2 - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4631902B2 JP4631902B2 JP2007322241A JP2007322241A JP4631902B2 JP 4631902 B2 JP4631902 B2 JP 4631902B2 JP 2007322241 A JP2007322241 A JP 2007322241A JP 2007322241 A JP2007322241 A JP 2007322241A JP 4631902 B2 JP4631902 B2 JP 4631902B2
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- exhaust gas
- catalyst layer
- catalyst
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 224
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 101
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
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- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
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- F01N2240/30—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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Description
参考形態.
図1に、この参考形態に係る排ガス浄化装置の構成を示す。
ディーゼルエンジン1のシリンダヘッド1aには、ディーゼルエンジン1内に吸気を導入する吸気マニフォルド1bと、ディーゼルエンジン1の排ガスを外部に排出する排気マニフォルド1cとが接続されている。排気マニフォルド1cには排気管2が接続されており、ディーゼルエンジン1から排出された排ガスは、図1の矢印Aで示される方向に流通する。排気管2の途中には、排気管2の外部から内部に貫通するインジェクタ3が設けられている。インジェクタ3は、燃料通路4を介して図示しない燃料タンクに接続されており、燃料タンク内に貯められた燃料である軽油を排気管2内に噴射する。
図1に戻って、ハニカム担持体5の下流側には、選択還元触媒9が接続されている。選択還元触媒9は、排ガス中に含まれるNOxを、下流側触媒層8を形成するNOx吸蔵還元触媒が生成したアンモニアと反応させて窒素に還元する。
まず、インジェクタ3が軽油を噴射しておらず、ハニカム担持体5内に流入する排ガスがリーン状態である場合の動作について説明する。
図1に示すように、ディーゼルエンジン1から排出された排ガスは、排気マニフォルド1c、排気管2を通ってハニカム担持体5内に流入する。ハニカム担持体5内に流入した排ガスは、まずハニカム担持体5の流入側セル5a(図4参照)内に流入し、上流側触媒層7、多孔質壁5c、下流側触媒層8を順次通過して流出側セル5b内に流入する。ここで、インジェクタ3は軽油を噴射していないため、多孔質壁5cの上流側表面5d上において、上流側触媒層7を形成する改質触媒は反応を起こさない。
インジェクタ3が排気管2内に軽油を噴射すると、排ガスと軽油との混合ガスが、ハニカム担持体5の多孔質壁5c(図4参照)を通過するようになり、多孔質壁5cの上流側表面5d上で上流側触媒層7を形成する改質触媒に軽油が供給される。改質触媒は、供給された軽油と排ガス中に含まれる酸素、水蒸気とを反応させ、下流側触媒層8を形成するNOx吸蔵還元触媒の還元成分である一酸化炭素、水素、炭化水素を生成する。ここで、多孔質壁5cを形成する多孔質のセラミックは、上流側触媒層7を形成する改質触媒より大きい流路抵抗を有しているため、上流側触媒層7を通過した軽油が多孔質壁5cの上流側表面5dと上流側触媒層7との間に長時間滞留し、改質触媒における反応効率が向上する。
次に、この発明の実施の形態1に係る排ガス浄化装置について説明する。この実施の形態1に係る排ガス浄化装置は、前述の参考形態に対して、上流側触媒層及び下流側触媒層を形成する触媒の種類を、それぞれ酸化触媒、改質触媒としたものである。尚、以下の実施の形態において、図1〜5の参照符号と同一の符号は、同一または同様な構成要素であるので、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図6に、この実施の形態1に係る排ガス浄化装置の構成を示す。図6の矢印Aで示される方向におけるインジェクタ3の下流側には、ハニカム担持体5が接続されており、その下流側には、NOx吸蔵還元触媒19、選択還元触媒9が順次接続されている。NOx吸蔵還元触媒19は、参考形態において下流側触媒層8を形成したNOx吸蔵還元触媒と同様の触媒である。
まず、インジェクタ3が軽油を噴射していない場合における排ガス浄化装置の動作について説明する。
図7に示すように、ハニカム担持体5内に流入した排ガスは、まずハニカム担持体5の流入側セル5a内に流入し、上流側触媒層17、多孔質壁5c、下流側触媒層18を順次通過して流出側セル5b内に流入する。ここで、排ガス中に含まれるPMは、図8に示すように、上流側触媒層17を形成する酸化触媒上に捕集され、捕集されたPMは、酸化触媒の作用によって燃焼して除去される。また、PMが燃焼する際に生じた熱は、多孔質壁5cを介して下流側触媒層18に伝達され、下流側触媒層18を形成する改質触媒が加熱される。
インジェクタ3が排気管2内に軽油を噴射すると、排ガスと軽油との混合ガスが、ハニカム担持体5の多孔質壁5cを通過するようになる。多孔質壁5cを通過する混合ガスに含まれる軽油の一部は、未燃の状態で上流側触媒層17を通過し、下流側触媒層18に達する。下流側触媒層18を形成する改質触媒は、参考形態の上流側触媒層7における反応と同様に、未燃の軽油と排ガス中に含まれる酸素、水蒸気とを反応させ、NOx吸蔵還元触媒19の還元成分である一酸化炭素、水素、炭化水素を生成する。
Claims (2)
- 多孔質壁によって隔てられた流入側セル及び流出側セルを内部に有し、
前記流入側セル内に流入した排ガスが、前記多孔質壁を通過して前記流出側セル内に流入する、ウォールフロー方式のハニカム担持体と、
前記ハニカム担持体に燃料を供給するインジェクタと
を備える排ガス浄化装置において、
前記多孔質壁の、前記流入側セルに面する上流側表面には上流側触媒層が、前記流出側セルに面する下流側表面には下流側触媒層がそれぞれ形成され、
前記上流側触媒層と前記下流側触媒層とは、互いに異なる作用を有する触媒によって形成され、
前記下流側触媒層は前記燃料を改質して還元成分を生成する改質触媒によって形成されることを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記上流側触媒層は、前記排ガス中に含まれる粒子状物質を燃焼させる酸化触媒によって形成される請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化装置。
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JP2007322241A JP4631902B2 (ja) | 2007-12-13 | 2007-12-13 | 排ガス浄化装置 |
US12/331,089 US20090151340A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2008-12-09 | Exhaust gas purification device |
EP08171176A EP2070580A2 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2008-12-10 | Exhaust gas purification device |
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JP2010138783A (ja) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-24 | Shin Ace:Kk | 内燃機関の後処理装置及び排気ガス浄化装置及びそれを用いた排気ガス浄化方法 |
JP5553582B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-25 | 2014-07-16 | 日野自動車株式会社 | エンジンの排ガス浄化装置 |
BR112013029307A2 (pt) * | 2011-05-13 | 2017-01-31 | Basf Corp | filtro para fuligem catalisada, processo para fabricação de um filtro para fuligem catalisada. sistema e método para tratamento dos gases de escapamento de um motor diesel |
US11187127B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2021-11-30 | Deere & Company | Exhaust gas treatment system and method with four-way catalyzed filter element |
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JP4742405B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-28 | 2011-08-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料改質装置 |
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